Source apportionment of equivalent black carbon (ebc) at a regional blackground site in central europe
Mbengue, Saliou; Šerfözö, Norbert; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Holubová, Adéla; Holoubek, I.
2019 - English This study focuses on a 5-year measurement of equivalent Black carbon (EBC) at a regional background site in Central Europe. The aim is to identify the potential sources of EBC, especially fossil fuel (ff) and biomass burning (bb). Measurements of EBC in PM10 were performed from September 2012 to December 2017 at NAOK (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice, 49°35ʹ N, 15°05ʹ E), central Czech Republic, with a 7-wavelength aethalometer (AE31, Magee Scientific). The aethalometer model, based on the wavelength dependence of light absorption (Angstrom coefficient), has been used to estimate EBCbb (EBC from biomass burning) and EBCff (EBC from traffic). The influence of local and distant sources has been investigated using the Conditional Probability Function (CPF) and Backward Trajectories Cluster Analysis (BTCA).\nClear seasonal, diurnal and weekly variations of EBC were observed at the NAOK that could be related to the sources fluctuations and transport characteristic. The higher concentrations of EBC were measured during winter (1.00 ±0.87 μg m-3) in comparison with summer (0.44 ±0.29 μg m-3).\n Keywords: equivalent black carbon; source apportionment; biomass burning; fossil fuel Available in a digital repository NRGL Source apportionment of equivalent black carbon (ebc) at a regional blackground site in central europe

This study focuses on a 5-year measurement of equivalent Black carbon (EBC) at a regional background site in Central Europe. The aim is to identify the potential sources of EBC, especially fossil fuel ...

Mbengue, Saliou; Šerfözö, Norbert; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Zíková, Naděžda; Holubová, Adéla; Holoubek, I.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Measurement of the vertical profile of the ground level of the atmosphere using an unmanned platform First results
Novotný, J.; Bystrický, R.; Dejinal, K.; Trusina, Jan; Komínková, Kateřina
2019 - English Application of new technologies such as unmanned platforms is also on the rise in meteorology. The paper brings the first comparison of measurement sensors placed on the drone with standard meteorological measure-ments on the mast. The mast data provides continuous data over time, but not in space and only in five defined heights. The first results show a good match between mast measurements and measurements using a flying dron in wind direction and wind speed. Additional influences specific to the newly designed measurement method is the main problem, which must be solved. Keywords: Drone; Meteorological mast; Temperature; Vertical profile; Wind Available at various institutes of the ASCR Measurement of the vertical profile of the ground level of the atmosphere using an unmanned platform First results

Application of new technologies such as unmanned platforms is also on the rise in meteorology. The paper brings the first comparison of measurement sensors placed on the drone with standard ...

Novotný, J.; Bystrický, R.; Dejinal, K.; Trusina, Jan; Komínková, Kateřina
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Forecast of solar powerplants and wind farms production based on numerical weather prediction models of Aladin and IFS
Farda, Aleš; Štěpánek, Petr; Zahradníček, Pavel
2019 - Czech Keywords: renewable energy; solar power plants; numerical weather prediction Available at various institutes of the ASCR Forecast of solar powerplants and wind farms production based on numerical weather prediction models of Aladin and IFS

Farda, Aleš; Štěpánek, Petr; Zahradníček, Pavel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

GROWTH RATES OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL PARTICLES AT FOUR BACKGROUND STATIONS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Holubová, Adéla; Zíková, Naděžda; Ždímal, Vladimír; Plachá, H.; Bitter, M.
2019 - Czech Differences or similarities of growth rates and condensation sinks - characteristics represanting New Particle Formation events were investigated at four background stations located in different types of enviroments, influenced by a different mixture of emissions sources. We found out that the median growth rate is very similar at all stations and the most grequent length of growth lasted between 2 and 4 hours. On the contrary, differences were found in variables affecting growth rates. Na čtyřech pozaďových stanicích umístěných v různých typech prostředí, které byly ovlivněny odlišnou směsí zdrojů emisí, byly zkoumány rozdíly nebo podobnosti růstových rychlostí a kondenzačních záchytů - charakteristiky představující nové formace částic. Zjistili jsme, že střední rychlost růstu je na všech stanicích velmi podobná a nejklidnější délka růstu trvala 2 až 4 hodiny. Naopak byly zjištěny rozdíly v proměnných ovlivňujících tempo růstu. Keywords: Aerosol growth rate; Background station; New particle formation Available at various institutes of the ASCR GROWTH RATES OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL PARTICLES AT FOUR BACKGROUND STATIONS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Differences or similarities of growth rates and condensation sinks - characteristics represanting New Particle Formation events were investigated at four background stations located in different types ...

