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Infants' learning of novel segments is modulated by prosody
Chládková, Kateřina; Podlipský, V.J.; Nudga, Natalia; Paillereau, Nikola; Kynčlová, Kateřina; Šimáčková, Š.
2023 - anglický
Young infants recognize atypical realisations of native-language speech. Later they learn words better from native-accented talkers. However, 6-month-olds preferentially listen to unfamiliar speech. We tested whether the learning of new vowels matches 6-month-olds’ listening preferences, being more effective from nonnative-accented speech. We exposed Czech six-month-olds to delexicalised utterances with consonants replaced by [f] and vowels by 405 tokens sampled from a bimodal [ɛ]-[æ] distribution, a contrast absent from Czech, and with either native or atypical rhythm. Discrimination of [ɛ]-[æ] was then tested in an alternating/non-alternating paradigm. Longer first-look duration to non-alternating than to alternating trials – indicating a learning effect – was found in infants familiarised with the novel contrast in atypical rhythm, such effect was not\ndetected after familiarisation with native rhythm. Six-month-olds thus more effectively exploit distributional information about novel vowels from non-native rhythm, which matches their previously reported preferences for listening to novel over familiar accents.
Klíčová slova:
distributional learning; selective learning; non-native rhythm; vowels; infancy
Plné texty jsou dostupné na vyžádání prostřednictvím repozitáře Akademie věd.
Infants' learning of novel segments is modulated by prosody
Young infants recognize atypical realisations of native-language speech. Later they learn words better from native-accented talkers. However, 6-month-olds preferentially listen to unfamiliar speech. ...
2TDK Railway, profile P18. Datings. Final Report.
Bosák, Pavel; Zupan Hajna, N.; Hercman, H.; Horáček, I.; Kdýr, Šimon; Kogovšek, B.
2023 - anglický
Samples for datings were taken in the railway construction (2TDK) near village of Divača, Classical Karst on October 12, 2021: (1) vertebrate bones in cave 2TDK – 002 at the profile P18, cave entrance appeared during the construction operations on cleaned karst surface in a wall of karst depression. Samples of mammal bones and gastropods were collected in situ on cave bottom, and (2) pieces of speleothems occurring in non in situ position on artificially planated surface near the cave opening were collected. U-series: no numerical date was obtained as geochemistry of sample indicate open system, probably due to recrystallization of sample in soil cover. Paleomagnetism: The transition of N- and R-polarized samples cannot be identified more precisely as U-series radiometric dating yielded no numerical results. The transition easily can represent Brunhes/Matuyama boundary (at 773 ka) as well as any of older such transitions (e. g., base of Jaramillo, base of Olduvai). In any case the speleothem grew in a closed cave space with roof, probably as flowstone (inclusion of red soils above the base) and later as baldachin on eroded allogenic fill of the paleocave. Vertebrate paleontology: bone remains of small and larger vertebrates represent subrecent to Holocene species. Sorex alpinus represents the species quite rare in fossil record, but recetly limited to variegated woodland habitats with high surface humidity. A chamois Rupicapra rupicapra represents a resident species present in Slovenia throughout all stages of a glacial cycle, recently restricted to mountain habitats.
Klíčová slova:
Divača Karst; unroofed cave; speleothem; U-Th dating; paleomagnetism; zoopaleontology
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
2TDK Railway, profile P18. Datings. Final Report.
Samples for datings were taken in the railway construction (2TDK) near village of Divača, Classical Karst on October 12, 2021: (1) vertebrate bones in cave 2TDK – 002 at the profile P18, cave entrance ...
Room temperature ethanol detection using carbon materials
Kočí, Michal
2023 - anglický
Allotropic forms of carbon, in particular graphene oxide (GO) or nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), attracted the attention of many research groups due to their unique electronic structures and extraordinary physical and chemical properties, preferable for many different applications, including sensor devices. This work focuses on responses of various sensing layers (NCD with hydrogen termination (H-NCD), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), thiol-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) and their hybrid structures to ethanol vapor with concentrations up to 100 ppm in synthetic air at room temperature. The measured parameters of the tested sensors, especially stability, reproducibility and regeneration, are compared and critically evaluated. The high sensitivity of tested sensors achieved at room temperature makes them very promising for monitoring ethanol vapor as well as other volatile substances (e.g., isopropyl-alcohol or acetone).
Klíčová slova:
gas sensor; nanocrystalline diamond (NCD); graphene oxide (GO); reduced graphene oxide (rGO); thiol-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH)
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Room temperature ethanol detection using carbon materials
Allotropic forms of carbon, in particular graphene oxide (GO) or nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), attracted the attention of many research groups due to their unique electronic structures and ...
Mechanical properties of basalt: a study on compressive loading at different strain rates using SHPB
Falta, J.; Krčmářová, N.; Fíla, T.; Vavro, Martin; Vavro, Leona
2023 - anglický
This article focuses on the mechanical properties of basalt in compressive loading at different strain-rates. The study employs advanced instrumentation for the evaluation of the results in dynamic conditions, while standard uni-axial loading device is used for evaluation in quasi-static conditions. Basalt specimens were subjected to four different loading-rates from 200–600 s−1 on which the stress-strain dependence was evaluated together with DIC analysis of crack initiation and disintegration process. Understanding the mechanical properties of basalt can provide insights for engineers and designers in creating structures that are durable and able to withstand different loading conditions. The findings of this study can have implications for a wide range of industries, including aerospace, automotive, and construction, among others.
Klíčová slova:
SHPB; basalt; compressive loading; dynamic loading
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Mechanical properties of basalt: a study on compressive loading at different strain rates using SHPB
This article focuses on the mechanical properties of basalt in compressive loading at different strain-rates. The study employs advanced instrumentation for the evaluation of the results in dynamic ...
