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Influence of recreational activities on the distribution of forest wild boar rooting
Drimaj, J.; Balková, M.; Špoula, J.; Kamler, J.; Mikulka, O.; Plhal, R.; Homolka, Miloslav
2023 - anglický
The wild boar is a widely distributed and locally very numerous animal. The same is true in the conditions of Central Europe. Outside the growing season, it concentrates in forests, where it also actively searches for food sources. During this activity, it disturbs the soil surface, thereby significantly affecting the dynamics of the ecosystem. From an economic point of view, it limits the natural renewal of tree species, but from an ecological point of view, it changes habitat conditions and thus helps to increase biodiversity. Factors influencing the distribution of rooting across forest stands may be different. In this paper, we focused on the human factor and its influence on the rooting activity of wild boar in the Hodonínská Dúbrava, National natural monuments.
Klíčová slova:
animal activity; disturbance; diversity; soil surface; wildlife
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Influence of recreational activities on the distribution of forest wild boar rooting
The wild boar is a widely distributed and locally very numerous animal. The same is true in the conditions of Central Europe. Outside the growing season, it concentrates in forests, where it also ...
Mortality of small animals on singletrails in Marianské údolí valley (Brno, Czech Republic)
Homolka, Miloslav; Mikulka, O.; Kamler, J.; Drimaj, J.; Plhal, R.
2021 - anglický
Singletrail areas became a part of tourist business all over the world. Cycling routes usually go through the natural environment, they are used especially in the summer and therefore are quite evident that small animals are killed on them. The submitted contribution indicates what effects have the traffic on the singletrail on small animals in the deciduous forest environment (Brno, Czech Republic). During singletrail traffic insects and small vertebrates were killed. The number of cadavers of individual species was relatively small on the trails (3800 individuals of insect and 51 of vertebrates one during 3 months on the 11 km of the route) and traffic most probably does not endanger the existence of any animal species at the local population level. Mostly the common species were perished on the trails, but individuals of specially protected and endangered species were also killed there (Calosoma sycophanta, Bombus spp., Anguis fragilis, Bufo bufo) so this fact should not be overlooked and underestimated. For ethical and educational reasons, the construction of new singletrail areas should be preceded by careful research of particular area in order to map the distribution of small animals and choose the route with regard to minimizing mortality, especially endangered species of fauna.
Klíčová slova:
Cadavers; Insects; Mountain bikers; Vertebrates; Wood
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Mortality of small animals on singletrails in Marianské údolí valley (Brno, Czech Republic)
Singletrail areas became a part of tourist business all over the world. Cycling routes usually go through the natural environment, they are used especially in the summer and therefore are quite ...
Influence of singletrails on wildlife distribution in the tourist attractive area of Mariánské údolí (Brno)
Drimaj, J.; Mikulka, O.; Kamler, J.; Plhal, R.; Homolka, Miloslav
2021 - anglický
The growing popularity of active movement in nature in the form of an adrenaline experience is the cause of the great expansion of singletrails. New singletrails are still being built with varying degrees of difficulty, and the density is thickening across the entire Czech Republic. This form of leisure time use is closely linked to the forest environment and the animals that occur in it. The cyclist usually moves very quickly along a narrow path through the forest and it is a question of how his disturbance will affect large mammals around the singletrails. For monitoring purposes, we selected four study areas (two with singletrails and two without singletrails) with the presence/absence of hiking paths where we observed the long-term influence of singletrails on the distribution and behaviour of common species of large mammals through animal marks. The results showed that where the roe deer was not disturbed, a balanced proportion of beds (places where the roe deer rested) and marking places (places that the roe deer marked) was recorded. However, in areas with disturbance in the form of tourists, far fewer beds were found than marking places. The presence of singletrails did not play a role in this.
Klíčová slova:
Cycling; Roe deer; Tourism; Wild boar; Wildlife behaviour
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Influence of singletrails on wildlife distribution in the tourist attractive area of Mariánské údolí (Brno)
The growing popularity of active movement in nature in the form of an adrenaline experience is the cause of the great expansion of singletrails. New singletrails are still being built with varying ...
Cycling and its influence on animal behavior
Mikulka, O.; Drimaj, J.; Plhal, R.; Homolka, Miloslav; Kamler, J.