Holubová, Adéla; Zíková, Naděžda; Ždímal, Vladimír; Plachá, H.; Bitter, M.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, drought and nitrogen nutrition on malting quality of spring barley
Simor, J.; Klem, Karel; Psota, V.
2019 - English Elevated CO2 concentration [EC] generally leads to increased rates of photosynthesis, increased formation of assimilates and finally to storing them in the grain. Increased storage of starch in the grain, however, leads to an unbalanced proportion to the proteins, and their relative content decreases. This is particularly apparent in the conditions of nitrogen deficiency. The interactive effects of EC, nitrogen nutrition and reduced water availability are, however, not yet sufficiently understood. Within the manipulation experiment in open top chambers (Domaninek near Bystrice nad Pernstejnem) that allow simulation of EC (expected by the end of this century 700 ppm) and drought, the effect of these interactions on protein content, and other quality parameters of spring barley grain was studied. EC reduced grain protein content, increased extract, Kolbach index and also summary Malting quality index. Such effect was more pronounced under higher nitrogen dose, which generally worsened malting quality parameters. Reduced water availability slightly enhanced all malting quality parameters and also showed slight synergistic effect to EC. No clear interactive effects on malting quality were found for nitrogen nutrition and water availability. Keywords: protein-concentration; wheat; impacts; crop; malting barley; greenhouse gases; nitrogen fertilization; reduced water availability Available at various institutes of the ASCR Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, drought and nitrogen nutrition on malting quality of spring barley

Elevated CO2 concentration [EC] generally leads to increased rates of photosynthesis, increased formation of assimilates and finally to storing them in the grain. Increased storage of starch in the ...

Simor, J.; Klem, Karel; Psota, V.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

New particle formation measurement down to 1.2 nm at noak
Holubová, Adéla; Zíková, Naděžda; Ždímal, Vladimír
2019 - English Atmospheric aerosols influence Earth’s climatic system and human health. Role of aerosols in climatic system still includes uncertainties strongly influencing model simulations (Zhao et al. \n2018). One of the uncertainties is caused by secondary aerosol formation and their consequent growth. Nucleation of aerosol particles is a process determined by presence of aerosol precursors in atmosphere and by ambient atmospheric conditions (Dada et al. 2017). \nSince new particle formation (NPF) events have been observed in many types of environment (Kulmala et al. 2004), we have focused on NPF events at background station in the Czech Republic, representative for central European region. In this study we investigate NPF process of aerosol clusters from 1.2 nm in size.\n Keywords: particle formation; particle measurement; Atmospheric boundary layer; NAOK Available in a digital repository NRGL New particle formation measurement down to 1.2 nm at noak

Atmospheric aerosols influence Earth’s climatic system and human health. Role of aerosols in climatic system still includes uncertainties strongly influencing model simulations (Zhao et al. \n2018). ...

Holubová, Adéla; Zíková, Naděžda; Ždímal, Vladimír
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Quantitative estimation of selected biophysical parameters of agricultural crop stands based on Sentinel-2 satellite data and its use for the development of application maps for precision agriculture
Mišurec, J.; Tomíček, J.; Lukeš, Petr; Klem, Karel
2019 - Czech The aim of this methodology is a comprehensive description of the procedure for calculating biophysical parameters of agricultural of crop biophysical data based on Sentinel-2 satellite data using a radiation transfer model, including an assessment of its reliability using reference ground data. The methodology includes a complete description of the individual phases, including the collection of reference data (Section 2.2), the pre-processing of Sentinel-2 satellite data (Section 2.3) and the actual solution of the quantitative estimation of the values biophysical parameters (Sections 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6) and their subsequent use for the production of application maps for use in precision agriculture (Section 2.7). Cílem této metodiky je souhrnný popis postupu výpočtu biofyzikálních parametrů zemědělských plodin na podkladě družicových dat Sentinel-2 s využitím modelu přenosu záření včetně zhodnocení jeho spolehlivosti pomocí referenčních pozemních dat. Součástí metodiky je kompletní popis jednotlivých fází zahrnujících sběr referenčních dat (sekce 2.2), předzpracování družicových dat Sentinel-2 (sekce 2.3) až po vlastní řešení kvantitativního odhadu hodnot biofyzikálních parametrů (sekce 2.4, 2.5 a 2.6) a jejich následné využití pro tvorbu aplikačních map využitelných v rámci precizního zemědělství (sekce 2.7). Keywords: remote sensing; precision agriculture; sentinel-2; traits; radiative transfer Available at various institutes of the ASCR Quantitative estimation of selected biophysical parameters of agricultural crop stands based on Sentinel-2 satellite data and its use for the development of application maps for precision agriculture

The aim of this methodology is a comprehensive description of the procedure for calculating biophysical parameters of agricultural of crop biophysical data based on Sentinel-2 satellite data using a ...

