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Women in child care: full parental leave vs. earlier return to work
Tubert, Anna; Šestořád, Tomáš; Čermáková, Klára
2017 - English
This thesis focuses on the factual time spent by Czech and Russian mothers on maternity and parental leaves, and analyses factors leading women for certain decision-making about the length of leave. In the following work, I analyse cross-sectional data portraying responses of a questionnaire filled up by 106 Russian and 102 Czech mothers. Theoretical approach on similarities and differences of attitude towards womens role in modern society between the two countries shows, that social and economic status of the family is the main determinant of the length of parental leave. Econometric analysis conducted in my work highlights, that willingness to stay with a child is the main motive to prolong parental leave for women from both countries. Greater importance placed on the supply of preschool facilities reduces the time spent on parental leave. Both Czech and Russian governments can affect the factual length of parental leave by regulating the supply of part-time job and the supply of preschool facilities, therefore, government is a significant regulator of the total time spent on parental leave. Tato práce se zabývá faktickou délkou mateřské a rodičovské dovolené v České republice a Ruské federaci a analyzuje faktory ovlivňující přijetí konkrétního rozhodnutí o délce dovolené. V této práci je provedena analýza průřezových dat získaných pomocí dotazníku, na který odpovědělo 106 ruských a 102 českých žen. Teoretický přístup k rozdílnostem názorů na roli žen v moderní společnosti ve sledovaných zemích poukazuje na skutečnost, že sociální a ekonomický status rodiny je nejdůležitějším determinantem délky rodičovské dovolené. Ekonometrická analýza ukazuje touhu být s dítětem doma jako hlavní motiv k prodloužení rodičovské dovolené pro ženy v obou zemích. Naopak větší nabídka služeb hlídání dětí snižuje množství času stráveného na rodičovské dovolené. Jak česká, tak i ruská vláda mohou ovlivnit faktickou délku rodičovské dovolené pomocí regulací nabídky práce na částečný úvazek a nabídky předškolních zařízení. Proto je vláda významným regulátorem celkového času stráveného na rodičovské dovolené.
Keywords:
vládní politiky; Česká republika; rodičovská dovolená; Ruská federace; mateřská dovolená; government policies; parental leave; maternity leave; Russian Federation; Czech Republic
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
Women in child care: full parental leave vs. earlier return to work
This thesis focuses on the factual time spent by Czech and Russian mothers on maternity and parental leaves, and analyses factors leading women for certain decision-making about the length of leave. ...
New Trends in Cloud Computing
Štefániková, Victoria; Matuštík, Ondřej; Böhmová, Lucie
2017 - English
The bachelor thesis deals with the latest trends in SaaS. The main aim of this thesis is to explore, evaluate and analyze new trends in Cloud Computing based on theoretical knowledge. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on defining the very concept of Cloud Computing and brings the reader more detailed overview of terms related to this topic. This part of the bachelor thesis also deals with an issue around trends in Cloud Computing. The practical part focuses more closely on trends in the Cloud, specifically on trends in SaaS.This part is devided into three chapters, where the first chapter discusses the current state of Cloud Computing, the second chapter focuses on the most disruptive technologies that are predicted to change the cloud around SaaS in the future. The final chapter is an analysis of the most likely SaaS trends in the future. After reading the bachelor thesis, the reader will be familiar with the current situation of Cloud and will get an overview of the latest and predicted trends in SaaS. Bakalářská práce se zabývá nejnovějšími trendy v oblasti SaaS. Hlavním cílem práce je prozkoumat, analyzovat a vyhodnotit nové trendy v cloud computingu. Teoretická část práce se zaměřuje na definici samotné koncepce cloud computingu a přináší čtenáři podrobný přehled pojmů souvisejících s danou tématikou. Tato část bakalářské práce také přibližuje problematiku trendů v oblasti cloud computingu. Praktická část práce konkrétněji pokrývá téma trendů v cloudu a to hlavně trendy v oblasti SaaS. Tato část je rozdělena do tří kapitol, kde první přibližuje současný stav cloud computingu, druhá se zaměřuje na technologie, které v největší míře ovlivní budoucnost SaaS. Poslední kapitola je analýzou nejpravděpodobnějších a nejvíce skloňovaných budoucích trendů v oblasti SaaS. Po přečtení bakalářské práce bude čtenář seznámen se současným situací cloud computingu a získá přehled o nejnovějších a předpokládaných trendech v SaaS.
