Ne (420)
Ano (3)
Počet nalezených dokumentů:
423
Publikováno od
do
Původ, složení a stabilita měďnatých pigmentů v nástěnné malbě
Švarcová, Silvie; Bezdička, Petr; Hradil, David
2012 - český
Modré a zelené měďnaté pigmenty tvoří pestrou škálu chemicky blízkých avšak mineralogicky odlišných látek, což činí jejich správnou identifikaci netriviálním úkolem. Co víc, tyto pigmenty mohou být různého původu – přírodní, umělé nebo vzniklé jako důsledek koroze jiného měďnatého pigmentu. Degradace měďnatých pigmentů je vážným problémem v případech, kdy jsou výtvarná díla vystavena korozívnímu prostředí, jako je tomu u nástěnných maleb nebo polychromovaných kamenných plastik umístěných v exteriéru. Na příkladu vybraných nástěnných maleb dokumentujeme variabilitu měďnatých pigmentů používaných v historii. Problematika původu a stability měďnatých pigmentů v nástěnných malbách je řešena pomocí pokročilého mikroanalytického zkoumání barevných vrstev společně s laboratorními experimenty. V článku jsou ukázány a diskutovány mikroanalytické znaky, dokumentující přírodní i umělý původ pigmentů jakož i druhotné změny způsobené korozívním prostředím. Blue and green copper pigments occur in a wide range of chemically close, although mineralogically different species, which makes their proper identification nontrivial. Furthermore, they can be of various origins – natural, artificial or formed as a result of corrosion of another copper pigment. The degradation of copper pigments is a serious problem in case of artworks exposed to corrosive environment, such as wall paintings or exterior stone polychromes. In this paper, we document the variability of copper pigments used in history on examples of selected wall paintings. The problem of origin and stability of copper pigments in wall paintings is solved using advanced microanalytical investigation of paint layers together with the laboratory experiments. Microanalytical features documenting natural or artificial origin of copper pigments as well as their secondary changes caused by corrosive environment are shown and discussed.
Klíčová slova:
copper pigments; wall paintings; origin; corrosion
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Původ, složení a stabilita měďnatých pigmentů v nástěnné malbě
Modré a zelené měďnaté pigmenty tvoří pestrou škálu chemicky blízkých avšak mineralogicky odlišných látek, což činí jejich správnou identifikaci netriviálním úkolem. Co víc, tyto pigmenty mohou být ...
Origin, composition and stability of copper pigments in wall paintings
Švarcová, Silvie; Bezdička, Petr; Hradil, David
2012 - anglický
Blue and green copper pigments occur in a wide range of chemically close, although mineralogically different species, which makes their proper identification nontrivial. Furthermore, they can be of various origins – natural, artificial or formed as a result of corrosion of another copper pigment. The degradation of copper pigments is a serious problem in case of artworks exposed to corrosive environment, such as wall paintings or exterior stone polychromes. In this paper, we document the variability of copper pigments used in history on examples of selected wall paintings. The problem of origin and stability of copper pigments in wall paintings is solved using advanced microanalytical investigation of paint layers together with the laboratory experiments. Microanalytical features documenting natural or artificial origin of copper pigments as well as their secondary changes caused by corrosive environment are shown and discussed.
Klíčová slova:
copper pigments; wall paintings; origin; corrosion
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Origin, composition and stability of copper pigments in wall paintings
Blue and green copper pigments occur in a wide range of chemically close, although mineralogically different species, which makes their proper identification nontrivial. Furthermore, they can be of ...
Gothic painted decorations in the Gallery of the castle in Lidzbark Warminski
Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.; Švarcová, Silvie; Bezdička, Petr; Čermáková, Zdeňka; Bartlová, M.
