No (1449)
Yes (921)
Number of found documents:
2370
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Final Report of the Centre of Excellence for Nonlinear Dynamic Behaviour of Advanced Materials in Engineering
Parma, Slavomír; Gabriel, Dušan
2022 - English
This final report presents the CeNDYNMAT Center of Excellence, which was established at the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences in 2016 and ended in 2022. The report summarizes the most important scientific results of the center. It also gives an overview of the main outcomes and developments of the project, including budgeting, purchasing instrumentation, international cooperation and organization of conferences and summer courses.
Keywords:
nonlinear dynamic behavior; advanced materials; metal plasticity
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Final Report of the Centre of Excellence for Nonlinear Dynamic Behaviour of Advanced Materials in Engineering
This final report presents the CeNDYNMAT Center of Excellence, which was established at the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences in 2016 and ended in 2022. The report ...
Diffusion Kalman filtering under unknown process and measurement noise covariance matrices
Vlk, T.; Dedecius, Kamil
2022 - English
The state-of-the-art algorithms for Kalman filtering in agent networks with information diffusion impose the requirement of well-defined state-space models. In particular, they assume that both the process and measurement noise covariance matrices are known and properly set. This is a relatively strong assumption in the signal processing domain. By design, the Kalman filters are rather sensitive to its violation, which may potentially lead to their divergence. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed filtering algorithm with increased robustness under unknown process and measurement noise covariance matrices. It is formulated as a Bayesian variational message passing procedure for simultaneous analytically tractable inference of states and measurement noise covariance matrices.
Keywords:
Collaborative estimation; State estimation; Variational Bayesian methods
Fulltext is available at external website.
Diffusion Kalman filtering under unknown process and measurement noise covariance matrices
The state-of-the-art algorithms for Kalman filtering in agent networks with information diffusion impose the requirement of well-defined state-space models. In particular, they assume that both the ...
Who divorces whom: unilateral divorce legislation and the educational structure of marriage
Afunts, Geghetsik; Jurajda, Štěpán
2022 - English
There is evidence that the introduction of unilateral divorce legislation (UDL) starting in the late 1960s increased US divorce rates. We ask whether making divorce easier affected the educational structure of marriage. Based on marriage and divorce certificate data covering 1970-1988, we provide new evidence on the evolution of the educational structure of marriage inflows (newlyweds) and outflows (divorces), and estimate UDL difference-in-differences effects on both flows. While UDL did not contribute to rising homogamy (the tendency towards married partners having the same level of education), it did affect the educational structure of marriage: it made generally unstable hypogamous couples (women marrying less educated partners) less likely to divorce, and it made homogamous couples more stable than hypergamous ones (women marrying more educated partners).
Keywords:
homogamy; unilateral divorce; marriage
Fulltext is available at external website.
Who divorces whom: unilateral divorce legislation and the educational structure of marriage
There is evidence that the introduction of unilateral divorce legislation (UDL) starting in the late 1960s increased US divorce rates. We ask whether making divorce easier affected the educational ...
Aerodynamic Measurements on Transonic Compressor Blade Cascades KR-D-5 and KR-D-6
Šimurda, David; Hála, Jindřich; Luxa, Martin
2022 - English
This report contains results and evaluation of aerodynamic measurements conducted on two variant transonic compressor blade cascades with MCA profile (KR-D-5) and DCA profile (KR-D-6).
Keywords:
compressor blade cascade; experiment; transonic flow; MCA profile; DCA profile
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Aerodynamic Measurements on Transonic Compressor Blade Cascades KR-D-5 and KR-D-6
This report contains results and evaluation of aerodynamic measurements conducted on two variant transonic compressor blade cascades with MCA profile (KR-D-5) and DCA profile (KR-D-6).
Inflation inequality in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit; Kurylo, Bohdana; Špeciánová, J.
2022 - English
This project employs Czech Household Budget Survey and Consumer Price Index data to create consumer price indices for various population subgroups in the Czech Republic. We find that subgroup-specific inflation rates are very similar to the inflation rate for all the non-elderly population, with the exception of single-parent households, which experienced a higher inflation rate in 2022 than did the other subgroups. However, the difference was reasonably modest. Importantly, we found that inflation issuing from housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels is significantly higher for low-income and single-parent households than for high-income and two-parent households. The difference is particularly significant for single-parent households, for which inflation due to increases in housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuel costs represents 40.15 percent of their overall inflation burden compared to 28.44 percent for two-parent households. This finding suggests that the recent increases in electricity and gas prices may exert particularly harmful effects on single-parent households unless the government provides the support necessary to mitigate the adverse effects of rising prices. While all households are being affected by rising living costs, single-parent and low-income households should be prioritized in terms of support. In addition, we calculated that for low-income and single-parent households, the total loss of purchasing power due to inflation amounts to CZK 15,179 and CZK 20,445, respectively.
Keywords:
inflation; households; Czech Republic
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Inflation inequality in the Czech Republic
This project employs Czech Household Budget Survey and Consumer Price Index data to create consumer price indices for various population subgroups in the Czech Republic. We find that subgroup-specific ...
