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WINTER RECREATION AND SNOW
Zahradníček, Pavel; Rožnovský, J.; Štěpánek, Petr; Farda, Aleš; Brzezina, J.
2016 - English
Climate assessment should not be limited to just statistical analysis, but also look at relationships in data and its uses in other areas of everyday life. One such area is tourism and recreation, which is also to a great extent influenced by the weather. This paper focuses on the winter season and the related possibilities for tourism. One of the key factors is snow conditions of the particular place. This analysis takes into account the amount of new snow and maximum snow depth and changes in these parameters as a result of the current global climate change. Especially in the last 15 years, years with less snow are more frequent and this is especially seen at highest altitudes of the country. The study also analyzed outputs of climate models with regards to winter season, including calculations of the number of melting days.
Keywords:
new snow; total snow depth; climate change; climate models
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
WINTER RECREATION AND SNOW
Climate assessment should not be limited to just statistical analysis, but also look at relationships in data and its uses in other areas of everyday life. One such area is tourism and recreation, ...
Jedle bělokorá (Abies alba Mill.) – vlastnosti dřeva a použití v lesnictví a dřevařství
Horáček, Petr
2016 - Czech
Jedle je vedle smrku považována za jednu z nejdůležitějších jehličnatých dřevin pro\nprůmyslové zpracování. Její hospodářský význam je nezpochybnitelný. Vlastnosti dřeva\nodpovídají dřevu smrkovému a i použití je podobné. Z lesnického hlediska kromě funkce\nprodukční plní jedle i funkci meliorační a zpevňující dřeviny. Příspěvek se zabývá popisem\nstavby a vlastností dřeva, jeho využitím v dřevařství a navazujících průmyslových odvětvích.\nDále se zabývá hodnocením zpevnění porostu běžnými melioračními a zpevňujícími\ndřevinami včetně jedle. Východiskem jsou mechanické vlastnosti dřeva v čerstvém stavu a\nmateriálové indexy. Silver fir is considered as one of the most important coniferous trees for industrial processing\nin addition to Norway spruce. Its economic importance is unquestionable. Wood properties of\nsilver fir are similar to spruce one, the utilization of both wood species corresponds as well.\nBesides an economic effect, the fir also fulfils ecological functions and therefore it belongs to\nthe ameliorative and stabilising tree species. The paper describes the structure, properties and\nutilization of fir both in the timber industry and forestry. It assesses the stabilization effect of\ntree species including fir based on mechanical properties of green wood and material indices.
Keywords:
wood utilization; physical and mechanical properties; ameliorative and stabilising tree species
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Jedle bělokorá (Abies alba Mill.) – vlastnosti dřeva a použití v lesnictví a dřevařství
Jedle je vedle smrku považována za jednu z nejdůležitějších jehličnatých dřevin pro\nprůmyslové zpracování. Její hospodářský význam je nezpochybnitelný. Vlastnosti dřeva\nodpovídají dřevu smrkovému a ...
Application of DSSAT model to simulated thermophilic crops in central and southern Europe
Potop, V.; Mateescu, C.D.; Türkott, L.; Zahradníček, Pavel; Boroneant, C.; Constantinescu, F.; Iamandei, M.
2016 - English
This study presents applications of DSSAT version 4.5 software package to simulate thermophilic crops. The results are used to identified adaptation options to reduce impacts of climate changes, pest and diseases in thermophilic crops in the central and southeastern Europe, specifically in Elbe River lowland and Romania. For the Czech Republic, experimental research at farm level includes: (1) testing thermophilic assortment of vegetables in Elbe lowland conditions; (2) monitoring the meteorological data, phenological phases, soil characteristics, leaf area and the amount of aboveground biomass on farmer vegetable fields. For Romania, the focus is put on crop water use efficiency under current and future climate scenarios for thermophilic species (maize) in different agricultural sites from south and south-eastern regions. CERES Maize and CROPGRO-vegetables modules embedded in DSSAT were used.
