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Předindustriální krajina Slovácka
Kolejka, Jaromír; Batelková, Kateřina
2017 - Czech
Části území se zachovalou druhotnou strukturou krajiny vzniklou cca před polovinou 19. století, lze považovat za existující segmenty předindustriální krajiny. Takové území si zachovalo podobný charakter parcelace a využití pozemků z doby před zahájením hlavní vlny průmyslové revoluce u nás. Srovnávací podklady registrující starou předindustriální druhotnou strukturu krajiny jsou představovány jak daty II. vojenského mapování, tak indikačních skic katastrálního mapování. Vlastní zdroj informací o předindustriální krajině je reprezentován recentním barevným ortofotem. Region Slovácka, který byl účelově vymezen, vykazuje jen poměrně malé množství kritériím vyhovujících segmentů. The areas in the landscape with the preserved secondary landscape structure originated before the mid-19th century can be seen as existing segments of the pre-industrial landscape (PreIL). Such area has retained a similar character of land use from the period before the main wave of the industrial revolution in the territory of the present Czech Republic. Comparative documents registering the secondary landscape structure of the old pre-industrial landscapes are represented by the maps of the II. military survey and in cadastral maps both from the first half of the 19th century. Current source of information on the pre-industrial landscape is represented by a recent colour orthophotomap. The region of the Moravian Slovakia, which was defined for research purposes, has only a relatively small number of pre-industrial landscape segments respecting PreIL´s identification criteria.
Keywords:
cultural heritage; old maps; identification criteria and methods
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Předindustriální krajina Slovácka
Části území se zachovalou druhotnou strukturou krajiny vzniklou cca před polovinou 19. století, lze považovat za existující segmenty předindustriální krajiny. Takové území si zachovalo podobný ...
Standardizovaný postup identifikace segmentů předindustriální krajiny platný pro regiony Moravy
Kolejka, Jaromír; Kirchner, Karel
2017 - Czech
Česká preindustriální krajina je datována před obdobím hlavní vlny průmyslové revoluce, která je nyní kladena před rokem 1850. Jedná se o ukončení relativně nepřerušeného socioekonomického a kulturního vývoje z poloviny 17. století s ohledem na místní přírodní podmínky. Jeho zachované areály nejsou zaznamenávány v České republice s výjimkou deklarovaných a plánovaných ochranných zón. Zvláště četné menší plochy s charakteristickou prostorovou strukturou orné půdy, silnice, budovy, jezera a zalesněné plochy nebyly zaznamenávány a mapovány. Tato práce se zabývá původním procesem identifikace segmentů předindustriální krajiny. Náš přístup je založen na porovnání různých kartografických dat (historické mapy z 2. vojenského průzkumu, ukazatele náčrtů katastrálních map, aktuálních map a obrazů) a identifikační proces obsahuje pět základních kroků. The Czech pre-industrial landscape is dated to the period before the main wave of the industrial revolution, now before the year 1850. It bears the sings of relatively uninterrupted socio-economic and cultural development of the mid-17th century with regard to local natural conditions. Its surviving relics are not recorded in the Czech Republic except declared and planned landscape conservation zones. Especially numerous smaller areas with a characteristic spatial structure of arable land, roads, buildings, lakes and forested areas were not covered and mapped. The present paper deals with the original identification procedure of segments of pre-industrial landscape. Our approach is based on a comparison of the various cartographic data (historical maps from the 2nd Military Survey, indicator sketches of cadastral maps, current maps and images) and identification process contains five basic steps.
Keywords:
pre-industrial landscape; standardized identification procedure; Moravia Regions Area
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Standardizovaný postup identifikace segmentů předindustriální krajiny platný pro regiony Moravy
Česká preindustriální krajina je datována před obdobím hlavní vlny průmyslové revoluce, která je nyní kladena před rokem 1850. Jedná se o ukončení relativně nepřerušeného socioekonomického a ...
Community area risk assessment for flash flood
Kolejka, Jaromír; Rapant, P.; Krejčí, Tomáš
2017 - English
The flash floods forecasting is struggling mainly with extraordinary irregularities in origin of causal precipitations. They only in conjunction with the territory water saturation caused by antecedent precipitations start effect of other local factors that can consequences of short-term extreme precipitation either worsen or mitigate vice versa. Other community area features represent a permanent potential for an adequate territory response after heavy rains. According to current knowledge, it is possible to assess the flash floods hazard of a particular territory in case of extreme precipitation in advance. If such precipitations are already on the ground, or if they are just coming up in the atmosphere, the local flood control headquarters has at least time enough to call alarm and issue a flood warning. In the ideal case, it is possible to incorporate such area assessment into the concept of decision-making of the disaster staff and to insert it into the master plan documentation. The aim of this text is to present above mentioned original method, which can be used in authomatic GIS environment by public administration as well as other users. Suggested procedure is based on automatic hydrologic modelling in ArcGIS platform in combination with advanced digital terrain model. Delimitation of partial catchment basins is also part of our proces, which enables to decide about the risk value of the area in more detail using weighted arithmetic mean. These methods result to detailed imagination about probably threatened localities - and it is essential tool for local authorities and their decision making process in case of early warning.
