Magnetic properties of electrospun polyvinyl butyral/Fe2O3 nanofibrous membranes
Peer, Petra; Cvek, M.; Urbánek, M.; Sedlačík, M.
2020 - English
In this contribution, magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully incorporated into the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofibrous membranes using the electrospinning process. The effects of the MNP concentration on the morphology of the nanofibres and their magnetic properties were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed their concentration-dependent, yet uniform diameter, and the presence of well-embedded MNPs inside the PVB nanofibres. The magnetic properties of the PVB/MNP membranes were studied using the vibrating-sample magnetometry. The saturation magnetization increased from 6.4 to 45.5 emu/g as the MNP concentration in the feedstock solution increased from 1 to 15 wt%. The fabricated PVB/MNP nanofibrous membranes possessed the ability to respond to the external magnetic fields, which determines their potential in the development of the advanced smart textiles.
Keywords:
electrospinning; polyvinyl butyral; nanofibres; magnetic properties
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Magnetic properties of electrospun polyvinyl butyral/Fe2O3 nanofibrous membranes
In this contribution, magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully incorporated into the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofibrous membranes using the electrospinning process. The effects of the ...
Coagulation optimization of the wastewater effluent at the Podlázky, Kvasiny and Solnice wastewater treatment plants
Pivokonský, Martin; Čermáková, Lenka; Prokopová, Michaela; Pivokonská, Lenka
2020 - Czech
The presented report deals with the characterization and optimization of coagulation of wastewater effluent from three wastewater treatment plants – Podlázky WWTP, Kvasiny WWTP and Solnice WWTP, which are to serve as a source of raw water for process water production for Škoda auto, as. The report is designed as a basis for implementation of pilot tests and subsequent design of the technological line of the planned water treatment plant, where coagulation and subsequent separation of the suspension by flotation is planned as the first stage of water treatment. Předložená zpráva se zabývá charakterizací a optimalizací koagulace vyčištěné odpadní vody ze tří čistíren odpadních vod – ČOV Podlázky, ČOV Kvasiny a ČOV Solnice, která má sloužit jako zdroj surové vody pro výrobu provozní vody pro účely podniku Škoda auto, a. s. Zpráva je koncipována jako podklad pro realizaci poloprovozních zkoušek a následný návrh technologické linky plánované úpravny vody, kde je koagulace a následná separace suspenze flotací plánována jako první stupeň úpravy vody.
Keywords:
coagulation; flotation; water treatment
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Coagulation optimization of the wastewater effluent at the Podlázky, Kvasiny and Solnice wastewater treatment plants
The presented report deals with the characterization and optimization of coagulation of wastewater effluent from three wastewater treatment plants – Podlázky WWTP, Kvasiny WWTP and Solnice WWTP, which ...
Surface analysis of filter sand and membrane module
Pivokonská, Lenka; Pivokonský, Martin
2020 - Czech
The presented report deals with the comparison of the surface structure of the membrane module after 5 years of operation with the surface of the new (unused) module. Furthermore, the subject of the report is the analysis of the grain surface of gravity sand filters. The aim is to determine the possible degradation of the ultrafiltration membrane and to verify whether and with what substances it is eventually clogged. In the case of sand filling of atmospheric filters, then confirm / refute the formation of aluminium hydroxide and biological growths (formation of secondary organic substances) on the surface of the grains. Předložená zpráva se zabývá srovnáním struktury povrchu membránového modulu po 5 letech provozu s povrchem modulu nového (nepoužitého). Dále je předmětem zprávy analýza povrchu zrn náplně gravitačních pískových filtrů. Cílem je zjistit připadnou degradaci membrány ultrafiltrace a ověřit, zda a jakými látkami dochází k jejímu případnému zanášení. V případě pískové náplně atmosférických filtrů pak potvrdit/vyvrátit tvorbu hydroxidu hlinitého a biologických nárostů (tvorba sekundárních organických látek) na povrchu zrn.
Keywords:
water treatment; sand filtration; membrane filtration
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Surface analysis of filter sand and membrane module
The presented report deals with the comparison of the surface structure of the membrane module after 5 years of operation with the surface of the new (unused) module. Furthermore, the subject of the ...
Jar Test Methodology for Water Treatment Optimization
Pivokonský, Martin; Pivokonská, Lenka; Vašatová, Petra; Načeradská, Jana
2020 - Czech
The methodology is intended for water treatment plant (WTP) operators and serves as a basic guideline for an optimization of the coagulation process in water treatment. It describes the jar test procedure, which allows the determination of the optimum operating conditions of coagulation, i.e., type and dose of the coagulant and coagulation pH value, needed for reaching the highest treatment efficiency. The publication further contains a supplementary part with tables for conversion of molar to mass concentration (and vice versa) of coagulants, instructions for diluting coagulants and reagents for pH adjustment and examples of jar test data recording, processing and evaluation. Metodika je určena provozovatelům úpraven vod a slouží jako podklad pro optimalizaci procesu koagulace při úpravě vody. Podrobně popisuje postup provádění laboratorních koagulačních/flokulačních testů, tzv. sklenicových optimalizačních zkoušek (angl. jar tests), které umožňují určit optimální provozní podmínky koagulace, tedy typ a dávku koagulačního činidla a hodnotu pH, při které musí koagulace probíhat, aby bylo dosaženo co nejvyšší účinnosti úpravy vody. Součástí metodiky jsou přílohy s tabulkami pro přepočet hmotnostních a látkových koncentrací koagulačních činidel, postupy ředění koagulačních činidel a činidel pro předúpravu pH či vzorové tabulky pro záznam a vyhodnocení dat sklenicových optimalizačních zkoušek.
