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Survey expectations, adaptive learning and inflation dynamics
Rychalovska, Y.; Slobodyan, Sergey; Wouters, R.
2024 - anglický
The use of survey information on inflation expectations as an observable in a DSGE model can substantially refine identification of the shocks that drive inflation. Optimal integration of the survey information improves the model forecast for inflation and for other macroeconomic variables. Models with expectations based on an Adaptive Learning setup can exploit survey information more efficiently than their Rational Expectations counterparts. The resulting time-variation in the perceived inflation target, in inflation persistence, and in the sensitivity of inflation to various shocks provide a rich and consistent description of the joint dynamics of realized and expected inflation. Our framework produces a reasonable interpretation of the post-Covid inflation dynamics. Our learning model successfully identifies the more persistent nature of the recent inflation surge.
Klíčová slova:
inflation; expectations; survey data
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Survey expectations, adaptive learning and inflation dynamics
The use of survey information on inflation expectations as an observable in a DSGE model can substantially refine identification of the shocks that drive inflation. Optimal integration of the survey ...
The American origin of the French Revolution
Ottinger, Sebastian; Rosenberger, L.
2024 - anglický
We show that the French combatants’ exposure to the United States increased support for the French Revolution a decade later. French regions from which more American combatants originated had more revolts against feudal institutions, revolutionary societies, volunteers for the revolutionary army, and emigrants from the Old Regime’s elite. To establish causality, we exploit two historical coincidences: i) originally, a French army of seven and a half thousand was ready to sail, but one-third did not, ii) among those deployed, only some regiments were stationed in New England. Only combatants exposed to New England affected the French Revolution after their return.
Klíčová slova:
institutional change; French Revolution; American War of Independence
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
The American origin of the French Revolution
We show that the French combatants’ exposure to the United States increased support for the French Revolution a decade later. French regions from which more American combatants originated had more ...
Surfactant-free silver nanofluids as liquid systems with neuromorphic potential
Nikitin, D.; Biliak, K.; Lemke, J.; Protsak, M.; Pleskunov, P.; Tosca, M.; Ali-Ogly, S.; Červenková, V.; Adejube, B.; Bajtošová, L.; Černochová, Zulfiya; Prokeš, J.; Křivka, I.; Biederman, H.; Faupel, F.; Vahl, A.; Choukourov, A.
2024 - anglický
Neuromorphic engineering is a rapidly developing branch of science that aims to implement the unique attributes of biological neural networks in artificial devices. Most neuromorphic devices are based on the resistive switching effect, which involves changing the device’s conductivity in response to an external electric field. For instance, percolating nanoparticle (NP) networks produced by gas aggregation cluster sources (GAS) show collective spiking behavior in conductivity reminiscent of brain-like dynamics. Nevertheless, the problem of dynamic spatial reconfiguration in solid-state neuromorphic systems remains unsolved. Herein, novel nanofluids with resistive switching properties are proposed as neuromorphic media. They are produced by depositing silver NPs from GAS into vacuum-compatible liquids (paraffin, silicon oil, and PEG) without the use of surfactants or other chemicals. When the electric field is applied between two electrodes, the migration of NPs toward biased electrode is detected in all liquids. The electrophoretic nature of the NP movement was proved by means of ζ-potential measurements. Such movement led to the self-assembly of NPs in conductive paths connecting the electrodes and, as a result, to resistive switching. The electrical response was strongly dependent on the dielectric constant of the base liquid. The Ag-PEG nanofluid demonstrated the best switching performance reproducible during several tens of current-voltage cycles. The growth of flexible and reconfigurable conductive filaments in nanofluids makes them suitable media for potential realization of 3D neural networks.
Klíčová slova:
nanofluid; gas aggregation cluster source; ζ-potential, electrophoresis
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Surfactant-free silver nanofluids as liquid systems with neuromorphic potential
Neuromorphic engineering is a rapidly developing branch of science that aims to implement the unique attributes of biological neural networks in artificial devices. Most neuromorphic devices are based ...
Emerging Contaminants in Sewage Sludge: Analysis and Their Removal by Pyrolysis
Hušek, Matěj
2024 - anglický
The study continues with flame retardants (e.g., phosphorus-based or brominated) present in sludge, which may pose a hazard to nature and human health3,4. There is a lack of information on their pyrolysis removal and occurrence in the sludge in the Czech Republic.
Klíčová slova:
sewage sludge; pyrolysis; PFAS; flame retardants
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Emerging Contaminants in Sewage Sludge: Analysis and Their Removal by Pyrolysis
The study continues with flame retardants (e.g., phosphorus-based or brominated) present in sludge, which may pose a hazard to nature and human health3,4. There is a lack of information on their ...
Cholinium Based Ionic Liquids: Influence of Water as a Co-solvent on Their Physico-chemical Properties and Preliminary Results for Dissolution of Biopolymers
Souvenir Zafindrajaona, Mahasoa-Salina
2024 - anglický
Ionic liquids (ILs) are emerging as promising alternative solvents in the field of natural substance extraction, offering significant advantages over traditional solvents. Since the last decade, we notice the increasing use of greener solvent alternatives such as Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) or ILs for the extraction of highly valuable compounds from natural sources such as lignocellulose. During this presentation, the influence of water on heat capacity, density, speed of sound and TGA will be discussed and the preliminary results for lignin dissolution willbe presented.
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Cholinium Based Ionic Liquids: Influence of Water as a Co-solvent on Their Physico-chemical Properties and Preliminary Results for Dissolution of Biopolymers
Ionic liquids (ILs) are emerging as promising alternative solvents in the field of natural substance extraction, offering significant advantages over traditional solvents. Since the last decade, we ...
