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Vertical Gradients of Atmospheric Aerosols Chemical Composition
Kovářík, Jiří
2024 - anglický
Concentration of chemical species chosen as markers for AA source apportionment are evaluated with regard to atmospheric conditions, seasonal and daily cycles and compared between the two heights. This work adds to the current state of general knowledge about AACC. Klíčová slova: vertical gradients; chemical composition; atmospheric aerosols Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Vertical Gradients of Atmospheric Aerosols Chemical Composition

Concentration of chemical species chosen as markers for AA source apportionment are evaluated with regard to atmospheric conditions, seasonal and daily cycles and compared between the two heights. ...

Kovářík, Jiří
Ústav chemických procesů, 2024

Cultivation of Limnospira Maxima and Utilization of its Fresh Biomass in Human Nutrition
Vásquez, Claudia
2024 - anglický
This project aims to fill this gap by presenting new insights into its consumption as an alternative to dried spirulina and offering recommendations\nfor safe storage. Klíčová slova: Limnospira maxima; dietary supplements; bioengineering Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Cultivation of Limnospira Maxima and Utilization of its Fresh Biomass in Human Nutrition

This project aims to fill this gap by presenting new insights into its consumption as an alternative to dried spirulina and offering recommendations\nfor safe storage.

Vásquez, Claudia
Ústav chemických procesů, 2024

Numerical evaluation of mass-diffusive compressible fluids flows models
Bodnár, Tomáš; Fraunié, P.
2024 - anglický
This contribution presents first numerical tests of some recently published alternative models for solution of viscous compressible and nearly incompressible models. All models are solved by high resolution compact finite difference scheme with strong stability preserving RungeKutta time stepping. The two simple but challenging computational test cases are presented, based on the double-periodic shear layer and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The obtained time-dependent flow fields are showing pronounced shear and vorticity layers being resolved by the standard as well as by the new mass-diffusive modified models. The preliminary results show that the new models are viable alternative to the well established classical models. Klíčová slova: compressible Navier-Stokes; nearly incompressible flow; mass diffusion; compact finite-difference Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Numerical evaluation of mass-diffusive compressible fluids flows models

This contribution presents first numerical tests of some recently published alternative models for solution of viscous compressible and nearly incompressible models. All models are solved by high ...

Bodnár, Tomáš; Fraunié, P.
Matematický ústav, 2024

Motion of fluids in the moving domain
Nečasová, Šárka
2024 - anglický
It is a survay paper where the problem of the existence of weak solutions of compressible barotropic solutions in a moving bounded domain is studied. Klíčová slova: compressible fluid; moving domain; weak solutions Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Motion of fluids in the moving domain

It is a survay paper where the problem of the existence of weak solutions of compressible barotropic solutions in a moving bounded domain is studied.

Nečasová, Šárka
Matematický ústav, 2024

Práce mimo pracoviště a hybridní práce
VÚBP
2024 - český
Zvýšená prevalence práce na dálku v důsledku pandemie covid-19 vedla ke zvýšenému zájmu o tuto formu organizace práce a její dopad na pohodu a zdraví zaměstnanců. Práci na dálku lze definovat jako jakýkoli typ uspořádání práce zahrnující používání osobních počítačů, chytrých telefonů, notebooků, softwarových balíčků a internetu k práci z domova nebo obecněji mimo pracoviště zaměstnavatele po většinu pracovní doby nebo její část. Klíčová slova: hybridní práce; práce na dálku; home office; remote work; hybrid work; home office Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL
Práce mimo pracoviště a hybridní práce

Zvýšená prevalence práce na dálku v důsledku pandemie covid-19 vedla ke zvýšenému zájmu o tuto formu organizace práce a její dopad na pohodu a zdraví zaměstnanců. Práci na dálku lze definovat jako ...

VÚBP
Výzkumný ústav bezpečnosti práce, v.v.i., 2024

Financial skills and search in the mortgage market
Cota, Marta; Šterc, Ante
2024 - anglický
Are households with low financial skills disadvantaged in the mortgage market? Using stochastic record linking, we construct a unique U.S. dataset encompassing a rich set of mortgage details and borrowers’ characteristics, including their objective financial literacy measure. We find that households with low financial literacy are up to 4% more likely to search less and lock in at 15-20 b.p. higher rates. Upon origination, unskilled borrowers face a 35-45% higher mortgage delinquency and end up with a 30% lower likelihood of refinancing. Overall, for a $100,000 loan, the potential losses from low financial literacy are more than $9,329 over the mortgage duration. To understand how financial education, more accessible mortgages, or mortgage rate changes affect households with low financial literacy, we formulate and calibrate a mortgage search model with heterogeneous search frictions and endogenous financial skills. Our model estimates show that search intensity and financial skill variations contribute to 55% and 10% of mortgage rate variations, respectively. We find that i) more accessible mortgages lead to a higher delinquency risk among low-skilled households, ii) financial education mitigates the adverse effects of increased accessibility, and iii) low mortgage rates favor high-skilled homeowners and, by reinforcing refinancing activity, deepen consumption differences across different financial skill levels. Klíčová slova: mortgage refinancing; mortgage search; financial skills Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Financial skills and search in the mortgage market

Are households with low financial skills disadvantaged in the mortgage market? Using stochastic record linking, we construct a unique U.S. dataset encompassing a rich set of mortgage details and ...