Keywords:
coagulation; jar test; methodology; water treatment; WTP operation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Jar Test Methodology for Water Treatment Optimization
The methodology is intended for water treatment plant (WTP) operators and serves as a basic guideline for an optimization of the coagulation process in water treatment. It describes the jar test ...
Optimization of laboratory procedures for effective water treatment plant operation
Pivokonský, Martin; Vašatová, Petra; Petříček, Radim; Pivokonská, Lenka; Novotná, Kateřina
2019 - Czech
This scientific report has been realized within a TACR project (no. TJ01000169) of the ZÉTA programme aimed at supporting applied research. The report is intended for water treatment plant (WTP) operators and serves as a basic guideline for optimization of the coagulation process in water treatment. In the first part of the report, a methodology of jar tests is briefly described. Conducting the jar test is fundamental for an effective control over the coagulation step in WTP operation. Jar tests are necessary for a determination of the optimum operating conditions of coagulation, i.e., type and dose of the coagulant and coagulation pH value, needed for reaching the highest treatment efficiency. The other part of the report summarizes and evaluates the results of jar test optimization conducted at the WTP in Kutná Hora, and recommendations for optimization of the WTP operation are suggested. Economic aspects of the optimization are then discussed in a separate section. Souhrnná výzkumná zpráva byla realizována v rámci projektu TAČR č. TJ01000169 programu na podporu aplikovaného výzkumu ZÉTA. Je určena provozovatelům úpraven vod a slouží jako základní materiál pro optimalizaci procesu koagulace při úpravě vody. V první části této zprávy je stručně popsána metodika laboratorních koagulačních/flokulačních testů, tzv. optimalizačních sklenicových zkoušek, které jsou zásadní a nepostradatelnou součástí efektivního řízení procesu koagulace v provozech úpraven vod. S jejich využitím je možné určit optimální provozní podmínky koagulace, tedy typ a dávku koagulačního činidla a hodnotu pH, při které musí koagulace probíhat, aby bylo dosaženo co nejvyšší účinnosti úpravy vody. Druhá část zprávy předkládá výsledky optimalizačních zkoušek provedených na úpravně vody U Sv. Trojice v Kutné Hoře a navrhuje doporučení pro optimalizaci provozu zmíněné úpravny. V samostatné kapitole jsou pak diskutovány ekonomické aspekty navržené optimalizace.
Keywords:
coagulation; jar test; methodology; water treatment; WTP operation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Optimization of laboratory procedures for effective water treatment plant operation
This scientific report has been realized within a TACR project (no. TJ01000169) of the ZÉTA programme aimed at supporting applied research. The report is intended for water treatment plant (WTP) ...
Influence of uncertainty in the determination of rheological properties of thickened wastewater sludge on the calculation of the pipeline flow friction loss
Svitavská, K.; Havlík, V.; Hodaň, H.; Matoušek, Václav
2019 - Czech
The paper deals with the rheological properties of wastewater sludge and their influence on the determination of energy requirements of pipeline sludge transport. The paper uses a database of rheological parameters consisting of the results of 67 measurements of various wastewater sludge. At the measured values, the uncertainty in the determination of the rheological parameter values for the sludge of a certain concentration is converted to the uncertainty in the calculation of friction losses in the laminar as well as turbulent flow regime. Different approaches and models are used and compared the in the calculation of friction losses. The uncertainty analysis also includes the uncertainty arising from the use of different predictive approaches and/or computational models.\n Příspěvek se zabývá reologickými vlastnostmi čistírenských kalů a jejich vlivem na určování energetické náročnosti potrubní dopravy kalů. V příspěvku je využita databáze reologických parametrů složená z výsledků 67 měření různých čistírenských kalů. Na naměřených hodnotách je zjištěná nejistota v určení hodnot reologických parametrů pro kal určité koncentrace převedena na vyjádření nejistoty při výpočtu ztrát třením v laminárním, resp. turbulentním režimu proudění. Při výpočtu ztrát třením jsou použity a porovnány různé přístupy a modely, přičemž součástí analýzy nejistot je i nejistota plynoucí z použití různých předpovědních přístupů, resp. výpočtových modelů.
Keywords:
fluid flow; friction losses; non-Newtonian suspensions; rheological properties; wastewater sludge
Fulltext is available at external website.