Keywords:
trendy; cloud; SaaS; cloud computing; Cloud Computing; Cloud; SaaS; Trends
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
New Trends in Cloud Computing
The bachelor thesis deals with the latest trends in SaaS. The main aim of this thesis is to explore, evaluate and analyze new trends in Cloud Computing based on theoretical knowledge. The theoretical ...
Tax avoidance and Credit Rating association
Orlova, Daria; Watrin, Christoph; Molín, Jan
2017 - English
In this research, I present the analysis of the relationship between credit rating and tax avoidance. I found out that the lower the cash effective tax rate the stronger the association with credit rating. Sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of falling into more favorable credit rating category is increases and the probability of falling into less favorable category decreases if cash effective tax rate increases at least by 1%. Also, the negative association between book-tax differences and credit rating found. In this research, I present the analysis of the relationship between credit rating and tax avoidance. I found out that the lower the cash effective tax rate the stronger the association with credit rating. Sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of falling into more favorable credit rating category is increases and the probability of falling into less favorable category decreases if cash effective tax rate increases at least by 1%. Also, the negative association between book-tax differences and credit rating found.
Keywords:
Tax avoidance; Credit rating; Book-tax differences; Cash effective tax rate; Book-tax differences; Ta avoidance; Credit rating; Cash effective tax rate
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
Tax avoidance and Credit Rating association
In this research, I present the analysis of the relationship between credit rating and tax avoidance. I found out that the lower the cash effective tax rate the stronger the association with credit ...
The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Income Inequality in Selected Countries of Latin America
Urbanová, Anna; Maialeh, Robin; Slaný, Martin
2017 - English
The region of Latin America remains the most unequal in the world, despite the downward trend of last years. The negative socioeconomic impact of high income inequality has been examined and proved by many studies. The difference between inequality rates in Latin America and more equalitarian countries is much bigger when regarding income after taxes and transfers, which follows that the source of persisting high rates of unequal income distribution might be found in ineffective fiscal policy. This thesis examines the assumed impact of implemented fiscal policy on level of income inequality for four Latin American countries (Mexico, Brazil, Chile and Colombia). In the theoretical part, theoretical background for income inequality and fiscal policy is covered. The practical part includes analysis of development of income inequality, public expenditures and tax revenues in these countries from 1992 to 2012. Subsequently, regression model proves a significant negative impact of public health expenditures on income inequality in case of Mexico, Brazil and Chile. Public spending on education is found effective in reduction of income inequality in Brazil, however in case of Chile an increase in public spending on education seems to increase unequal distribution of income among households. Main finding of this thesis is that when efficiently targeted, fiscal policies aimed at increasing expenditure on health and education systems are likely to serve as effective measures of reduction of unequal income distribution. Navzdory klesajícímu trendu posledních let, Latinská Amerika zůstává nejvíce nerovným světovým regionem. Negativní socioekonomické dopady vysoké příjmové nerovnosti byly rozebrány a potvrzeny mnoha studiemi. Rozdíl mezi mírou příjmové nerovnosti v Latinské Americe a více rovnostářskými zeměmi se výrazně zmenší, bereme-li v úvahu příjem po zahrnutí daní a transferů. Z toho vyplývá, že kořeny přetrvávající vysoké míry příjmové nerovnosti můžeme hledat v neefektivní fiskální politice vlád. Tato práce se zabývá předpokládaným vlivem prováděných fiskálních politik na výši příjmové nerovnosti ve čtyřech latinskoamerických zemích: Mexiku, Brazílii, Chile a Kolumbii. Teoretická část poskytuje teoretické základy příjmové nerovnosti a fiskální politiky. Praktická část zahrnuje analýzu vývoje příjmové nerovnosti, veřejných výdajů a daňových příjmu státu pro tyto země během let 1992 až 2012. Následný regresní model potvrzuje statisticky signifikantní negativní vliv veřejných výdajů na zdravotní systém na příjmovou nerovnost pro Mexiko, Brazílii a Chile. Veřejné výdaje na školství se v případe Brazílie taktéž jeví jako efektivní nástroj pro snižování nerovného rozdělení příjmů. Naopak, v případě Chile se zdá, že výdaje na vzdělání příjmovou nerovnost zvyšují. Hlavním závěrem vyplývajícím z této práce je fakt, že fiskální politika zaměřená na zvyšování výdajů na vzdělání a zdraví může sloužit jako nástroj ke snižování příjmové nerovnosti, je ovšem nezbytné, aby bylo financování efektivně zaměřeno.