2021 - anglický
In terms of impact on society, cycling brings a number of benefits, including the impact on mental and physical health, reducing emissions and the economy of target areas. With the growing popularity of this sport, it also brings negative effects, especially on natural ecosystems. Few studies point to the influence of wildlife behavior. At the same time, the results are important for use in the construction of cycle paths in nature and especially protected areas. The study deals with the influence of cycling of single-track cycling trails in the forest environment, on the spatial behavior of wildlife in a suburban locality, which is very intensively visited by humans. The study partially demonstrated the interfering effect on wildlife, which was detected through the distribution of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) signs. However, the nature of the environment, which affects the intensity of interference, plays an important role. The intensity of trail traffic had a small effect. The results of the study can serve as a basis for designing cycle paths for the future.
Klíčová slova:
Hiking; Nature conservation; Recreation; Wildlife
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Cycling and its influence on animal behavior
In terms of impact on society, cycling brings a number of benefits, including the impact on mental and physical health, reducing emissions and the economy of target areas. With the growing popularity ...
Settlement of the landscape with European beaver (Castor fiber) in relation to anthropogenic influences
Mikulka, O.; Patočka, Z.; Drimaj, J.; Kamler, J.; Plhal, R.; Homolka, Miloslav
2019 - anglický
The European beaver (Castor fiber) is a protected species in the Czech Republic that has spread to the whole of Moravia. Now, it is a common species whose competitor is only human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of human activity, especially tourism or transport, on the settlement of the landscape by the European Beaver. The area of the protected landscape area Litovelske Pomoravi was chosen to evaluate the settlement of the landscape by the beaver, where the beaver forms a stable population for a long time and the frequented cycling routes, hiking trails and the area are frequently visited by natural floodplain forests. The beaver settlement data were collected by means of the winter monitoring of residential stamps using the GPS system in 2017. Data on the location of cycle routes, hiking trails, human settlements and infrastructure were obtained from available GIS layers. Settlement of European beaver was evaluated in relation to the distance and intensity of interference by tourist activities, traffic or buildings. There were 200 km of watercourses in the monitored area. The inhabited beaver was 39% of the length. The beaver avoided human settlements, preferring the natural environment. The influence of tourism on the beaver settlement has not been proven.
Klíčová slova:
classification-system; habitat selection; population; landscape; protection species; recreation; infrastructure; colonization
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Settlement of the landscape with European beaver (Castor fiber) in relation to anthropogenic influences
The European beaver (Castor fiber) is a protected species in the Czech Republic that has spread to the whole of Moravia. Now, it is a common species whose competitor is only human. The aim of this ...
Seasonal dynamics of ergasilosis in reservoir fish
Jelínková, E.; Krechler, I.; Jurajda, Pavel; Papežíková, I.; Navrátil, S.; Marková, Z.; Kosour, D.; Palíková, M.
2016 - anglický
We evaluated ergasilosis seasonal dynamics at two reservoirs (Hubenov, Korycany) in the Morava River Basin (Czech Republic). Samples of fish were obtained at monthly intervals between April and October 2014. In total, 189 fish of 11 species were caught using electrofishing and seine nets. Highest overall values for E. sieboldi infection intensity and abundance were recorded at Hubenov in June and September. Prevalence ranged between 80 and 100%. Two highest peaks of infection intensity and abundance were recorded at Korycany in May and the second around September and October, prevalence ranging between 33 and 100%. As the nauplius and copepod stages of arthropods form part of the zooplankton assemblage, they will be found at highest numbers in reservoirs with low predatory pressure, i.e. where predatory fish suppress zooplanktonophagic fish species.
Klíčová slova:
Copepoda; parasite; Ergasilus sieboldi; arthropods; predatory pressure; biomanipulation
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Seasonal dynamics of ergasilosis in reservoir fish
We evaluated ergasilosis seasonal dynamics at two reservoirs (Hubenov, Korycany) in the Morava River Basin (Czech Republic). Samples of fish were obtained at monthly intervals between April and ...
Toxic effect of fluorescence pigment on zebra fish (Danio rerio)
Poštulková, E.; Mareš, J.; Halačka, Karel; Kopp, R.
