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Application of hydrodynamic cavitation in brewing
Štěrba, Jiří
2023 - English
The aim of this work is to apply these advantages in the brewery industry. In the field of beer brewing, we would like to investigate several phenomenona, such as the isomerization of bitter hop acids, the reduction of gluten concentration or the cell-walls breakdown.
Keywords:
brewery industry; hydrodynamic cavitation; experiments
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Application of hydrodynamic cavitation in brewing
The aim of this work is to apply these advantages in the brewery industry. In the field of beer brewing, we would like to investigate several phenomenona, such as the isomerization of bitter hop ...
Intercomparison of boundary layer and mixing layer height from models and ground-based measurements
Julaha, Kajal
2023 - English
In this study, we found that the boundary layer height tends to belower in ERA5 and timing for the daily peak also appears to differ\nas compared to ceilometer boundary layer data. In contrast, the ERA5 boundary layer observation was found to agree well with the mixing layer height obtained from the ceilometer. Whereas in comparison to HYSPLIT, GFS and GDAS, observations were found to agree well with ceilometer data while Reanalysis underestimated mixing layer height throughout the year. The seasonal changes in the boundary/mixing layer height were well captured by both models and the ceilometer.
Keywords:
planetary boundary layer; air pollution; measurements
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Intercomparison of boundary layer and mixing layer height from models and ground-based measurements
In this study, we found that the boundary layer height tends to belower in ERA5 and timing for the daily peak also appears to differ\nas compared to ceilometer boundary layer data. In contrast, the ...
INTRODUCTION TO PRAGUE AEROSOL CALIBRATION CENTER
Ondráček, Jakub; Roztočil, Petr
2023 - English
In general, the PACC offers a range of services, from calibration and consulting to methodology and technical development. Furthermore, the PACC has the capacity to organize and perform training for microphysical (including optical in the near future) aerosol in-situ instrumentation. The equipment at the PACC is fully in-line with the state of-the-art aerosol instrumentation (starting from various aerosol generators for welldefined nanoparticles, reference instruments, and newly designed calibration lines) and the laboratory space is flexible for various types of instrument calibration/verification/intercomparison or testing of newly developed, cutting-edge equipment.
Keywords:
calibration laboratory; ACTRIS; CPC
Available in a digital repository NRGL
INTRODUCTION TO PRAGUE AEROSOL CALIBRATION CENTER
In general, the PACC offers a range of services, from calibration and consulting to methodology and technical development. Furthermore, the PACC has the capacity to organize and perform training for ...
PM1 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: MULTI-ANNUAL AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE DISTIRBUTION OBSERVATION AT PERI-URBAN ATMOSPHERIC SITE ATOLL
Suchánková, Lenka; Bourrianne, E.; De Fillipi, R.; De Brito, J.F.; Riffault, V.; Prokeš, R.; Holoubek, I.; Ždímal, Vladimír; Crumeyrolle, S.
2023 - English
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) belong to short-lived climate forcers with high spatial and temporal variability. Although the radiative effects of AA are greatest on regional scales, changes in aerosol emissions can induce long-term global climate effects (Szopa et al., 2021). Thus, the measurement of aerosol properties is essential for better understanding of aerosol’s impact on health and climate. Although several international projects and platforms have been monitoring AA properties worldwide (GAW, WMO, ACTRIS, EMEP, EUCAARI, etc., Pandolfi et al., 2018), only PM10 or PM2.5 cutoff sizes have been used for measurements, and information about PM1 particles is missing. The aim of this study is to present aerosol scattering properties with supporting data of absorption and particle number size distribution in PM1 in years 2018-2022 at peri-urban atmospheric site Atmospheric Observations in LiLLE (ATOLL) in Lille, France. This study is the first to present results dedicated to aerosol scattering properties at this site.
Keywords:
scattering coefficient; nephelometer; fossil fuel and biomass burning contribution
Available in a digital repository NRGL
PM1 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: MULTI-ANNUAL AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE DISTIRBUTION OBSERVATION AT PERI-URBAN ATMOSPHERIC SITE ATOLL
Atmospheric aerosols (AA) belong to short-lived climate forcers with high spatial and temporal variability. Although the radiative effects of AA are greatest on regional scales, changes in aerosol ...
