“Play What I Sing”: Economic Potential of the Bearers of Music Tradition in the Cultural Memory of the Czech Lands
Uhlíková, Lucie; Pavlicová, M.
2021 - English
The economic conditions of folk musicians or their remuneration have been mentioned rather inconsistently in sources and literature of the Czech lands. The participation of musicians in ceremonies, traditions and customs of the calendar, or family occasions was one of their natural activities in rural communities. There are relatively frequent references to paying for a song (which involved leading the singing) and playing according to a demonstrated song, which was widespread in the context of folk dances. Musicians played not only for money, but also for food, drink, or special benefits in kind. For itinerant musicians and singers, musical performances were a major source of their livelihood. Many outstanding rural musicians also earned a living by teaching various instruments. From the end of the 19th century, folk musicians and dancers found more occasions to present themselves to the public, which increased an interest in the financial issue of their production. With the coming of brass music bands and other novelty groups, older traditional rural music groups lost not only their cultural capital, but their economic capital as well. Gradually, however, the emerging folklore movement strengthened the position of folk musicians, including their financial rewards. The question of the remuneration of folk musicians has resonated in cultural memory, thus adding to the unbiased image of traditional folk culture.
Keywords:
folk music and dance; transforamtion of tradition; cultural capital; social capital
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
“Play What I Sing”: Economic Potential of the Bearers of Music Tradition in the Cultural Memory of the Czech Lands
The economic conditions of folk musicians or their remuneration have been mentioned rather inconsistently in sources and literature of the Czech lands. The participation of musicians in ceremonies, ...
Records of verbal folklore in Wallachia within the so-called Wollman collector's event
Pospíšilová, Jana
2021 - Czech
The result of a collector's action of Frank Wollman's students in 1930-1931 in Wallachia is 400 texts of fairy tales, legends, etc. They will be part of the upcoming edition. Výsledkem sběratelské akce studentů Franka Wollmana v letech 1930-1931 na Valašsku je 400 textů pohádek, pověstí atd. Budou součástí připravované edice.
Keywords:
Frank Wollman; region Wallachia; Oral traditions
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Records of verbal folklore in Wallachia within the so-called Wollman collector's event
The result of a collector's action of Frank Wollman's students in 1930-1931 in Wallachia is 400 texts of fairy tales, legends, etc. They will be part of the upcoming edition.
Between the Countryside and the City: Changes of the Living Space of Folk Traditions and the Development of the Folklore Movement in the Czech Lands in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Uhlíková, Lucie
2020 - Czech
The folklore movement in the Czech lands is not related only to the development of cultural policy after the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It is also connected to the period of enthusiasm that immediately followed the ending of World War II in Europe, although its importance is rooted in the inter-war development of Czechoslovakia and older activities. Gradually, a new stage and musical genre were developed that were represented by outstanding personalities, who became role models for the way they worked with folklore. This related predominantly to rural culture; however, very soon the city became its new environment. Various activities of folk ensembles contributed to the fact that in the second half of the 20th century, folk traditions became not only a space for artistic self-realization, but an important form of sociocultural capital at the local and regional levels. Folklorní hnutí v českých zemích nevzniká teprve v důsledku kulturněpolitického vývoje po únoru 1948, kdy v Československu přezvali moc komunisté, nýbrž souvisí s euforickým obdobím těsně po druhé světové válce a navazuje také na vývoj v meziválečném Československu i na starší activity. Postupně vznikl nový jevištní i hudební žánr reprezentovanými výraznými osobnostmi, které se stávaly vzory pro způsob práce s folklorním materiálem. Ten souvisel především s kulturou venkova, jeho novým životním prostorem se však stalo zejména město. Aktivity folklorních souborů přispěly k tomu, že lidové tradice se ve druhé polovině 20. století staly nejen prostorem pro uměleckou seberealizaci, ale také důležitým sociokulturním kapitálem na úrovni lokální i regionální.
Keywords:
folklore movement in Czechoslovakia; Folk ensemble; folklore on stage; culture and politics; tradition as political capital
Fulltext is available at external website.
Between the Countryside and the City: Changes of the Living Space of Folk Traditions and the Development of the Folklore Movement in the Czech Lands in the Second Half of the 20th Century
The folklore movement in the Czech lands is not related only to the development of cultural policy after the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It is also connected to the period of ...