2012 - anglický
Materials research was aimed at finding specific characteristics, which could indicate the provenance of mural paintings uncovered in Bishops castle in Lidzbark Warmiński, northeast Poland. An expected relation of these murals to Bohemian artistic workshops, which were active in the 14th century at the Emperor Charles IV’s court in Prague, was supported by further exact data. The lead-tin yellow – type II was identified by X-ray microdiffraction; up to the present day, this uncommon modification of the pigment was proved solely in the Bohemian painting of the 14th century (e.g. Master of Třeboň altarpiece) and in the Italian painting of the 14th to 16th century. Nickel is an element accompanying natural iron-based pigments and was found both in the painting and the drawing, respectively. It is possible to demonstrate that this admixture indicates the source locality of the pigment in Lower Silesia, which belonged to the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 14th century and was exploited for chrysoprases – green gemstones frequently appearing in Bohemian jewellery and wall decorations (St. Wenceslas chapel in the Prague’s cathedral, Karlštejn Castle). Lidzbark murals exhibit features similar to the panel painting, e.g. the use of tempera, natural chalk in the preparatory layer, lead pigments and madder lakes in the painting. The madder was extracted from the wool fibres, which are still clearly visible in the samples.
Klíčová slova:
Lidzbark Warmiński; Gothic mural paintings; ni-bearing laterite; chrysoprase; lead-tin yellow
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Gothic painted decorations in the Gallery of the castle in Lidzbark Warminski
Materials research was aimed at finding specific characteristics, which could indicate the provenance of mural paintings uncovered in Bishops castle in Lidzbark Warmiński, northeast Poland. An ...
Newly Found romanesque madonna of Sedes sapientiae type coming from a czech private collection with elements of west european fine arts tradition
Hradilová, J.; Hradil, David; Fogaš, I.; Zmydlená, M.
2012 - anglický
On the basis of material research, the oldest preserved polychrome carving of Madonna of Sedes sapientiae type was dated using radiocarbon method 14C to the interval of 990 – 1180. During the non-destructive research, we could observe its inner structure on the CT scans and a careful sampling enabled us to determine the technological features typical for this outstanding polychromy. These features comprise, above all, the oldest siliceous ground of specific composition, which had a practical relevance. The coloured, or only coarse-grained lower ground layer, served as a check for the depth of polish of the upper white ground – the treatment, which should result in the same thickness of the ground on all places of the uneven surface. The origin of Madonna of Sedes sapientiae type can be assigned to workshops drawing on Western-European traditions.
Klíčová slova:
madonna Sedes sapientiae; 12th century; siliceous ground; radiocarbon dating 14c
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Newly Found romanesque madonna of Sedes sapientiae type coming from a czech private collection with elements of west european fine arts tradition
On the basis of material research, the oldest preserved polychrome carving of Madonna of Sedes sapientiae type was dated using radiocarbon method 14C to the interval of 990 – 1180. During the ...
Limitations of spectroscopic methods in the study of earthy pigments
Košařová, V.; Hradil, David; Kanický, V.
2012 - anglický
Nowadays, the spectroscopic methods, above all Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), are the most frequently used analytical methods in the research of cultural heritage, which is mainly caused by easy use and non-invasiveness of these methods and a broad range of their application, which comprises both organic and inorganic substances. Nevertheless, each analytical technique has its detection limits, and the fact that a particular method is suitable for one type of a sample does not automatically mean that it will be appropriate for the identification of another sample. Therefore, the aim of the study is to demonstrate the limitations of both Raman Spectroscopy (RS) and infrared spectroscopy in the study of earthy materials.
Klíčová slova:
Raman spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; earthy pigment; clay minerals
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Limitations of spectroscopic methods in the study of earthy pigments
Nowadays, the spectroscopic methods, above all Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), are the most frequently used analytical methods in the research of cultural heritage, which is mainly caused by easy use and ...
Nově objevená románská madona typu Sedes sapientiae z české soukromé sbírky s prvky západoevropské výtvarné tradice
Hradilová, J.; Hradil, David; Fogaš, I.; Zmydlená, M.