Keywords:
fiskální politika; Latinská Amerika; příjmová nerovnost; Gini index; veřejné výdaje; Gini index; fiscal policy; Latin America; income inequality; public expenditure
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Income Inequality in Selected Countries of Latin America
The region of Latin America remains the most unequal in the world, despite the downward trend of last years. The negative socioeconomic impact of high income inequality has been examined and proved by ...
Cognitive Bias Mitigation: How to make business decision-making more rational?
Kučera, Tomáš; Cingl, Lubomír; Potužák, Pavel
2017 - English
The thesis is concerned with cognitive biases, especially with confirmation bias, and with various approaches to their mitigation. It elaborates on three main categories of debiasing strategies, namely increasing incentives, adjusting the environment in order to avoid or offset the bias, and training people in recognizing the situations in which a bias occurs and in mitigating the effects of the bias. An experiment in which the patterns of information selection and the effects of a debiasing training were investigated is reported. The results show that participants exhibited confirmation bias both in the selection of information and in the information processing, and that debiasing training effectively decreased the level of confirmation bias by 33 % at the 5% significance level. The debiasing training took the form of a short video which included information about confirmation bias and its impact on judgement, and mitigation strategies. Tato práce se zabývá kognitivními zkresleními, zejména pak konfirmačním zkreslením, a různými přístupy k jejich zmírňování. Práce rozebírá tři hlavní kategorie strategií pro zmírňování kognitivních zkreslení, a sice zvyšování pobídek, nastavení okolního prostředí za účelem vyhnutí se nebo vyvážení zkreslení, a trénování lidí, aby byli schopni rozpoznat situace, ve kterých se zkreslení může projevit a aby byli schopni jeho efekty zmírnit. V práci je popsán experiment, který zkoumal, jaké typy informací si lidé vybírají a jaké jsou dopady tréninku na zmírnění zkreslení. Výsledky ukazují, že konfirmační zkreslení se projevilo jak ve výběru informací, tak při jejich zpracování a že trénink efektivně snížil úroveň konfirmačního zkreslení o 33 % na 5% hladině významnosti. Trénink pro zmírnění zkreslení byl ve formě krátkého videa, které zahrnovalo informace o konfirmačním zkreslení, o jeho dopadu na úsudek a také vysvětlovalo mitigační strategie.
Keywords:
debiasing; mitigace konfirmačního zkreslení; konfirmační zkreslení; kognitivní zkreslení; Behaviorální ekonomie; mitigace kognitivního zkreslení; confirmation bias; confirmation bias mitigation; cognitive bias mitigation; cognitive bias; Behavioural economics; debiasing
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
Cognitive Bias Mitigation: How to make business decision-making more rational?
The thesis is concerned with cognitive biases, especially with confirmation bias, and with various approaches to their mitigation. It elaborates on three main categories of debiasing strategies, ...