Mišurec, J.; Tomíček, J.; Lukeš, Petr; Klem, Karel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2019

Quantitative analysis of biophysical parameters of crops using multispectral data Copernicus
Mišurec, J.; Lukeš, Petr; Tomíček, J.; Klem, Karel; Jakešová, L.
2018 - Czech The development of a methodology for retrieval of biophysical parameters using multispectral satellite data Sentinel-2 has been optimized for the most frequently grown crops in the Czech Republic: winter wheat, spring barley, oilseed rape, lucerne, maize and sugar beet. The target crop parameters were chlorophyll and water content in leaves and leaf area index (LAI). The method of calculating biophysical parameters was based on the use of the ProSAIL radiation transfer model, where the model simulates canopy status for various combinations of biophysical parameters in inverse mode. A combination of biophysical parameters, showing the best match for the reflectance values observed by the Sentinel-2 satellite system is searched. Developed products will find use in farms, for example in planning the management of agricultural land. Vývoj metodiky zaměřený na zisk biofyzikálních parametrů pomocí multispektrálních družicových dat Sentinel-2 byl optimalizován pro nejčastěji pěstované plodiny v ČR: pšenici ozimou, ječmen jarní, řepku ozimou, vojtěšku, kukuřici a cukrovou řepu. Cílovými parametry plodin byly obsah chlorofylu a vody v listech a index listové plochy (LAI). Princip výpočtu biofyzikálních parametrů je založen na využití modelu přenosu záření ProSAIL, přičemž model simuluje chování porostu pro různé kombinace biofyzikálních parametrů v inverzním módu. Je hledána kombinace biofyzikálních parametrů, vykazující nejlepší shodu s hodnotami odrazivosti porostu pozorovanými satelitním systémem Sentinel-2. Vyvíjené produkty naleznou uplatnění u zemědělských podniků například při plánování hospodářské činnosti a managementu pozemků. Keywords: agricultural crops; multispectral data; Copernicus Available at various institutes of the ASCR Quantitative analysis of biophysical parameters of crops using multispectral data Copernicus

The development of a methodology for retrieval of biophysical parameters using multispectral satellite data Sentinel-2 has been optimized for the most frequently grown crops in the Czech Republic: ...

Mišurec, J.; Lukeš, Petr; Tomíček, J.; Klem, Karel; Jakešová, L.
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2018

Integrated weed management in cereals
Smutný, V.; Winkler, J.; Klem, Karel
2018 - Czech Certified methodology summarized knowledge about the impact of different non-direct (preventive) agronomic measures (crop rotations, soil tillage, fertilization using organic fertilizers and straw management) on weeds (weed seedbank and actual weed infestation), from qualitative (weed specie composition) and quantitative (intensity occurrence) point of view). There is also particular focus on rationalization of chemical methods of weed management (herbicide application). Principles of decision-making rules based on establishment of economic thresholds, optimal timing of application and optimization of herbicide doses. There is a potential for decrease of applied herbicides in cereals using of this approach, which brings not only considerable economic savings, but also reduction of negative environmental effect caused by herbicide use.\n\n Certifikovaná metodika sumarizuje poznatky o vlivu různých nepřímých (preventivních) agrotechnických opatření (osevní postupy, zpracování půdy, hnojení organickými hnojivy a management slámy) na plevele (potenciální a aktuální zaplevelení), a to jak z pohledu kvalitativního (druhové složení), tak i kvantitativního (intenzita výskytu). Dále je pozornost věnována racionalizaci chemické regulace plevelů (použití herbicidů). Jsou popsány principy rozhodovacích pravidel založených na stanovení prahů škodlivosti, optimálního termínu ochrany a optimalizaci dávek herbicidů. Těmito postupy lze snížit spotřebu používaných herbicidů v obilninách, což přináší úspory nejen v oblasti ekonomické, ale také snížení zatížení životního prostředí v důsledku používání herbicidů. Keywords: Weeds; integrated plant protection; cereals; decision making Fulltext is available at external website. Integrated weed management in cereals

Certified methodology summarized knowledge about the impact of different non-direct (preventive) agronomic measures (crop rotations, soil tillage, fertilization using organic fertilizers and straw ...

Smutný, V.; Winkler, J.; Klem, Karel
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2018

SBU_1802
Fabiánek, Tomáš; Hanuš, Jan; Fajmon, Lukáš
2018 - Czech Data Acquisition by FLIS (Flying Laboratory of Imaging Systems of Global change research institut CAS) over the localities of the villages of Krasíkovice and Kochánky was carried out on May 27. and 29., 2018. The reason for the acquisition of hyperspectral and LiDAR data was the verification of critical source sites in experimental catchments area IV. order or in parts with high concentrations of nitrates in water (including drainage). Akvizice dat Leteckou hyperspektrální laboratoří nad lokalitami v okolí obcí Krasíkovice a Kochánky proběhla 27. a 29. května 2018. Důvodem pořízení hyperspektrálních a LiDARových dat bylo ověření kritických zdrojových lokalit na experimentálních povodích IV. řádu nebo jejich částech s vysokými koncentracemi dusičnanů ve vodách (vč. drenáží). Keywords: hyperspectral data; lidar; flis Available at various institutes of the ASCR SBU_1802

Data Acquisition by FLIS (Flying Laboratory of Imaging Systems of Global change research institut CAS) over the localities of the villages of Krasíkovice and Kochánky was carried out on May 27. and ...

Fabiánek, Tomáš; Hanuš, Jan; Fajmon, Lukáš
Ústav výzkumu globální změny , 2018