Recursive mixture estimation with univariate multimodal Poisson variable
Uglickich, Evženie; Nagy, Ivan
2022 - English
Analysis of count variables described by the Poisson distribution is required in many application fields. Examples of the count variables observed per a time unit can be, e.g., number of customers, passengers, road accidents, Internet traffic packet arrivals, bankruptcies, virus attacks, etc. If the behavior of such a variable exhibits a multimodal character, the problem of clustering and classification of incoming count data arises. This issue can touch, for instance, detecting clusters of the different behavior of drivers in traffic flow analysis as well as cyclists or pedestrians. This work focuses on the model-based clustering of Poisson-distributed count data with the help of the recursive Bayesian estimation of the mixture of Poisson components. The aim of the work is to explain the methodology in details with an illustrative simple example, so that the work is limited to the univariate case and static pointer.
Keywords:
recursive mixture estimation; mixture of Poisson distributions; clustering and classification
Fulltext is available at external website.
Recursive mixture estimation with univariate multimodal Poisson variable
Analysis of count variables described by the Poisson distribution is required in many application fields. Examples of the count variables observed per a time unit can be, e.g., number of customers, ...
Inattentive price discovery in ETFs
Kosar, Mariia; Mikhalishchev, Sergei
2022 - English
This paper studies the information choice of exchange-traded funds (ETF) investors, and its impact on the price efficiency of underlying stocks. First, we show that the learning of stock-specific information can occur at the ETF level. Our results suggest that ETF investors respond endogenously to changes in the fundamental value of underlying stocks, in line with the rational inattention theory. Second, we provide evidence that ETFs facilitate propagation of idiosyncratic shocks across its constituents.
Keywords:
exchange-traded fund; ETF; price efficiency
Fulltext is available at external website.
Inattentive price discovery in ETFs
This paper studies the information choice of exchange-traded funds (ETF) investors, and its impact on the price efficiency of underlying stocks. First, we show that the learning of stock-specific ...
Optimally biased expertise
Ilinov, Pavel; Matveenko, A.; Senkov, Maxim; Starkov, E.
2022 - English
This paper shows that the principal can strictly benefit from delegating a decision to an agent whose opinion differs from that of the principal. We consider a “delegated expertise” problem in which the agent has an advantage in information acquisition relative to the principal, as opposed to having preexisting private information. When the principal is ex ante predisposed towards some action, it is optimal for her to hire an agent who is predisposed towards the same action, but to a smaller extent, since such an agent would acquire more information, which outweighs the bias stemming from misalignment. We show that belief misalignment between an agent and a principal is a viable instrument in delegation, performing on par with contracting and communication in a class of problems.
Keywords:
delegation; rational inattention; heterogeneous beliefs
Fulltext is available at external website.
Optimally biased expertise
This paper shows that the principal can strictly benefit from delegating a decision to an agent whose opinion differs from that of the principal. We consider a “delegated expertise” problem in which ...
Consequences of inconvenient information: evidence from sentencing disparities
Šoltés, Michal
2022 - English
Inconvenient information about the performance of public institutions may undermine public trust. In an experiment, I test how information about sentencing disparities among judges in the Czech Republic affects respondents’ perception of the judicial system. I find no effect on respondents’ declared institutional trust and willingness to rely on the formal judicial system. Instead, the information marginally increased respondents’ policy involvement: They became more likely to: (i) sign a petition that invites politicians to address the underlying issue, and (ii) consider fairness of the judicial system a more important policy issue. The increased interest in the petition was driven by mothers, who are arguably more sensitive to the particular treatment information in the presented case of a failure to pay alimony.
Keywords:
information disclosure; institutional trust; performance of public institutions
Fulltext is available at external website.
Consequences of inconvenient information: evidence from sentencing disparities
Inconvenient information about the performance of public institutions may undermine public trust. In an experiment, I test how information about sentencing disparities among judges in the Czech ...
Survey of the use of propane as refrigerant R290 in cooling circuits and heat pumps
Aminian, Ali; Prokopová, Olga; Vinš, Václav
2022 - English
The technical report presents a review on the application of propane as refrigerant R290 in cooling circuits and heat pumps (HVAC). Safety risks of R290 used in HVAC are addressed according to ANSI/ASHRAE and EN standards. Comparison of thermophysical properties of propane with other refrigerants, solubility and miscibility of propane in compressor oils and heat transfer in condenser and evaporator are discussed. The main aim of the study is to provide an overview about the potential use of propane in the cooling circuit and heat pump for the hydrogen bus developed by the SOR Libchavy company.
Keywords:
cooling circuit; heat pump; hydrogen bus; refrigerant
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Survey of the use of propane as refrigerant R290 in cooling circuits and heat pumps
The technical report presents a review on the application of propane as refrigerant R290 in cooling circuits and heat pumps (HVAC). Safety risks of R290 used in HVAC are addressed according to ...
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