2016 - anglický
The aim of the study was to determine the toxic effects of organic pigments Alizarin Red S and Alizarin Complexone on zebra fish (Danio rerio). For short-term acute toxicity tests on zebra fish concentration of 150; 300 and 600 mg/L were chosen for both dyes. Toxic effect of dyes was observed even in the variant with 10 g/L of sodium chloride. Addition of sodium chloride increases the deposition of dyes in the bone structures of the fish. LC50 values were analyzed graphically by using probit analysis. There was no mortality during the acute toxicity test with Alizarin Red S even at the highest concentration. Toxicity value (72hLC50) for zebra fish with a combination of Alizarin Red S + 10 g/L of sodium chloride is 546.42 mg/L. Mortality for Alizarin Complexone was 100% in 24 hours at\nconcentrations of 300 and 600 mg/L, with concentrations of 150 mg/L there was no mortality. In Alizarin Complexone supplemented with 10 g/L of sodium chloride was 100% mortality at all\nconcentrations up to 72 hours.
Klíčová slova:
Alizarin Red S; Alizarin Complexone; LC50; fish; marking
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Toxic effect of fluorescence pigment on zebra fish (Danio rerio)
The aim of the study was to determine the toxic effects of organic pigments Alizarin Red S and Alizarin Complexone on zebra fish (Danio rerio). For short-term acute toxicity tests on zebra fish ...
Identification of parentage in chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) from NP Gran Paradiso
Poláková, Radka
2013 - anglický
We analysed 47 faecal samples of chamois (32 samples of kids and 15 samples of females). The remaining DNA samples comprised 28 tissue samples of males and other females. Tissue samples were stored in 96% ethanol and faecal samples were placed straight into silicagel. DNA from faecal and tissue samples was extracted using commercial kits. Parentage was determined using the likelihood-based approach in CERVUS 3.0 and these results were confirmed by the program ML-Relate. We found parentage in the case of seven males that sired ten kids.
Klíčová slova:
paternity analysis; microsatellites; Rupicapra rupicapra; conservation genetic
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Identification of parentage in chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) from NP Gran Paradiso
We analysed 47 faecal samples of chamois (32 samples of kids and 15 samples of females). The remaining DNA samples comprised 28 tissue samples of males and other females. Tissue samples were stored in ...
Multilocus phylogeny of Sciurini tree squirrels
Pečnerová, P.; Martínková, Natália
2012 - anglický
Phylogenetic relationships inside the tribe Sciurini produce conflict between older morphological research and modern molecular studies. We provided a detailed phylogenetic analysis by incorporating eight loci and various methods of data processing. We used prevailing and user-friendly software packages (Geneious, BioEdit, MrBayes, ModelTest). Evolutionary history of Sciurini squirrels was examined by means of Bayesian inference of concatenated data set and six supertree construction methods. The concatenated data and supertrees generated by SuperTriplets, modified MinCut, standard MRP and veto supertree (without source tree correction) yielded similar results with taxa grouped according to their zoogeographic distribution. The genus Tamiasciurus formed a separate evolutionary lineage at the base of our trees and the other taxa gradually diverged into Palaearctic/Indomalayan, Nearctic and Neotropical groups. The other used methods, MinCut, Purvis-MRP and veto (with source tree correction) showed deviations from this pattern.
Klíčová slova:
phylogeny; supermatrix; supertree; squirrels
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Multilocus phylogeny of Sciurini tree squirrels
Phylogenetic relationships inside the tribe Sciurini produce conflict between older morphological research and modern molecular studies. We provided a detailed phylogenetic analysis by incorporating ...
Reconstructing phylogeny from patchy data of rodents
Martínková, Natália; Moravec, J.
2012 - anglický
To reveal phylogeny of sparsely sequenced taxa, standard methods could not be successfully used due to patchy character of data and new methods had to be developed. We summarize such methods and present their funcionality on phylogeny of Arvicolini voles. Analyzing tree space with terraces, we have found that supermatrix approach is superior to supertree approach in extracting signal from data and determining a resolved and well-supported phylogeny. The most widely used program from Bayesian phylogeny inference fails to determine the correct lengths of branches in a large supermatrix with a lot of missing data, it still successfully determines the true tree topology.
Klíčová slova:
phylogeny; supermatrix; supertree; arvicolini; Bayesian inference
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Reconstructing phylogeny from patchy data of rodents
To reveal phylogeny of sparsely sequenced taxa, standard methods could not be successfully used due to patchy character of data and new methods had to be developed. We summarize such methods and ...
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