No (7180)
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7180
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Unconquered Yet Defeated. Fortress Towns of Bohemia and Moravia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866
Kessler, Vojtěch; Šrámek, J.
2023 - Czech
Authors of the essay have attempted, based on ego-documents, to reveal the borderlines of the discrepancy between the expected standard of intensity and duration of the Austro-Prussian conflict and the subsequent reality. One of the 19th-century mnodernizing processes condensed in the short and intense clash in the summer of 1866 when in consequence of increased density of the traffic infrastructure and the introduction of new communication and infrastructure networks, the world seemed „smaller“ and „faster“. The essay brings an analysis of the period discrourse that the autohors understand not only as a frame within which memories and events were performed, but also as a poduct of mnemonic processes. Autoři eseje se pokusili na základě ego-dokumentů odhalit hranice rozporu mezi očekávaným standardem intenzity a délky trvání prusko-rakouského konfliktu a následnou realitou. Jeden z modernizačních procesů 19. století se zkondenzoval v krátkém a intenzivním střetu v létě 1866, kdy se v důsledku zvýšení hustoty dopravní infrastruktury a zavedení nových komunikačních a infrastrukturních sítí svět zdál „menší“ a „rychlejší“. Esej přináší analýzu dobového diskurzu, který autoři chápou nejen jako rámec, v němž se odehrávaly vzpomínky a události, ale také jako produkt těchto mnemonických procesů.
Keywords:
19th century; Hradec Králové; Olomouc; Terezín; Josefov; bastion fortress; Austro-Prussian War of 1866
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Unconquered Yet Defeated. Fortress Towns of Bohemia and Moravia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866
Authors of the essay have attempted, based on ego-documents, to reveal the borderlines of the discrepancy between the expected standard of intensity and duration of the Austro-Prussian conflict and ...
Financial affordability of housing in Czech households
Fialová, Kamila; Mysíková, Martina
2023 - Czech
Housing costs generally represent the most important item of household consumption expenditure. While the average European household spends 25% of its budget on housing, including energy and other payments, in 2021, the Czechs spend as much as 28%. Housing affordability is generally defined as the provision of a certain standard of housing at a price or rent that is considered a reasonable burden on households. If a household's share of housing costs is too high, this can have a negative impact on other household consumption as well as on living standards. The study assesses the burden of housing costs on Czech households using objective and subjective methods and identifies the main factors influencing the financial burden. Náklady na bydlení obecně představují nejvýznamnější položku spotřebních výdajů domácností. Zatímco průměrná evropská domácnost za bydlení včetně energií a dalších plateb utratila v roce 2021 25 % svého rozpočtu, v Česku to bylo dokonce 28 %. Finanční dostupností bydlení se zpravidla rozumí zajištění určitého standardu bydlení za cenu či nájemné, které je považováno za přiměřené zatížení domácností. Pokud má domácnost podíl výdajů na bydlení příliš vysoký, může to negativně ovlivňovat další spotřebu domácností a také jejich životní standard. Studie hodnotí zátěž českých domácností náklady na bydlení za použití objektivních a subjektivních metod a identifikuje hlavní faktory, které finanční zatížení ovlivňují.\n
Keywords:
Financial resilence; housing affordability
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Financial affordability of housing in Czech households
Housing costs generally represent the most important item of household consumption expenditure. While the average European household spends 25% of its budget on housing, including energy and other ...
The views of Daniel Adam of Veleslavín on Czechs and foreigners
Černá, Alena M.
2023 - Czech
The paper is devoted to the views of Daniel Adam of Veleslavín (1546–1599) on the Czechs and foreigners with whom the Czech lands are in contact or who they know from the available literature. These are mainly Germans, Italians and Poles, but attention is also paid to peoples who pose a real or potential threat to the Czech lands (Turks and Russians). Veleslavín judges that the old Czechs possessed good qualities (bravery, faith in God, reliability, respect for order and laws), but that they lost these qualities through contact with foreign nations. They concentrate more on secular pleasures and slacken their concern for the nation and the homeland. The material base for the paper was the Czech written prefaces to the works that Veleslavín prepared for publication in 1578–1599. Příspěvek je věnován názorům Daniela Adama z Veleslavína (1546–1599) na Čechy a cizince, s nimiž jsou české země ve styku, případně které znají z dostupné literatury. Jedná se zejména o Němce, Italy a Poláky, avšak pozornost je věnována i národům, které představují pro české země reálnou či potenciální hrozbu (Turci a Rusové). Veleslavín soudí, že staří Čechové disponovali dobrými vlastnostmi (udatnost, víra v boha, spolehlivost, dodržování řádu a zákonů), avšak stykem s cizími národy tyto vlastnosti ztrácejí, soustředí se více na světské radovánky a polevují v péči o národ a vlast. – Materiálovou bází pro příspěvek byly zejména česky psané předmluvy k dílům, které Veleslavín připravil ke knižnímu vydání v letech 1578– 1599.\n
Keywords:
Humanistic literature; preface; Daniel Adam of Veleslavín; Czechs and foreigners in the 16th century
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The views of Daniel Adam of Veleslavín on Czechs and foreigners
The paper is devoted to the views of Daniel Adam of Veleslavín (1546–1599) on the Czechs and foreigners with whom the Czech lands are in contact or who they know from the available literature. These ...