Influence of uncertainty in the determination of rheological properties of thickened wastewater sludge on the calculation of the pipeline flow friction loss
The paper deals with the rheological properties of wastewater sludge and their influence on the determination of energy requirements of pipeline sludge transport. The paper uses a database of ...
Characterization of organic raw and drinking water on Želivka water treatment plant
Pivokonský, Martin; Čermáková, Lenka; Pivokonská, Lenka
2019 - Czech
Natural Organic Matter (NOM) is an important part of surface water. One of the suitable methods of the identification of the composition of NOM is their fractionation based on the principle of sorption of organic matter on ion-exchange resins. Přírodní organické látky (Natural Organic Matter - NOM) jsou významnou součástí povrchových vod. Jednou z vhodných metod identifikace složení NOM je jejich frakcionace založená na principu sorpce organických látek na ionexových pryskyřicích.
Keywords:
drinking water; water treatment; natural organic matter; fractionation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Characterization of organic raw and drinking water on Želivka water treatment plant
Natural Organic Matter (NOM) is an important part of surface water. One of the suitable methods of the identification of the composition of NOM is their fractionation based on the principle of ...
Flow behaviour of sand-water mixture in horizontal and inclined pipes
Vlasák, Pavel; Chára, Zdeněk; Matoušek, Václav; Kesely, Mikoláš; Krupička, Jan; Konfršt, Jiří; Mildner, Michael
2019 - English
Pipelines transporting slurries in different industrial applications often contain inclined sections. The effect of pipe inclination, slurry concentration and mean velocity on the flow behaviour, deposition\nlimit velocity, and internal structure of a settling slurry was studied in an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter D = 100 mm. The slurry consisted from water and a narrow particle size distribution sand of mean diameter d50 = 0.55 mm. The experiments focused on the effects of the pipe inclination on solids distribution and deposition limit velocity. The concentration distribution in pipe cross-section was studied with application of a gamma-ray densitometer. The study revealed the stratified flow pattern of the medium sand-water mixture in inclined pipe sections. Experimental results show that the degree of the slurry stratification decreased with an increasing angle of inclination in the ascending pipe sections. The slurry stratification affected the deposition limit velocity. Mean in situ concentration for the descending flow was always lower than that for the ascending flow. The deposition limit in ascending pipe, in comparison with that in a horizontal pipe, slightly increased up to inclination angle about +25°, and then remained practically constant. For negative pipe inclination over – 30° no deposition limit was observed.
Keywords:
slurry flow; inclined pipe; deposit limit velocity
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Flow behaviour of sand-water mixture in horizontal and inclined pipes
Pipelines transporting slurries in different industrial applications often contain inclined sections. The effect of pipe inclination, slurry concentration and mean velocity on the flow behaviour, ...
Preparation and characterization of fibrous non-woven textile decorated by silver nanoparticles for water filtration
Peer, Petra; Polášková, M.; Mosnáček, J.; Sedlařiková, J.; Masař, M.
2019 - English
The environmentally friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles was proposed for the production of antibacterial non-woven textile used in water filtration. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of silver nitrate using two environmentally friendly reducing agents, such as fructose or ascorbic acid. For comparison also commonly used reducing agent-sodium borohydride was used. The silver nanoparticles in various size and yield were produced by immersion of the plasma pre-treated polypropylene (PP) nonwoven textile in the colloidal solutions for different periods (35, 45 and 135 min). The morphology of the silver nanoparticles was characterized by SEM and EDX analysis. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the silver decorated PP non-woven textile was evaluated by an agar diffusion test using both Gram-positive Staphylococcus Aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The results suggest that the type of the reducing agent has major effect both on the morphology of silver nanoparticles and the antibacterial activity.
Keywords:
silver nanoparticles; reducing agent; non-woven textile; antibacterial activity
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Preparation and characterization of fibrous non-woven textile decorated by silver nanoparticles for water filtration
The environmentally friendly preparation of silver nanoparticles was proposed for the production of antibacterial non-woven textile used in water filtration. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by ...
Encapsulation of active agents into natural polymers
Sedlaříková, J.; Krejčí, J.; Krhovská, D.; Peer, Petra
2019 - Czech
Recently encapsulation has been intensively investigated to achieve a better absorbability and prolong efficiency of active agents. The aim of this work was to prepare the systems based on natural polymers zein and chitosan with active substances and observe the effect of individual components on the resultant physical and chemical properties of the encapsulation Problematika enkapsulace je v posledních letech intenzivně studována za účelem docílení lepší vstřebatelnosti a prodloužení účinnosti aktivních látek. Podstatou práce bylo připravit směsi na bázi přírodních polymerů zeinu a chitosanu s aktivními látkami a sledovat vliv zastoupení jednotlivých složek na výsledné fyzikálně-chemické vlastnosti enkapsulační činnosti.
Keywords:
encapsulation efficiency; zein; chitosan; active agents; thymol
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Encapsulation of active agents into natural polymers
Recently encapsulation has been intensively investigated to achieve a better absorbability and prolong efficiency of active agents. The aim of this work was to prepare the systems based on natural ...
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