14th International Bordetella Symposium
Šebo, Peter
2024 - anglický
We shall discuss the latest research achievements in the Bordatella/pertussis filed and how to tackle the challenge of current pertussis resurgence. We will assess what needs to be done to overcome the limitations of current acellular pertussis vaccines in order to curb the resurgence and transmission of whoopong cough.
Klíčová slova:
bordetella; petrussis; vaccine
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
14th International Bordetella Symposium
We shall discuss the latest research achievements in the Bordatella/pertussis filed and how to tackle the challenge of current pertussis resurgence. We will assess what needs to be done to overcome ...
Digitální systémy pro monitorování BOZP
VÚBP
2024 - český
Digitální systémy pro monitorování BOZP využívají digitální technologii ke shromažďování a analýze dat za účelem identifikace a hodnocení rizik na pracovišti.
Klíčová slova:
digitalizace; digitální systémy; BOZP; bezpečnost práce; digitalisation; digital systems; OSH; occupational safety
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Digitální systémy pro monitorování BOZP
Digitální systémy pro monitorování BOZP využívají digitální technologii ke shromažďování a analýze dat za účelem identifikace a hodnocení rizik na pracovišti.
Automatizace pracovních úkolů
VÚBP
2024 - český
Systémy založené na umělé inteligenci (AI) pro automatizaci kognitivních i fyzických úkolů vykazují slibné výsledky v různých odvětvích. Využívání umělé inteligence a robotiky k automatizaci nebezpečných nebo opakujících se úkolů na pracovišti v rámci ochrany pracovníků je tak v současnosti na vzestupu.
Klíčová slova:
umělá inteligence; BOZP; automatizace; artificial intelligence; OSH; automation
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Automatizace pracovních úkolů
Systémy založené na umělé inteligenci (AI) pro automatizaci kognitivních i fyzických úkolů vykazují slibné výsledky v různých odvětvích. Využívání umělé inteligence a robotiky k automatizaci ...
Metody úprav čistírenských kalů pro aplikaci v zemědělství s ohledem na mikropolutanty
Vítková, M.; Komárek, M.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Pohořelý, Michael; Moško, Jaroslav; Hušek, Matěj; Cajthaml, Tomáš; Grasserová, Alena; Čechmánková, J.; Vácha, R.; Zimová, M.
2024 - český
Cílem předkládané metodiky je popsat možnosti úpravy čistírenských kalů kompostováním a pyrolýzou pro aplikaci v zemědělství, a to zejména s ohledem na tzv. mikropolutanty, ale i na konvenční polutanty, a posoudit rizika upravených kalů pro půdní prostředí a vstup (mikro)polutantů do pěstovaných plodin. Metodika vychází z výsledků laboratorních a terénních experimentů tříletého projektu a z kritického přístupu ke kalům jako potenciálně nebezpečnému odpadu na straně jedné a recyklovatelného zdroje živin na straně druhé. The aim of the methodology is to describe the possibilities of sewage sludge treatment by composting and pyrolysis for the application in agriculture, with particular respect to the so-called micropollutants, but also to conventional pollutants, and to assess the risks of treated sludge for the soil environment and the uptake of (micro)pollutants by cultivated crops. The methodology is based on the results from laboratory and field experiments of a three-year project and on a critical approach to sludge as a potentially hazardous waste on the one hand and a recyclable source of nutrients on the other.
Klíčová slova:
pyrolysi; composting; emerging pollutants; soil; plant uptake; leaching
Plné texty jsou dostupné na vyžádání prostřednictvím repozitáře Akademie věd.
Metody úprav čistírenských kalů pro aplikaci v zemědělství s ohledem na mikropolutanty
Cílem předkládané metodiky je popsat možnosti úpravy čistírenských kalů kompostováním a pyrolýzou pro aplikaci v zemědělství, a to zejména s ohledem na tzv. mikropolutanty, ale i na konvenční ...
Galloping of insulated bundled overhead line - nonlinear numerical analysis in time domain
Macháček, Michael; Hračov, Stanislav
2024 - anglický
Our contribution focuses on a 3D numerical nonlinear analysis of galloping in a specific bundled overhead line with ice accretion. We studied the susceptibility to this self-excited oscillation, critical onset wind speeds, and global dynamic response of a very low-tensioned line with simulated icing observed on similar real conductors. Due to the highly nonlinear mechanical behavior of such a flexible cable, we employed the Newmark integration method combined with the iterative Newton-Raphson method. We analyzed two numerical models of the overhead line loaded by the wind: one assuming nonlinearity only in the wind load, while retaining the linearity of the mechanical system itself, and the other representing a fully nonlinear system including geometrical nonlinearity. Our analysis revealed that the determined critical wind speeds for the onset of galloping are in relatively close ranges for both models. However, numerical simulations with the fully nonlinear system indicated significantly lower amplitudes of limit cycle oscillations, especially at higher wind speeds, compared to the linear model of the line. This underscores the necessity of using fully nonlinear models during the design stage of such low-tensioned aerial conductors.
Klíčová slova:
aerial bundled conductors; wind effects; galloping; limit cycle oscillation
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Galloping of insulated bundled overhead line - nonlinear numerical analysis in time domain
Our contribution focuses on a 3D numerical nonlinear analysis of galloping in a specific bundled overhead line with ice accretion. We studied the susceptibility to this self-excited oscillation, ...
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