Keywords:
flash flood; local development; risk assessment; planning documentation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Community area risk assessment for flash flood
The flash floods forecasting is struggling mainly with extraordinary irregularities in origin of causal precipitations. They only in conjunction with the territory water saturation caused by ...
Bifurcations in contact problems with Coulomb friction
Ligurský, Tomáš; Renard, Y.
2017 - English
To explore the bifurcation in this contact problem, we have taken uniform meshes with 4096, 16384, 65536 and 262144 triangles. We shall show that the bifurcation behaviour is more complex here. Branches 1 and 4 approach one another for finer meshes, and they disappear both for the finest mesh. Nevertheless, regarding the branching of the corresponding contact problem with forces h = (h1,h2) over the plane h1-h2, one can find it stable and convergent, again. \n
Keywords:
bifurcation; contact problem; Coulomb friction
Fulltext is available at external website.
Bifurcations in contact problems with Coulomb friction
To explore the bifurcation in this contact problem, we have taken uniform meshes with 4096, 16384, 65536 and 262144 triangles. We shall show that the bifurcation behaviour is more complex here. ...
Large-scale geosimulations using GEM and trilions
Blaheta, Radim; Jakl, Ondřej; Hrtus, Rostislav; Kolcun, Alexej; Kohut, Roman; Starý, Jiří; Turan, E.
2017 - English
The project deals with efficient solution of singular symmetric positive semidefinite problems. Our motivation arises from the \nneed to solve special problems of geotechnics, e.g. to perform upscaling analysis of geocomposites. In that and other applications we have to solve boundary problems with pure Neumann boundary conditions. We show that the stabilised PCG method with various preconditioners is a good choice for systems resulting from the numerical solution of Neumann problems, or more generally problems with a known small dimensional null space. The work was also taken as an opportunity to compare parallel implementations of the orresponding solvers, namely implementations in the in-house finite element software GEM and implementations employing components of the general Trilinos library. The studies show that the solvers based on GEM are highly competitive with its recognised counterpart.
Keywords:
singular symmetric positive semidefinite problems; special problems of geotechnics; PCG method
Fulltext is available at external website.
Large-scale geosimulations using GEM and trilions
The project deals with efficient solution of singular symmetric positive semidefinite problems. Our motivation arises from the \nneed to solve special problems of geotechnics, e.g. to ...
Perception of wind power plants construction on the local level: Case studies in East Bohemia
Janová, M.; Kunc, J.; Frantál, Bohumil
2017 - English
The paper aims to evaluate selected findings of a research regarding the attitudes of the inhabitants of East Bohemian municipalities (Anenska Studanka and Vitezna) towards the construction of wind power plants and the perception thereof. A survey was carried out among the inhabitants of the two municipalities, as well as nearby municipalities and guided interviews were conducted with their mayors. The two selected sites differ in population numbers, time of power plant construction, number and size of the turbines and form of financial settlement. In the case of Vitezna, the power plant in question was community-funded, meaning that a portion of the shares was offered to the inhabitants (a unique case in the Czech Republic). The results indicated that, over time, the attitudes and opinions of the respondents from all the municipalities concerned have shifted towards a more positive perception of wind power plants. They have, however, also become more polarized. Citizens' movements against further construction have been created, even though it is currently not possible in the Czech Republic, especially given that the government has cancelled funding for the support of clean power. Respondents who were found to have the fewest issues with the wind power plants were younger than 30 years, graduates of secondary education and resided at a greater distance from the stations without having direct visual contact with them from their home.
Keywords:
wind power plants; perception; local level; Eastern Bohemia
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Perception of wind power plants construction on the local level: Case studies in East Bohemia
The paper aims to evaluate selected findings of a research regarding the attitudes of the inhabitants of East Bohemian municipalities (Anenska Studanka and Vitezna) towards the construction of wind ...
Příspěvek k hodnocení změn lesní krajiny východoslovenského Vihorlatu v uplynulých 50 letech
Lacina, Jan; Halas, Petr; Koutecký, T.; Šebesta, J.; Veska, J.