Asynchronous time integration while achieving zero interface energy
Dvořák, Radim; Kolman, Radek; Falta, J.; Neühauserová, M.
2023 - anglický
This contribution deals with an asynchronous direct time integration of the finite-element model. The proposed method is applied to the phenomenon of wave propagation through an elastic linear continuum. The numerical model is partitioned into individual subdomains using the domain decomposition method by means of localized Lagrange multipliers. For each subdomain, different time discretizations are used. No restrictions for relation between subdomain’s time steps are imposed. The coupling of the subdomains is forced by an acceleration continuity condition. Additionally, we use the a posteriori technique to also provide the displacement and velocity continuity at the interfaces, and hence we obtain exact continuity of all three kinematic fields. The proposed method is experimentally validated using the modified SHPB (split Hopkinson pressure bar) setup.
Klíčová slova:
finite element method; direct time integration; asynchronous integration; domain decomposition; localized lagrange multipliers
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Asynchronous time integration while achieving zero interface energy
This contribution deals with an asynchronous direct time integration of the finite-element model. The proposed method is applied to the phenomenon of wave propagation through an elastic linear ...
Comparison of finite element simulation of tungsten nanoindentation with Berkovich and conical indenter
Fiala, L.; Ballo, I.; Kovář, J.; Fuis, Vladimír
2023 - anglický
Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to study the difference between using Berkovich and conical indenters in nanoindentation test of tungsten specimen. The study was aimed to determine the\nmodulus of elasticity of a tested specimen and how it changes with different indenter. The FEM analysis also revealed that the modulus of elasticity was sensitive to the dimensions of both specimen and the indenter for which were made several numerical calculations with different dimensions.
Klíčová slova:
nanoindentation; FEM; Berkovich indenter; conical indenter; tungsten
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Comparison of finite element simulation of tungsten nanoindentation with Berkovich and conical indenter
Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to study the difference between using Berkovich and conical indenters in nanoindentation test of tungsten specimen. The study was aimed to determine the\nmodulus ...
Optical and Pneumatic Measurements on TR-U-11 Cascade
Luxa, Martin; Hála, Jindřich; Šimurda, David
2023 - anglický
The report contains results and evaluation of conducted optical (interferometry and schlieren technique) and pneumatic measurements on the first variant of the new tip section, intended for turbine rotor blade.
Klíčová slova:
transonic flow; rotor turbine blade; tip section
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Optical and Pneumatic Measurements on TR-U-11 Cascade
The report contains results and evaluation of conducted optical (interferometry and schlieren technique) and pneumatic measurements on the first variant of the new tip section, intended for turbine ...
Statistical Approach for BTT probes distribution
Mekhalfia, Mohammed Lamine; Procházka, Pavel; Šmíd, R.; Tchawou Tchuisseu, Eder Batista
2023 - anglický
Blade tip timing (BTT) system is a non-invasive method used for measuring the blade tip timing of rotating machinery. The BTT system typically consists of sensor probes, signal conditioning system, and data acquisition unit. The sensor probes are placed in proximity to the rotating blade tips, Sensors measure the time at which each blade passes by the probe. By measuring the blade tip timing, the BTT system can detect changes in the blade tip vibration, which is an important for the health monitoring and performance optimization of rotating machinery [1]. To ensure accurate measurement of blade tip timing, the probe arrangement is crucial. The placement of the probe relative to the blade tips can affect the measurement accuracy, and thus, several arrangement algorithms have been developed to optimize the placement of the probes. Instead of considering the condition number, a statistical algorithms is followed to optimize the placement of probes for accurate measurement of blade tip timing in turbo-machinery. The statistical approach will be employed to determine the optimal locations for probes, with the aim of reducing errors in the measurement of blade tip timing. \n
Klíčová slova:
blade tip timing principle; RMSE; blade´s dynamics
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Statistical Approach for BTT probes distribution
Blade tip timing (BTT) system is a non-invasive method used for measuring the blade tip timing of rotating machinery. The BTT system typically consists of sensor probes, signal conditioning system, ...
The design of Bayesian diagnostic expert system Querix and it’s engineering application
Věchet, Stanislav; Krejsa, Jiří; Chen, K.-S.
2023 - anglický
Expert systems have gained attention over the last two decades as they bring the possibility of using expert knowledge in various control systems. However, it has lost attraction in favor of artificial neural networks in recent years, which is mostly influenced by the availability of data to train neural network models and the availability of various frameworks to achieve fast time-to-market applications for given solutions.
Klíčová slova:
expert system; decision making; advanced diagnostic; autonomous navigation; RPA
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
The design of Bayesian diagnostic expert system Querix and it’s engineering application
Expert systems have gained attention over the last two decades as they bring the possibility of using expert knowledge in various control systems. However, it has lost attraction in favor of ...
Optimization of the outflow regime in Římov reservoir from the point of view of water supply
Mercado, Ma. Cristina Paule; Hejzlar, Josef; Jarošík, Jiří; Porcal, Petr
2023 - anglický
The best management strategy for the Římov reservoir: (a) discharge from a depth of 3–5 m during the stratified season, (b) without support for SHP and with high reservoir filling, (c) reducing the phosphorus loading of the reservoir as much as possible. The impacts of climate change on water quality are significant, as inflow DOC and P concentrations here increase with temperature and flow variability. The effects of climate change can be mitigated by targeted management of the reservoir, but the quality of water inflow will still deteriorate further.
Klíčová slova:
water; dissolved organic matter; reservoir
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Optimization of the outflow regime in Římov reservoir from the point of view of water supply
The best management strategy for the Římov reservoir: (a) discharge from a depth of 3–5 m during the stratified season, (b) without support for SHP and with high reservoir filling, (c) reducing the ...
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