Recycling of solar photovoltaic panels
Šperlich, Antonín
2023 - Czech
Long-term trends show an increasing installed capacity of solar photovoltaic power plants. However, this is also associated with a large production of discarded panels. It is estimated that by 2050 there will be between 60 and 80 million tonnes of waste panels worldwide. Such large amounts of waste can be an \ninteresting source of valuable materials, but also need to be recycled for environmental reasons. The aim of this paper is to describe the possibilities of recycling panels and using them to build a real recycling line. Dlouhodobé trendy ukazují zvyšující se instalovanou kapacitu solárních fotovoltaických elektráren. S tím je však také spojena velká produkce vyřazených panelů. Odhadované množství odpadních panelů se předpokládá mezi 60 a 80 miliony tun celosvětově okolo roku 2050. Takto velké objemy odpadů mohou tvořit zajímavý zdroj cenných látek, ale také nutnost recyklace kvůli životnímu prostředí. Příspěvek má za cíl popsat možnosti recyklace panelů a jejich využití ke stavbě reálné recyklační linky.
Keywords:
recycling; solar photovoltaic panels; technology design
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Recycling of solar photovoltaic panels
Long-term trends show an increasing installed capacity of solar photovoltaic power plants. However, this is also associated with a large production of discarded panels. It is estimated that by 2050 ...
Feasibility study: Hg removal technology using electrochemical methods - large unit and its comparison with alternative technology
Zach, Boleslav; Veselý, Václav; Šyc, Michal; Puchýř, R.; Foltýn, M.; Přemyslovský, P.; Pařízek, V.
2023 - Czech
In the introductory chapters, an introduction to the technology for Hg capture from combustion processes using electrochemical methods (membrane electrolyzer)and the design of a unit with capacity applicable to a typical power plant unit was made. This technology has not fully demonstrated its effectiveness from laboratory tests in semi-operational trials. These findings have been taken into account in the design of the unit for a larger power plant, therefore the design considers the use of more units in parallel, which places demands on the built-up space. The number of units used and the size of the built-up area is then matched by the high cost of the investment. Although this is a technology that does not consume any chemicals or sorbents - only electricity - it is an investment and operationally expensive technology, as can be seen from the comparison with alternative technologies. A comparison of the investment costs and cumulative expenditure (investment, reinvestment, maintenance and operating costs) for the electrochemical technology with electrolyzer and the two alternative technologies shows that if the economic aspect alone is the decisive criterion for the choice of technology, the technology of dosing Na2S solution into the scrubber absorber solution for flue gas treatment clearly comes out best at current prices. V úvodních kapitolách bylo provedeno seznámení s technologií pro záchyt Hg ze spalovacích procesů pomocí elektrochemických metod (membránový elektrolyzér), návrh jednotky kapacitně použitelné pro typický elektrárenský blok. Tato technologie při poloprovozních zkouškách plně neprokázala účinnost z laboratorních testů. Tyto poznatky byly zohledněný při návrhu jednotky pro větší elektrárenské zařízení, proto je v návrhu uvažováno s použitím více \nparalelně řazených jednotek, což klade nároky na zastavěný prostor. Počtu použitých jednotek a velikost zastavěného prostoru pak odpovídá i vysoká cena investice. Jedná se sice o technologii, která nespotřebovává žádné chemikálie ani sorbenty – pouze elektrickou energii, ale jedná se o technologii investičně i provozně nákladnou, jak plyne ze srovnání s alternativními technologiemi. Ze srovnání investiční nákladů a kumulovaných výdajů (investice, reinvestice, údržba a provozní náklady) pro technologii na základě elektrochemické metody s elektrolyzérem a dvě alternativní technologie je patrné, že pokud bude rozhodujícím kritériem pro volbu technologie pouze ekonomické hledisko, vychází jednoznačně při současných cenách nejlépe technologie dávkování roztoku Na2S do pracího roztoku absorbéru pro čištění spalin.\n
Keywords:
electroseparation technology; mercury; flue gas; wet desulfurization
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Feasibility study: Hg removal technology using electrochemical methods - large unit and its comparison with alternative technology
In the introductory chapters, an introduction to the technology for Hg capture from combustion processes using electrochemical methods (membrane electrolyzer)and the design of a unit with capacity ...
Preparation of monolayer and multilayer MoS2 catalysts for decoposition of H2S
Kaluža, Luděk; Zdražil, Miroslav; Gulková, Daniela; Soukup, Karel
2023 - Czech
Monolayer catalyst MoS2/Al2O3 and multilayer (crystalline) catalysts MoS2/Al2O3 and MoS2/TiO2 were prepared. The basic structural-textural parameters of the catalysts were determined by N2 physisorption and X-ray diffraction analysis. Byl připraven monovrstevný katalyzátor MoS2/Al2O3 a vícevrstevné (krystalické) katalyzátory MoS2/Al2O3 a MoS2/TiO2. Byly stanoveny základní strukturně-texturní parametry katalyzátorů fyzisorpcí N2 a roentgenovou difrakční analýzou.