Keywords:
CERES Maize; CROPGRO-tomato; plant protection; climate change
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Application of DSSAT model to simulated thermophilic crops in central and southern Europe
This study presents applications of DSSAT version 4.5 software package to simulate thermophilic crops. The results are used to identified adaptation options to reduce impacts of climate changes, pest ...
Detection of drought events using combination of satellite data and soil moisture modelling
Semerádová, Daniela; Trnka, Miroslav; Hlavinka, Petr; Balek, Jan; Bohovič, Roman; Tadesse, T.; Hayes, M.; Wardlow, B.; Žalud, Zdeněk
2016 - English
The use of satellite data offers a potentially well usable tool to accurate drought monitoring. The study examines the space-time possibility of agricultural drought detection using freely available data from the MODIS instrument onboard Terra and Aqua satellites that reflects vegetation condition. Vegetation greenness metrics used in this study are based on the spectral reflectance curves in the visible red and near-infrared part of the spectrum and are expressed in relation to the average for the period of 2000-2014. The results are presented in weekly time step for the whole area of the Czech Republic, and are compared to the drought monitor system, based on the SoilClim dynamic model for soil water content estimates. These data, as well as other parameters, such as soil properties and land use, are integrated at 500 meters spatial resolution.
Keywords:
vegetation; modis; products; drought monitor; remote sensing; modis; ndvi; seasonal greenness
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Detection of drought events using combination of satellite data and soil moisture modelling
The use of satellite data offers a potentially well usable tool to accurate drought monitoring. The study examines the space-time possibility of agricultural drought detection using freely available ...
Comparison of drought effect on young coppiced and standard individuals of sessile oak
Stojanović, Marko; Čater, M.; Pokorný, Radek
2016 - English
Assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency (quantum yield) of young oaks were compared in coppice and standard sessile oak stands of comparable age (100-120 years) under different light intensity categories. Measurements of assimilation response were performed during three consecutive growing seasons (2012, 2013 and 2014). In every category 8 young oaks of generative origin and same number of coppice sprouts of different stool were measured. The quantum yield in optimal conditions in standards was highest in the category A of closed canopy, while in coppices in category C. During severe drought in 2013 the drop in efficiency of standards was evident in all categories, while in coppices no differences in efficiency were confirmed between optimal and drought stress, proving the advantage of young coppices over standards.
Keywords:
coppice; standards; photosynthetic response; quantum yield; light conditions; drought response
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Comparison of drought effect on young coppiced and standard individuals of sessile oak
Assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency (quantum yield) of young oaks were compared in coppice and standard sessile oak stands of comparable age (100-120 years) under different light intensity ...
Potential of the sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands for estimation of eco-physiological plant parameters
Malenovský, Zbyněk; Homolová, Lucie; Janoutová, Růžena; Landier, L.; Gastelluetchegorry, J-P.; Bertholt, B.; Huck, A.
2016 - English
In this study we investigated importance of the spaceborne instrument Sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands and reconstructed red edge position (REP) for retrieval of the three eco-physiological plant parameters, leaf and canopy chlorophyll content and leaf area index (LAI), in case of maize agricultural fields and beech and spruce forest stands. Sentinel-2 spectral bands and REP of the investigated vegetation canopies were simulated in the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model. Their potential for estimation of the plant parameters was assessed through training support vector regressions (SVR) and examining their P-vector matrices indicatingsignificance of each input. The trained SVR were then applied on Sentinel-2 simulated images and the acquired\nestimates were cross-compared with results from high spatial resolution airborne retrievals. Results showed that contribution of REP was significant for canopy chlorophyll content, but less significant for leaf chlorophyll content and insignificant for leaf area index estimations. However, the red edge spectral bands contributed strongly to the retrievals of all parameters, especially canopy and leaf chlorophyll content. Application of SVR on Sentinel-2 simulated images demonstrated, in general, an overestimation of leaf chlorophyll content and an underestimation of LAI when compared to the reciprocal airborne estimates. In the follow-up investigation, we will apply the trained SVR algorithms on real Sentinel-2 multispectral images acquired during vegetation seasons 2015 and 2016.