Creation of personal visual identity for grafic letterer
Ulyanova, Elizaveta; Khabirova, Maja; Phung, Hyu Nghia
2017 - English
In this bachelors thesis, I decided to focus on the topic of personal branding. The aim of this work is to propose a visual identity for me as for a lettering artist.(letterer) The magnitude of personal branding for freelance designers is thoroughly discussed in the introductory part. Corporate and personal branding and the differences between them are defined in the theoretical part. Knowledge gained early is subsequently applied to use in the next part. The practical part is split into different sections. Those sections describe creation process for logo design, personal website and its simpler version for mobile users, business cards and resume. I presented a way for designing your own personal branding that will prove beneficial for freelancers. The most important result of my thesis is a creation of personal branding that is essential for achieving better results in my field. V této práci jsem se zaměřila na problematiku osobního vizuálního stylu. Cílem moje práce je návrh takového stylu pro sebe jako designera-letteristy. V úvodu bakalářské práce je popsána důležitost osobního vizuálního stylu u jednotlivců, pracujících samostatně. V teoretické části jsou charakterizovány a odlišeny pojmy firemní a osobní styl. Následně byly aplikovány dosažené znalosti. Praktická část je rozdělená do jednotlivých podkapitol, ve kterých je důkladně popsán proces tvorby loga pro designera-letteristu, vizitek, layoutu vlastního webu (desktopové i mobilní verze) a resumé. Popsala jsem detailně model tvorby osobního vizuálního stylu, který bude užitečným podkladem pro jednotlivce na volné noze. Za hlavní výsledek svojí práce považuju to, že jsem si vytvořila osobní vizuální styl pro sebe, jako designera-letteristu, což je nezbytné pro dosažení lepších výsledků v mé profesionální činnosti.
Keywords:
osobní branding; firemní identita; logotyp; lettering; vizuální styl; grafický design; Corporate Design; graphic design; Corporate Identity; lettering; personal branding; logotype
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
Creation of personal visual identity for grafic letterer
In this bachelors thesis, I decided to focus on the topic of personal branding. The aim of this work is to propose a visual identity for me as for a lettering artist.(letterer) The magnitude of ...
International Organizations and Their National Branches: The Case of UNICEF and the Slovak National Committee for UNICEF
Halabrínová, Michaela; Dvořáková, Vladimíra; Vymětal, Petr
2017 - English
Since its establishment, UNICEF has been providing development and humanitarian aid in various regions of the world. Firstly, the aid was given to regions damaged by the Second World War. Nowadays, the aid is given to regions hit by natural disasters, wars, famine or diseases. In 2016, UNICEF celebrated 70th anniversary of its existence. In order to maintain its worldwide scope of performance for such a long time, it created a top-bottom organizational structure, from which a top is represented by the headquarter composed of the Executive Board with member states, the Bureau and the Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board. The bottom is represented by field offices and the National Committees for UNICEF, which directly implement the programs and initiatives of UNICEF, and ensure fundraising activities. On the other hand, they provide the top with feedbacks about carried projects and actual situations from their countries. The linking part between the top and the bottom of the organizational structure are regional offices and external committees across UNICEF, such as the Division of Private Fundraising and Partnership (PFP). PFP also manages relationships between UNICEF and the National Committees for UNICEF, which are autonomous nongovernmental organizations. The relation between UNICEF and the National Committees for UNICEF offers a unique example of how an international organization can manage its work. The case-study of the Slovak Committee for UNICEF portrayed more specifically how UNICEF coordinates its work within its structures and why it is a unique example. Furthermore, the case-study focused on answering if and to what extend are the activities of the Slovak Committee for UNICEF influenced by the national environment with its specifics and conditions. From another perspective, it focused on answering if the Slovak Committee can apply its own approaches toward its activities or it must follow general approaches settled by UNICEF. Since its establishment, UNICEF has been providing development and humanitarian aid in various regions of the world. Firstly, the aid was given to regions damaged by the Second World