Cota, Marta; Šterc, Ante
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

Rizika reformy doktorského studia
Grosman, Jiří; Jurajda, Štěpán; Münich, Daniel
2024 - český
Systém financování doktorského studia v České republice je dlouhodobě neefektivní. Dokončovaná reforma má za cíl efektivitu systému výrazně zvýšit. V tomto krátkém textu upozorňujeme na potenciální problémy spojené s rozdělováním veřejné finanční podpory doktorského studia mezi vysoké školy. Problematické by bylo rozdělování podpory založené dominantně na míře úspěšného dokončování studií. Alokace veřejné podpory doktorského studia by vedle opodstatněných národních oborových priorit měla zohledňovat výsledky hodnocení kvality vědy na vysokých školách a úspěšnost v kariérním umisťování absolventů. The system of financing doctoral studies in the Czech Republic has long been inefficient. A reform currently underway aims to significantly increase the efficiency of the system. In this short text, we draw attention to potential problems associated with the distribution of public financial support for doctoral studies among universities. It would be problematic to distribute support based predominantly on degree completion rates. Allocation of public support for doctoral studies should take into account the results of evaluations of the quality of science produced by universities and their success in career placement of graduates, in addition to justifiable national disciplinary priorities. Klíčová slova: doctoral studies; public financial support; Czech Republic Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Rizika reformy doktorského studia

Systém financování doktorského studia v České republice je dlouhodobě neefektivní. Dokončovaná reforma má za cíl efektivitu systému výrazně zvýšit. V tomto krátkém textu upozorňujeme na potenciální ...

Grosman, Jiří; Jurajda, Štěpán; Münich, Daniel
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

Stochastic version of the arc-length method
Náprstek, Jiří; Fischer, Cyril
2024 - anglický
The solution of a nonlinear algebraic system using the incremental method, based on pre-defined loading steps, fails in the vicinity of local extrema as well as around bifurcation points. The solution involved the derivation of the so-called ’Arc-Length’ method. Its essence lies in not incrementing the system parameter or any of the independent variables but rather the length of the response curve. The stochastic variant of this method allows for working with a system where system parameters include random imperfections. This contribution presents a variant that tracks the first two stochastic moments. Even in this simple case, interesting phenomena can be observed, such as the disappearance of the energy barrier against equilibrium jump due to random imperfections in the system. Klíčová slova: random imperfection; stochastic arc-length method; continuation; numerical method Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Stochastic version of the arc-length method

The solution of a nonlinear algebraic system using the incremental method, based on pre-defined loading steps, fails in the vicinity of local extrema as well as around bifurcation points. The solution ...

Náprstek, Jiří; Fischer, Cyril
Ústav teoretické a aplikované mechaniky, 2024

Acoustic emission methods in steel bridge degradation identification and monitoring
Šorm, Filip
2024 - anglický
Acoustic emission methods proved to be an effective diagnostic tool in many industrial sectors. The potential of this method in the field of steel bridge diagnostics is explored in this article. The goal is to find the most effective use of this method. Klíčová slova: steel bridges; diagnostics; acoustic emission Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Acoustic emission methods in steel bridge degradation identification and monitoring

Acoustic emission methods proved to be an effective diagnostic tool in many industrial sectors. The potential of this method in the field of steel bridge diagnostics is explored in this article. The ...

Šorm, Filip
Ústav teoretické a aplikované mechaniky, 2024

Temoporfin-conjugated upconversion nanoparticles for NIR-induced photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer
Shapoval, Oleksandr; Větvička, D.; Kabešová, M.; Engstová, Hana; Horák, Daniel
2024 - anglický
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a clinically approved cancer treatment strategy, has the potential to cure pancreatic cancer with minimal side effects. PDT primarily uses visible wavelengths to directly activate hydrophobic photosensitizers, which may be insufficient for deep-seated cancer cells in clinical practice due to poor penetration. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) serve as an indirect excitation source to activate photosensitizers (PSs) in the NIR region, overcoming the limitations of molecular PSs such as hydrophobicity, non-specificity, and excitation in the UV/Vis region. Here, monodisperse upconversion NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+, Fe2+ nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been surface-engineered with poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) and temoporfin (mTHPC), a clinically used PDT prodrug, for near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered PDT of pancreatic cancer. The incorporation of Fe2+ ions into the particles increased the fluorescence intensity in the red region matching the activation wavelength of mTHPC. Covalent binding of mTHPC to the surface of UCNP@PMVEMA particles provided colloidally stable conjugates enabling generation of singlet oxygen. In vitro cytotoxicity and photodynamic activity of the particles were evaluated using INS-1E rat insulinoma and Capan-2 and PANC-01 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. The PDT efficacy of UCNP@PMVEMA-mTHPC conjugates after irradiation with 980 nm NIR light was tested in vivo in a pilot study on Capan-2 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma growing subcutaneously in athymic nude mice. The intratumoral administration of the nanoconjugates significantly hindered tumor growth and demonstrated promising PDT efficacy against human pancreatic cancer. Klíčová slova: photodynamic therapy; temoporfin; upconversion nanoparticles Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Temoporfin-conjugated upconversion nanoparticles for NIR-induced photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a clinically approved cancer treatment strategy, has the potential to cure pancreatic cancer with minimal side effects. PDT primarily uses visible wavelengths to directly ...

Shapoval, Oleksandr; Větvička, D.; Kabešová, M.; Engstová, Hana; Horák, Daniel
Ústav makromolekulární chemie, 2024

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