Keywords:
canopy chlorophyll; image acquisition; physiological models; high spatial resolution; vegetation cabioy; agricultural fields; leaf chlorophyll content; multispectral images; space-borne instruments; support vector regression (SVR); vegetation canopy
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Potential of the sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands for estimation of eco-physiological plant parameters
In this study we investigated importance of the spaceborne instrument Sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands and reconstructed red edge position (REP) for retrieval of the three eco-physiological plant ...
Monitoring zemědělského sucha a jeho uživatelé a zpravodajové
Bartošová, Lenka; Trnka, Miroslav; Semerádová, Daniela; Hlavinka, Petr; Štěpánek, Petr; Zahradníček, Pavel; Žalud, Z.
2016 - Czech
Monitoring sucha je klíčovým prvkem sledování vývoje klimatu v České republice. Cílem tohoto článku je popsat, jak se na samotném monitoringu podílejí agronomové, lesníci, ovocnáři či lidé pracující v krajině a to v rámci Integrovaného Systému Sledování Sucha (ISSS). ISSS v týdenním kroku monitoruje vývoj a stav sucha pro celou Českou republiku s využitím různých zdrojů informací (výsledky vycházející z modelu SoilClim či výstupy z nástroje MODIS na družicích Aqua a Terra). Jedním z pilířů ISSS je také popis dopadů sucha na výnosy hlavních plodin a to díky spolupráci zejména se zemědělci, jejichž expertní hodnocení prováděná v týdenním kroku přináší pohled na aktuální situaci očima praxe, která je k dispozici na www.intersucho.cz. Drought monitoring in the Czech Republic is a key element in climate monitoring. The aim of this article is to describe the possible participation of agronomists, foresters and fruiterers in drought monitoring within the Integrated Drought Monitoring System. This system monitor drought occurence weekly on the base of various information (data from model SoiClim or outputs from satellite Aqua and Terra). One of the main pillar of the monitor is also information about drought impact on yields in the cooperation with especially farmers. Their expert assessment brings insight into actual situation in agricultural landscape in weekly time step. All results are free to download in www.intersucho.cz.
Keywords:
drought; intersucho.cz; impacts on yield; questionnaire
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Monitoring zemědělského sucha a jeho uživatelé a zpravodajové
Monitoring sucha je klíčovým prvkem sledování vývoje klimatu v České republice. Cílem tohoto článku je popsat, jak se na samotném monitoringu podílejí agronomové, lesníci, ovocnáři či lidé pracující v ...
Vliv vysokých teplot a různých vodních režimů na tvorbu nadzemní biomasy vybraných odrůd pšenice ozimé
Hlaváčová, M.; Klem, Karel; Hlavinka, Petr; Trnka, Miroslav
2016 - Czech
Cílem této studie bylo hodnocení vlivu vysoké teploty a nedostatku půdní vláhy v období kvetení na alokaci nadzemní biomasy dvou odrůd pšenice ozimé (Bohemia a Pannonia). Za tímto účelem byly simulovány podmínky stresu teplem s těmito teplotními maximy: 26 °C (kontrolní komora), 29, 32, 35, 38 a 41 °C. Průběh relativní vlhkosti vzduchu (RV) a fotosynteticky aktivní radiace (FAR) byl řízen prostřednictvím protokolů. Kromě toho byla v každé komoře ustanovena varianta stresovaná suchem (Dry) a varianta optimálně zalévaná (Wet). Rostliny byly po 14 dnech stresového režimu vyjmuty z komor a do období plné zralosti byly vystaveny vlivům aktuálního počasí. Po sklizni byla pro všechny varianty nastolených stresových podmínek obou odrůd vyhodnocena produktivita hlavních klasů a sklizňový index (HI) hlavních klasů The aim of this study was to assess the effect of high temperatures and soil water scarcity during anthesis on the above-ground biomass allocation of the two winter wheat varieties (Bohemia and Pannonia). The six growth chambers were used to simulate heat stress conditions within following gradient of temperature maxima: 26°C (control chamber), 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41°C. The relative humidity (RH) course and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity were controlled via protocols. Additionally, drought stressed (Dry) and well-watered (Wet) treatments were established within each growth chamber. The plants were removed from the growth chambers after 14 days and they were left until a full maturity, exposed to ambient weather conditions. The spike productivities of the main spikes and harvest indices (HI) of the main spikes were evaluated for particular treatments within both winter wheat varieties after harvest.