War. Nowadays, the aid is given to regions hit by natural disasters, wars, famine or diseases. In 2016, UNICEF celebrated 70th anniversary of its existence. In order to maintain its worldwide scope of performance for such a long time, it created a top-bottom organizational structure, from which a top is represented by the headquarter composed of the Executive Board with member states, the Bureau and the Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board. The bottom is represented by field offices and the National Committees for UNICEF, which directly implement the programs and initiatives of UNICEF, and ensure fundraising activities. On the other hand, they provide the top with feedbacks about carried projects and actual situations from their countries. The linking part between the top and the bottom of the organizational structure are regional offices and external committees across UNICEF, such as the Division of Private Fundraising and Partnership (PFP). PFP also manages relationships between UNICEF and the National Committees for UNICEF, which are autonomous nongovernmental organizations. The relation between UNICEF and the National Committees for UNICEF offers a unique example of how an international organization can manage its work. The case-study of the Slovak Committee for UNICEF portrayed more specifically how UNICEF coordinates its work within its structures and why it is a unique example. Furthermore, the case-study focused on answering if and to what extend are the activities of the Slovak Committee for UNICEF influenced by the national environment with its specifics and conditions. From another perspective, it focused on answering if the Slovak Committee can apply its own approaches toward its activities or it must follow general approaches settled by UNICEF.
Keywords:
Non-governmental Organizations; National Committees for UNICEF; International Organizations; Slovak Committee for UNICEF; United Nations International Children's Fund; National Committees for UNICEF; United Nations International Children's Fund; Non-governmental Organizations; Slovak Committee for UNICEF; International Organizations
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
International Organizations and Their National Branches: The Case of UNICEF and the Slovak National Committee for UNICEF
Since its establishment, UNICEF has been providing development and humanitarian aid in various regions of the world. Firstly, the aid was given to regions damaged by the Second World War. Nowadays, ...
Urban planning - Metropolitan plan of the capital city of Prague
Volfová, Adéla; Vymětal, Petr; Lisa, Aleš
2017 - English
Urban planning form the space occupied by people, but their participation ratio is low. In spite of the fact that they can be concerned in city planning for example to be engaged in interest group, that could affect it. The thesis aim the question of the affect on the process of making Prague Land Use Plan (Metropolitan plan). The theoretical part defines the detailed explanation of the city planning and presents project submission of Metropolitan plan, and also set the context. In the practical part of the thesis the urban agents and their interests are charactised. The process of urban planning is influenced by three obligatory urban agents - the public, the interest groups and the political representation. The conclusion of this work is setting the way of affecting and their classification. Územní plánování přímo formuje prostor, ve kterém lidé žijí, ale míra jejich angažovanosti je nízká. Přestože se mohou spolupodílet na utváření města například zapojením se do zájmových skupin, které mají vliv na územní plánování. Diplomová práce se zabývá otázkou, ovlivnění procesu pořizování územního plánu hlavního města Prahy (Metropolitní plán) jednotlivými aktéry. Teoretická část práce se věnuje podrobnému vysvětlení průběhu tvorby územního plánu a představení návrhu zadání Metropolitního plánu, který slouží k vymezení pojmů. V praktické části je uvedena charakteristika jednotlivých aktérů a jejich zájmů v kontextu územního plánování. Proces pořizování územního plánu je nejvíce ovlivněn třemi obligatorními aktéry - veřejnost, zájmové skupiny a politická reprezentace. Závěrem práce je stanovení způsobu ovlivňování a jejich klasifikace.
Keywords:
Metropolitní plán; územní plánování; participace veřejnosti; lobbing; zájmové skupiny; lobbing; public participation; interest group; Metropolitan plan; urban planning
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
Urban planning - Metropolitan plan of the capital city of Prague
Urban planning form the space occupied by people, but their participation ratio is low. In spite of the fact that they can be concerned in city planning for example to be engaged in interest group, ...