2012 - český
Na základě materiálového průzkumu byla nejstarší dochovaná polychromovaná plastika Madona typu Sedes sapientiae datována radiokarbonovou metodou 14C do rozmezí let 990–1180. V rámci nedestruktivního zkoumání jsme z CT snímků mohli sledovat její vnitřní strukturu a ze šetrného odběru vzorků zjistit technologické znaky typické pro tuto výjimečnou polychromii. K těmto znakům patří především nejstarší křemičitý podklad specifického složení, který měl svůj praktický význam. Dobarvený nebo i jen hrubozrnný spodní podklad sloužil pravděpodobně ke kontrole hloubky leštění svrchního bílého podkladu, tedy při úpravě, jejímž cílem byla stejná tloušťka podkladu ve všech místech nerovného povrchu. Původ Madony typu Sedes sapientiae je možno řadit k dílnám vycházejícím ze západoevropských výtvarných a technologických tradic. On the basis of material research, the oldest preserved polychrome carving of Madonna of Sedes sapientiae type was dated using radiocarbon method 14C to the interval of 990 – 1180. During the non-destructive research, we could observe its inner structure on the CT scans and a careful sampling enabled us to determine the technological features typical for this outstanding polychromy. These features comprise, above all, the oldest siliceous ground of specific composition, which had a practical relevance. The coloured, or only coarse-grained lower ground layer, served as a check for the depth of polish of the upper white ground – the treatment, which should result in the same thickness of the ground on all places of the uneven surface. The origin of Madonna of Sedes sapientiae type can be assigned to workshops drawing on Western-European traditions.
Klíčová slova:
madonna Sedes sapientiae; 12th century; siliceous ground; radiocarbon dating 14c
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Nově objevená románská madona typu Sedes sapientiae z české soukromé sbírky s prvky západoevropské výtvarné tradice
Na základě materiálového průzkumu byla nejstarší dochovaná polychromovaná plastika Madona typu Sedes sapientiae datována radiokarbonovou metodou 14C do rozmezí let 990–1180. V rámci nedestruktivního ...
Preparation of nanoforms of layered piezoelectric of systems BI2O3-TA(2)O(5)-AO (A=CA,SR,BA)
Štarman, S.; Matz, V.; Kváča, Z.; Mohyla, M.; Olšák, V.; Plocek, Jiří; Vaněk, Přemysl; Tylš, B.
2011 - anglický
Based on the known Aurivillius phases types ABi2Ta2O9 and A2BiTaO6 ( A=Ca, Sr, Ba) were supplemented with new compositions of layered tantalates, which resulted the possibility of the existence of a new phase Sr2BiTaO6. Ternary compounds with piezoelectric structure were prepared as nanoforms by solgel reactions of homogeneous acetate Bi, Ta, A and subsequent annealing in a controlled atmosphere. Annealing temperature was determined from DSC curves based on the weight loss and phase transitions. Composition and structure of nanocrystals has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning nanomorphology (SEM) and acoustic measurements.
Klíčová slova:
tantalates; piezoelectricity; solgel; acoustic; measurement
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Preparation of nanoforms of layered piezoelectric of systems BI2O3-TA(2)O(5)-AO (A=CA,SR,BA)
Based on the known Aurivillius phases types ABi2Ta2O9 and A2BiTaO6 ( A=Ca, Sr, Ba) were supplemented with new compositions of layered tantalates, which resulted the possibility of the existence of a ...
Amperometric Solid-State NO2 Sensor with Ionic Liquid-Polymer Electrolyte
Nádherná, M.; Opekar, F.; Reiter, Jakub
2011 - anglický
A new ionic liquid-polymer electrolyte was successfully tested in the planar amperometric solid-state sensor sensitive towards nitrogen dioxide. The electrolyte consists of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) in the ratio 57:43 mol. %. The analyte, gaseous nitrogen dioxide in air, was determined using the electrochemical reduction at900 mV vs. Pt/air on gold minigrid indicating electrode with Pt/air as a reference electrode. Dependency of sensor sensitivity on the indicating electrode area and relative humidity was determined. The sensor response is linear in the NO2 concentration range 0.3 1.1 ppm and is reproducible and long-term stable.
Klíčová slova:
Sensor; Ionic Liquid; Nitrogen Dioxide; Gold Minigrid
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Amperometric Solid-State NO2 Sensor with Ionic Liquid-Polymer Electrolyte
A new ionic liquid-polymer electrolyte was successfully tested in the planar amperometric solid-state sensor sensitive towards nitrogen dioxide. The electrolyte consists of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ...