To one or an invitation to a journey through pubs and their names
Šipková, Milena
2023 - Czech
The lecture deals with the names of the inn, serving as a center of social life in Moravia and Silesia. Přednáška se zabývá názvy hostinců, sloužících jako centrum společenského života na Moravě a ve Slezsku.
Keywords:
Czech language; nominal names; social life; names of the pubs; Moravia; Silesia
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
To one or an invitation to a journey through pubs and their names
The lecture deals with the names of the inn, serving as a center of social life in Moravia and Silesia.
Landscape, Settlements and Monuments in Georg II. Buquoy´s diary from the Italian Journey in 1839 and 1840
Binder, Filip
2023 - Czech
The paper deals with the journey of Georg II Buquoy to Italy which took place in 1839 and 1840 and focuses on his reflection of landscape, gardens, settlements and monuments in his travel diary. Studie se zabývá cestou hraběte Jiřího II. Buquoye do Itálie, která se uskutečnila v letech 1839 a 1840, a zaměřuje se na jeho reflexi krajiny, zahrad, sídel a památek v jeho cestovním deníku.
Keywords:
nobility; history of travelling; Italy
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Landscape, Settlements and Monuments in Georg II. Buquoy´s diary from the Italian Journey in 1839 and 1840
The paper deals with the journey of Georg II Buquoy to Italy which took place in 1839 and 1840 and focuses on his reflection of landscape, gardens, settlements and monuments in his travel diary.
Factors for reoffending and the process of desistance in the context of conditional release
Krulichová, Eva; Bašná, Kristýna; Beláňová, Andrea; Čermák, Daniel; Mikešová, Renáta; Rozum, J.; Tomášek, J.; Urbánek, Tomáš
2023 - Czech
A report based on sociological, criminological, and psychological perspectives, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data, describing the life trajectories of clients under the supervision of Probation and Mediation Service. The report analyzes the role of individual and social factors in terminating clients´ criminal careers.\n\n Zpráva založená na sociologické, kriminologické a psychologické perspektivě zkoumání a kvalitativních i kvantitativních datech popisující životní dráhu klientů pod dohledem Probační a mediační služby a analyzující význam individuálních a sociálních faktorů při ukončování jejich kriminální kariéry.
Keywords:
desistance; reoffenting; probation; conditional release
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Factors for reoffending and the process of desistance in the context of conditional release
A report based on sociological, criminological, and psychological perspectives, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data, describing the life trajectories of clients under the supervision of ...
Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
Svoboda, Michaela; Chládková, Kateřina; Kocjančič Antolík, T.; Paillereau, Nikola; Slížková, P.
2023 - English
When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for the latter, a well-documented feature of infant-directed speech is an exaggeration of spectrally-cued vowel contrasts. Here we tested whether talkers exaggerate also durationally cued contrasts. Sixty-three mothers, native speakers of Czech, were recorded while playing with their infant (4- to 10-month-olds, IDS) and while speaking to an adult (ADS). The durations of the five Czech phonemically short vowels were compared to their long counterparts. Vowel duration (normalised for word duration) was longer in IDS than in ADS more for phonemically long vowels at the younger infant ages, indicating a developmentally specific early exaggeration of length contrasts in Czech infant-directed speech. The present finding suggests that in a language with phonemic length, caregivers' realisation of speech sounds may go beyond merely being longer and slower overall.