The development of house prices in London
Svoboda, David; Cibulka, Jakub; Galuška, Jiří
2017 - English
The subject of this bachelor thesis is to analyze London residential housing market in the period of time from 1995 to 2016. In the first part of the thesis the emphasis is put on the definition of theories related to the topic. It includes the reasons why house prices are worth measuring. Another point of the theory are the economic fundaments which influence the house prices. The main topic and result of this bachelor thesis is a deep analysis of the development of house prices in London. Based on the analysis, in the conclusion, it is enabled to evaluate the stability of the market. It is particularly the problematics of high house prices and affordabulity, which is solved in this document. These topics have become increasingly popular in London, recently. The work concentrates data from many fields, which affect developments housing markets, in one document. Thanks to it, the work provides comprehensibly processed data from statistical authorities such as HM Land Registry or Office for National Statistics including useful comparisons of important fundamentals. Úkolem této bakalářské práce je analyzovat trh rezidenčních nemovitostí v Londýně během období od roku 1995 do roku 2016. V první polovině práce je kladen důraz na vymezení teorie vztahující se k tématu. To obnáší důvody, pro které se nemovitostí trhy obecně analyzují nebo ekonomické fundamenty, jimiž jsou ceny nemovitostí ovlivňovány. Hlavním tématem a výsledkem práce je hloubková analýza vývoje cen nemovitostí v Londýně za účelem možnosti v závěru práce zhodnotit stabilitu tohoto nemovitostního trhu. Zejména je řešena v současné době Londýňany často skloňovaná problematika stále se zvyšujících cen a snižující se dostupnosti nemovitostí. Práce soustřeďuje data z mnoha odvětví ovlivňujících nemovitostí trhy v jednom dokumentu a nabízí přehledně zpracovaná data od statistických autorit, kterými jsou například HM Land registry nebo Office for National Statistics včetně užitečných porovnání důležitých fundamentů.
Keywords:
dostupnost; Londýn; Anglie; nedostatek nabídky; Trh nemovitostí; ceny nemovitostí; property market; house prices; affordability; shortage of supply; London; England
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
The development of house prices in London
The subject of this bachelor thesis is to analyze London residential housing market in the period of time from 1995 to 2016. In the first part of the thesis the emphasis is put on the definition of ...
Human rights protection and national interest: the case of border fences in the European Union
Ferrario, Ljuba; Novotná, Markéta; Burešová, Jana
2017 - English
Ever since the beginning of the refugee crisis, the efficiency of the Common European Asylum System has been questioned by MSs and European institutions. Recently, physical barriers have been built by an increasing number of countries in the European Union for the purpose of border controls. Simultaneously, several human rights organization have expressed their concerns on the violation of the right to asylum and of the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment resulting from the adoption of this method. This research will analyze this phenomenon through the perspective of international relations theory. The analysis will consider the realist approach in opposition to the liberal one, trying to assess whether border fences can be defined as an expression of national interest which compromises international cooperation in the field of human rights. Ever since the beginning of the refugee crisis, the efficiency of the Common European Asylum System has been questioned by MSs and European institutions. Recently, physical barriers have been built by an increasing number of countries in the European Union for the purpose of border controls. Simultaneously, several human rights organization have expressed their concerns on the violation of the right to asylum and of the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment resulting from the adoption of this method. This research will analyze this phenomenon through the perspective of international relations theory. The analysis will consider the realist approach in opposition to the liberal one, trying to assess whether border fences can be defined as an expression of national interest which compromises international cooperation in the field of human rights.
Keywords:
Human Rights; Schengen Area; Border fences; Human Rights; Schengen Area; Border fences
Available in digital repository of the Library of University of Economics.
Human rights protection and national interest: the case of border fences in the European Union
Ever since the beginning of the refugee crisis, the efficiency of the Common European Asylum System has been questioned by MSs and European institutions. Recently, physical barriers have been built by ...
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