Keywords:
Bohemia; harvest index; Pannonia; spike productivity
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Vliv vysokých teplot a různých vodních režimů na tvorbu nadzemní biomasy vybraných odrůd pšenice ozimé
Cílem této studie bylo hodnocení vlivu vysoké teploty a nedostatku půdní vláhy v období kvetení na alokaci nadzemní biomasy dvou odrůd pšenice ozimé (Bohemia a Pannonia). Za tímto účelem byly ...
The usage of algae in biogas transformation
Paroulkova, P.; Sukačová, Kateřina; Murgasová, K.; Vítěz, T.; Chovanec, J.
2016 - English
Using of algae in a biogas transformation is still in the beginning. However, the microalgae have large potential from the perspective of growing demands on biogas quality and trend of using,natural resources. First of all, it is their ability to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) using photosynthesis and presumed ability of some algae to metabolize hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Biogas contains not only required methane but also components causing its worse quality such as mentioned CO2 and H2S. Therefore, the algae are potential biological systems for biogas-conditioning. The microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C2) was used for fixation of CO2 and H2S in our experiment. The microalgae were cultivated in a medium BG 11. The algal suspension was aerated with the biogas during two weeks. Different values of CO2 concentration measured in the input and output confirmed decrease of CO2 caused by intensive growth of algal culture. Decline of H2S was not confirmed.
Keywords:
biogas purification; carbon dioxide; methane; hydrogen sulphide; biological treatment
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The usage of algae in biogas transformation
Using of algae in a biogas transformation is still in the beginning. However, the microalgae have large potential from the perspective of growing demands on biogas quality and trend of using,natural ...
Tvorba větrných růžic pomocí modelu calmet
Škáchová, H.; Vlček, O.; Trusina, Jan
2015 - Czech
Model CALMET je součástí systému pro disperzní modelování (CALPUFF) a jedná se o diagnostický modul pro pole proudění, který počítá vertikálně členěná pole směru a rychlosti větru a je schopen vypočítat mikrometeorologické charakteristiky mezní vrstvy nad zemským a vodním povrchem. Pro ověření modelu byly provedeny zkušební výpočty na dvou profesionálních stanicích ČHMÚ (Praha – Libuš, Mošnov) za období 2008 – 2012, pro porovnání přizemní stabilitně členěné a celkové výškové růžice byla vybrána observatoř Košetice. Model CALMET ukázal, že je vhodným nástrojem pro tvorbu stabilitně členěných větrných růžic. Při výpočtu větrné růžice je však třeba mít na zřeteli správné nastavení modelu a reprezentativnost vstupních dat. The CALMETT model is a part of dispersion modeling system (CALPUFF), which is a diagnostical modul for flow fields that counts vertically divided fields of wind direction and wind speed. The model is able to calculate micrometeorological characteristics of the boundary layer above the Earth´s and water surface. To verify the model, test calculations were made at two professional stations CHMI (Praha – Libuš, Mošnov) for the period of 2008 – 2012. Košetice Observatory was chosen for comparison of the stability divided and total height rosettes. The results showed that the CALMETT model is a suitable tool for creating stability divided wind rosettes. When calculating wind rosettes, the correct settings and representativeness of input data should be born in mind.
Keywords:
Wind rosette; CALMET model; verification; meteorological stations
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Tvorba větrných růžic pomocí modelu calmet
Model CALMET je součástí systému pro disperzní modelování (CALPUFF) a jedná se o diagnostický modul pro pole proudění, který počítá vertikálně členěná pole směru a rychlosti větru a je schopen ...
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