Keywords:
MoS2 monolayer; crystalline MoS; Al2O3; TiO2
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Preparation of monolayer and multilayer MoS2 catalysts for decoposition of H2S
Monolayer catalyst MoS2/Al2O3 and multilayer (crystalline) catalysts MoS2/Al2O3 and MoS2/TiO2 were prepared. The basic structural-textural parameters of the catalysts were determined by N2 ...
Detailed Investigation of Human Galectins -1 and -3 by employing selectively deoxyfluorinated N-acetyllactosamines
Kurfiřt, Martin
2023 - English
This work is focused on a detailed investigation of supramolecular recognition events between human galectins -1 and -3 and monodeoxyfluorinated N-acetyllactosamine probes, which were previously prepared in our laboratory. The recognition was studied using a combination of X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry and several advanced NMR techniques, such as 19F T2-filter, 1H–1H STD, 1H–15N CSP or 19F EXSY. These techniques provided insight into the thermodynamics and kinetics of recognition and enabled us to uncover of subtle differences between both investigated galectins. Such differences could be potentially exploited in the selective targeting of individual galectins with important implications for the galectins-focused\npharmaceutic industry.
Keywords:
galectins; NMR techniques; pharmaceutic industry
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Detailed Investigation of Human Galectins -1 and -3 by employing selectively deoxyfluorinated N-acetyllactosamines
This work is focused on a detailed investigation of supramolecular recognition events between human galectins -1 and -3 and monodeoxyfluorinated N-acetyllactosamine probes, which were previously ...
The electrodiffusional theory for wall shear stress measurement by a two-strip probe: a journey to near-wall region hydrodynamics
Harrandt, Václav
2023 - English
This contribution deals with a new theory describing mass transport in the vicinity of the measuring two-segment strip probe. Analytical formulas for the mass transfer coefficients of the front and the rear electrodes were derived. At the same time, the correctness of these formulas was confirmed by the numerical solution of the convectiondiffusion transport equation.
Keywords:
transport phenomena; electrodes; wall shear stress
Available in a digital repository NRGL
The electrodiffusional theory for wall shear stress measurement by a two-strip probe: a journey to near-wall region hydrodynamics
This contribution deals with a new theory describing mass transport in the vicinity of the measuring two-segment strip probe. Analytical formulas for the mass transfer coefficients of the front and ...
(IN)DEPENDENCE OF AEROSOL ACTIVATION ON CLOUD POSITION
Zíková, Naděžda; Pokorná, Petra; Sedlák, Pavel; Sokol, Zbyněk; Ždímal, Vladimír
2023 - Czech
Five in situ campaigns focused on aerosol-cloud interactions were conducted at Mount Milešovka in the Czech Republic to gain more insight into aerosol activation and its dependence on meteorological parameters, mainly vertical air velocity and position within the cloud. The activated fraction was calculated from the difference of concentrations measured behind the whole air inlet and the PM2.5 inlet. The liquid water content (LWC) was calculated from visibility, cloud base position was estimated from ceilometer data. Vertical air velocity was estimated from cloud radar. No strong dependence was found between visibility and vertical velocity, suggesting that the clouds at the station are mostly of advection or inversion origin. Both visibility and LWC depend on the position within the cloud, with the highest LWC values found when the station was between 100 and 400 m above the cloud base, independently of the actual value. Na hoře Milešovka v České republice bylo provedeno pět in situ kampaní zaměřených na interakci aerosolu s oblakem, jejichž cílem bylo získat více informací o aktivaci aerosolu a její závislosti na meteorologických parametrech, především vertikální rychlosti proudění vzduchu a poloze v oblaku. Aktivovaná frakce byla vypočtena z rozdílu koncentrací naměřených za vtokem celého vzduchu a za vtokem PM2,5 . Obsah kapalné vody (LWC) byl vypočten z dohlednosti, poloha základny mraku byla odhadnuta z údajů ceilometru. Vertikální rychlost proudění vzduchu byla odhadnuta z radarového měření oblačnosti. Nebyla zjištěna žádná silná závislost mezi dohledností a vertikální rychlostí, což naznačuje, že oblačnost na stanici je většinou advekčního nebo inverzního původu. Viditelnost i LWC závisí na poloze v oblaku, přičemž nejvyšší hodnoty LWC byly zjištěny, když se stanice nacházela ve výšce 100 až 400 m nad základnou oblaku, nezávisle na skutečné hodnotě.
Keywords:
atmospheric aerosols; activation; cloud base
Available in a digital repository NRGL
(IN)DEPENDENCE OF AEROSOL ACTIVATION ON CLOUD POSITION
Five in situ campaigns focused on aerosol-cloud interactions were conducted at Mount Milešovka in the Czech Republic to gain more insight into aerosol activation and its dependence on meteorological ...
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