Nová kritéria pro klasifikaci a rozlišení jílových a železitých pigmentů různého původu
Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.; Bezdička, Petr
2010 - český
Pigmenty se železem, ačkoliv tvoří velmi početnou skupinu, nebyly nikdy považovány za příliž vhodné k datování barevných vrstev a určování provenience díky jejich hojnému výskytu v přírodě, snadné dostupnosti a používání všech historických prehistorických dobách. Pigments containing iron, although they form a very large group, have never been considered very suitable for datation of color layers and identification of the origin of the painting, due to their abundant occurrence in nature, good availability and widespread use in all historical and pre-historical periods of time. In this paper we have verified that mineralogical composition of clay minerals in earthy pigments is a suitable tool for more detailed specification of material provenance and, in the case of ground layers, also the provenance of the artwork as such. It was obviously convenient to preferably use raw materials from a close and thus also cheaper source. For the purposes of statistical comparison we evaluated elemental composition of earthy grounds on 70 paintings from the 16(th)-18(th) centuries from Czech collections. We performed detailed mineralogical analyses for a selected representative number of grounds on 35 samples in total. We discerned 6 types of material in total 2 types of boles, 3 types of other earths, and one type representing iron-rich red from oxidized zones of hydrothermal ore deposits. We were able to distinguish between earthy pigments of Central European origin (coming from Czech and Bavarian locations) and those coming from North-Italian sources. Thus we were able to assign anonymous paintings to an appropriate place of origin.
Klíčová slova:
earth pigments; earths; bole grounds; mineralogical analysis; clay minerals; X-ray microdiffraction
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Nová kritéria pro klasifikaci a rozlišení jílových a železitých pigmentů různého původu
Pigmenty se železem, ačkoliv tvoří velmi početnou skupinu, nebyly nikdy považovány za příliž vhodné k datování barevných vrstev a určování provenience díky jejich hojnému výskytu v přírodě, snadné ...
Energy sensitive X-ray radiography for the non-destructive inspection of historical paintings
Žemlička, J.; Jakůbek, J.; Hradil, David; Hradilová, J.; Kroupa, M.; Mislerová, H.
2010 - anglický
The technical composition of painted artworks is usually very complex and they belong to the most sophisticated cultural heritage artefacts. In the field of their inspection there is a rising demand for the non-destructive imaging and analytical methods which are able to reveal the inner composition of investigated objects. Several non-invasive methods based on the interaction of ionizing radiation with the matter have been successfully utilized during the last decades. These methods can be divided into two main groups. The better known are transmission methods (e.g. classical X-ray radiography) the less-used are emission methods (e.g. X-ray fluorescence imaging). The quality of the obtained image is highly dependent on the imaging characteristics of the used detector. The presently used ones (CCD cameras and CMOS sensors) create the image from analogue signal by the charge integration. This image is usually degraded by the presence of noise. This complication is exceeded by novel pixel detectors of Medipix family based on single particle digital counting. Furthermore these devices offer very high contrast (in principle unlimited) in the obtained image. The image can be acquired with spatial resolution better than one micrometer. Another advantage of these detectors is their ability to directly measure the energy of incident particles. This feature can be used for energy sensitive X-ray radiography (i.e. multi-channel images) and X-ray fluorescence mapping of the surface elemental composition. For the purposes of this work the laboratory ALMA in Prague prepared several multilayer samples of paints using different pigments. The results of mentioned methods applied on the test samples are summarized in this article. The first goal of these measurements is to build a comprehensive methodology for the application of these procedures in the laboratory.
Klíčová slova:
Pixel detector; X-ray transmission radiography; X-ray fluorescence imaging; Painted arts pigment analysis
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Energy sensitive X-ray radiography for the non-destructive inspection of historical paintings
The technical composition of painted artworks is usually very complex and they belong to the most sophisticated cultural heritage artefacts. In the field of their inspection there is a rising demand ...
NUŠL poskytuje centrální přístup k informacím o šedé literatuře vznikající v ČR v oblastech vědy, výzkumu a vzdělávání. Více informací o šedé literatuře a NUŠL najdete na webu služby.
Vaše náměty a připomínky posílejte na email nusl@techlib.cz
Provozovatel
Zahraniční báze