2017 - Czech
V letech 1968 – 1970 byl v západní polovině karpatského sopečného pohoří Vihorlat na Východním Slovensku prováděn typologický průzkum lesů a jejich diferenciace do jednotek přírodní potenciální vegetace ve smyslu geobiocenologické školy prof. A. Zlatníka. Během typologického průzkumu bylo založeno 155 geobiocenologických ploch, na kterých byla podrobně popsána fytocenóza a na většině ploch i půdní poměry. V letech 2013 – 2015, tedy po 45-47 letech byla většina těchto ploch obnovena a znovu popsána. Na základě fytoindikace současnými fytocenózami je zřejmé, že změny stanovišť za uplynulých téměř 50 let nejsou tak významné, aby vyvolaly změnu potenciální lesní vegetace. Velkým kladem lesního hospodaření na Vihorlatě je, zde plně využívána přirozená obnova listnatých dřevin, zejména buku. Na opuštěných pastvinách při úpatí pohoří však dochází k nepříznivé sukcesi a k ochuzení biodiverzity. In the years 1968 – 1970 the forest typological survey were carried out in the western half of the Carpathian volcanic mountain range Vihorlat (Slowakia). Differentiation of forests into the units of potential natural vegetation followed geobiocenological school prof. A. Zlatník. During the typological survey 155 geobiocoenological plots were established on which phytocenosis and mostly also soil conditions were studied. In the years 2013 - 2015, thus after 45-47 years, most of these research plots were resampled. Our data showed that current phytocenosis doesn´t indicate habitat change resulting in conversion of potential forest vegetation. In terms of today´s forest management wide using of natural regeneration of deciduous tree species we consider as highly positive. However, some landscape changes, especially adverse succession on abandoned pastures located at the foot of the mountain range could cause impoverishment of biodiversity.
Keywords:
Vihorlat mountains; geobiocoenological survey; landscape changes
Fulltext is available at external website.
Příspěvek k hodnocení změn lesní krajiny východoslovenského Vihorlatu v uplynulých 50 letech
V letech 1968 – 1970 byl v západní polovině karpatského sopečného pohoří Vihorlat na Východním Slovensku prováděn typologický průzkum lesů a jejich diferenciace do jednotek přírodní potenciální ...
Application of high speed water jet technology for concrete repair
Bodnárová, L.; Sitek, Libor; Foldyna, Josef; Jarolím, T.
2017 - English
This article brings selected knowledge from the long-term cooperation between\nthe Brno University of Technology, the Faculty of Civil Engineering, the Institute of\nTechnology of Building Materials and Components, and the Academy of Sciences of\nthe Czech Republic, v.v.i., Institute of Geonics, Ostrava – Poruba in the field of\nthe interaction of high-speed water jets and concrete, especially with regard to\nthe use of high-speed water jet technology for the removal of surface layers of\nconcrete during repair of concrete.
Keywords:
high speed water jet (HSWJ); concrete; concrete repair; X-ray CT; carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Application of high speed water jet technology for concrete repair
This article brings selected knowledge from the long-term cooperation between\nthe Brno University of Technology, the Faculty of Civil Engineering, the Institute of\nTechnology of Building Materials ...
Evaluation of selected surface characteristics of CW004A copper disintegrated by PWJ
Lehocká, D.; Klich, Jiří
2017 - English
Paper deals with copper CW004A surface characteristics evaluation after\ndisintegration by enhanced pulsating water jet. The main aim was identify and\ndescribe areas of pulsating water jet disintegration effects on material with using\ncircular nozzle diameter. 25 samples were disintegrated at change traverse speed\nv = 0.1 – 20 mm·s-1, for assessment of individual areas formation. Surface\ncharacteristics were evaluated based on surface roughness parameters Ra [μm],\nRz [μm], Rp [μm], Rv [μm], mass material removal Δm [mg.mm-1] and volume\nmaterial removal Vm [mm3]. Based on experimental investigation, three areas of\npulsating water jet effects on material were determined.
Keywords:
pulsating water jet; copper; roughness; topography
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Evaluation of selected surface characteristics of CW004A copper disintegrated by PWJ
Paper deals with copper CW004A surface characteristics evaluation after\ndisintegration by enhanced pulsating water jet. The main aim was identify and\ndescribe areas of pulsating water jet ...
Flow Field Analysis in Abrasive Head as Tool for High-Speed Abrasive Jet Cutting
Říha, Zdeněk; Zeleňák, Michal
2017 - English
The article presents an analysis of the calculated flow field of water, vapor and\nabrasive particles in the inner geometry of a tool called the abrasive head using\na multiphase numerical flow model. The results of the above-mentioned analysis\nare compared with measured values of abrasive particle velocities at the outlet of\nthe abrasive head. For measuring of abrasive particle velocities, the PIV method\nwas used.
Keywords:
abrasive head; high-speed water jet; abrasive particle velocity
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Flow Field Analysis in Abrasive Head as Tool for High-Speed Abrasive Jet Cutting
The article presents an analysis of the calculated flow field of water, vapor and\nabrasive particles in the inner geometry of a tool called the abrasive head using\na multiphase numerical flow model. ...
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