Keywords:
infant-directed speech; vowel length; development of early input; Czech
Available on request at various institutes of the ASCR
Vowel length in infant-directed speech: the realisation of short-long contrasts in Czech IDS
When interacting with young children, talkers across many languages use a speech style that reflects positive affect, draws infants' attention, and supposedly facilitates language acquisition. As for ...
Buddhism and its reflection in Czech lands until the year 1989
Holba, Jiří
2023 - Czech
This article outlines some of the most interesting moments of reflection on Buddhism in the Czech lands from its very beginnings until the “Velvet Revolution” in 1989. It deals with the first Czech Buddhists (L. Procházka, M. Novosad alias Bhikkhu Nánasatta), criticism of Buddhism from the pen of philosopher E. Rádl, Czech mystics (Drtikol, Minařík) and their relation to Buddhism and academic study of Buddhism (M. Winternitz, V. Lesný, I. Fišer, E. Bondy, K. Werner etc.). Tento článek nastiňuje některé nejzajímavější momenty reflexe buddhismu v českých zemích od jeho úplných počátků až do „sametové revoluce“ v roce 1989. Zabývá se prvními českými buddhisty (L. Procházka, M. Novosad alias bhikkhu Ňánasatta), kritikou buddhismu z pera filosofa E. Rádla, českými mystiky (Drtikol, Minařík) a jejich vztahem k buddhismu a akademickým studiem buddhismu (M. Winternitz, V. Lesný, I. Fišer, E. Bondy, K. Werner atd.).
Keywords:
Buddhism; Buddhism in Czechoslovakia
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Buddhism and its reflection in Czech lands until the year 1989
This article outlines some of the most interesting moments of reflection on Buddhism in the Czech lands from its very beginnings until the “Velvet Revolution” in 1989. It deals with the first Czech ...
He is the figure or image of the spiritual temple, which is our body. The temple as a metaphor
Havelka, Tomáš
2023 - Czech
The paper mainly deals with literary metaphorizations of the Christian temple in three basic typologies of the temple, as metaphors of the human body, a prefigurative pattern of the history of Solomon’s temple transferred to the history of church communities and the metaphor of knowledge. In any religion, the temple is not just a place for believers to gather, it has always been understood as a transcendent gate connecting the created world and God’s presence. It represented the “center of the world” and gradually took on various typological and metaphorical realizations: Solomon’s temple, the heavenly Jerusalem, the divine circle, whose center is everywhere and whose circumference is nowhere. This led to the fulfillment of various dispositions. On the other hand, remarkable practices are also present in the literature of the 17th and 18th centuries, interpreting the temple in the opposite way, namely as an anthropomorphic metaphor of the human body, most prominently in the case of J.F. Beckovský. Příspěvek se zabývá zejména literárními metaforizacemi křesťanského chrámu ve třech základních typologiích chrámu, a to jako metafory lidského těla, prefigurativního vzoru dějin Šalomounova chrámu přenášeným na dějiny církevních obcí a metaforou vědění. Chrám není v žádném náboženství jen místo shromáždění věřících, odjakživa byl chápán jako transcendentní brána spojující stvořený svět a Boží přítomnost. Reprezentoval „střed světa“ a postupně přebíral různé typologické a metaforické realizace: Šalamounova chrámu, nebeského Jeruzaléma, božského kruhu, jehož střed je všude a obvod nikde aj. To vedlo k naplňování různých dispozic. Na druhou stranu jsou ale také v literatuře 17. a 18. století přítomné pozoruhodné postupy, interpretující chrám obráceně, totiž jako antropomorfní metaforu lidského těla, nejvýraznějším způsobem u J. F. Beckovského.
Keywords:
temple; metaphor; symbol; Solomon’s temple; ecclesiology
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
He is the figure or image of the spiritual temple, which is our body. The temple as a metaphor
The paper mainly deals with literary metaphorizations of the Christian temple in three basic typologies of the temple, as metaphors of the human body, a prefigurative pattern of the history of ...
The Archbishopric of Prague and the State - between alliances and conflicts in the times of recatholization
Mikulec, Jiří
2023 - Czech
The study deals with the relations between the Prague archbishopric and the state at the time of re-Catholicization. Studie se zabývá vztahy mezi pražským arcibiskupstvím a státem v době rekatolizace.
Keywords:
archbishopric of Prague; relations between church and state; recatholization
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The Archbishopric of Prague and the State - between alliances and conflicts in the times of recatholization
The study deals with the relations between the Prague archbishopric and the state at the time of re-Catholicization.
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