Music, time, and space in a progressive reflection of Leoš Janáček
Procházková, Jarmila
2020 - Czech
The paper focuses on that specific part of Janáček’s theory of music that deals with the relationship of music and space, thus logically including the term time as a continuum in which music takes place. Janáček found ideal study material in speech melodies (nápěvky) and in folk song, that is, in an area not touched negatively by literary (written) petrification. This enabled him to observe manifestations that originated spontaneously in rhythm and expression. The paper also deals with later reflections by Janáček of the specific connection of music with space, that is, the psychological internalization of music matter. Janáček found the theoretical explanation of folk song partly in geographical determinism. In his opinion, mesological influences determine the regionally-specific features of melody, rhythm, and other components of folk music. New philosophical and methodological influences, including Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, could be observed in Janáček’s theory in the beginning of the 1920s. The composer stopped using the term space-time, which included encoded variability and the independence of the observer. It was this subjectivity of the observer, presupposing shifts in time and thus in meaning, that became a part of Janáček’s understanding of the musical material, both in the reception phase and especially in the process of creation. This view supported Janáček’s tendency towards the tectonic concept of music structure, affirming him in his sophisticated work with time layers and consequently helping him create unique deeds in dramaturgy in the area of composing opera music. Příspěvek se soustřeďuje na tu část Janáčkovy teorie hudby, která byla zaměřena na souvztažnost hudby a prostoru, a tím i logicky zahrnovala termín čas jako kontinuum, ve kterém hudba probíhá. Ideální studijní materiál Janáček nalezl v nápěvcích mluvy a v lidové písni, tedy v oblastech nezatížených písemnou (psanou) petrifikací a umožňujících sledovat rytmicky a výrazově spontánně vznikající projevy. Studie se zabývá také pozdějšími Janáčkovými reflexemi specifické vazby hudby na prostor, kterou je psychická interiorizace hudební matérie. Teoretické vysvětlení týkající se lidové písně Janáček částečně nalezl v geografickém determinismu – „mesologické vlivy“ jsou podle něj příčinou regionálně specifických rysů v melodii, rytmice a dalších složkách lidové hudby. Na začátku druhého desetiletí 20. století je možné v Janáčkově teorii vysledovat nové filosofické a metodologické, včetně Einsteinovy teorie relativity. Skladatel rezignoval na termín prostoročas, který má v sobě zakódovanou variabilitu a nezávislost na pozorovateli. Právě subjektivita pozorovatele, předpokládající časové i tím i významové posuny, se stala součástí Janáčkova nazírání na hudební materiál jak ve fázi recepce, tak zejména v tvůrčím procesu. Tento náhled podpořil Janáčkovu tendenci k tektonickému pojetí hudební struktury, utvrdil jej v sofistikované práci s časovými vrstvami a ve svém důsledku tak dopomohl k vytvoření dramaturgicky unikátních počinů v oblasti operní tvorby.
Keywords:
Leoš Janáček; (folk) music theory; geographical determinism; theory of relativity; rhythmic organization of music
Fulltext is available at external website.
Music, time, and space in a progressive reflection of Leoš Janáček
The paper focuses on that specific part of Janáček’s theory of music that deals with the relationship of music and space, thus logically including the term time as a continuum in which music takes ...
Between the Countryside and the City: Changes of the Living Space of Folk Traditions and the Development of the Folklore Movement in the Czech Lands in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Uhlíková, Lucie
2020 - English
The folklore movement in the Czech lands is not related only to the development of cultural policy after the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It is also connected to the period of enthusiasm that immediately followed the ending of World War II in Europe, although its importance is rooted in the inter-war development of Czechoslovakia and older activities. Gradually, a new stage and musical genre were developed that were represented by outstanding personalities, who became role models for the way they worked with folklore. This related predominantly to rural culture, however, very soon the city became its new environment. Various activities of folk ensembles contributed to the fact that in the second half of the 20th century, folk traditions became not only a space for artistic self-realization, but an important form of sociocultural capital at the local and regional levels.
Keywords:
Folklore movement in Czechoslovakia; folk ensemble; culture and politics; tradition as a political capital; revitalization of tradition
Fulltext is available at external website.
Between the Countryside and the City: Changes of the Living Space of Folk Traditions and the Development of the Folklore Movement in the Czech Lands in the Second Half of the 20th Century
The folklore movement in the Czech lands is not related only to the development of cultural policy after the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It is also connected to the period of ...
Folk Song and Space: Examples from Moravia and Silesia
Toncrová, Marta
2020 - Czech
The article deals with the relationship of space and folk song, using examples from research on music folklore and folk singing in Moravia and Silesia. While some songs were not connected to specific environments, others were often or exclusively performed indoors, while others had to be performed in the open space. The impact of space upon a song was sometimes strengthened by the function of the song: either intimate singing, or singing connected with dance. Článek se zabývá vztahem prostoru a lidové písně na příkladu výzkumu hudebního folkloru a lidové zpěvnosti na Moravě a ve Slezsku. Některé písně nebyly vázány na konkrétní prostředí, jiné zněly častěji nebo výhradně v interiéru, pro interpretaci dalších byl potřeba volný prostor. Působení prostoru na píseň někdy umocňovala také jejich funkce: vznikaly tak rozdíly mezi intimním zpěvním přednesem a zpěvem spojeným s tancem.
Keywords:
folklore; folk song; spatial interpretation of folk song
Fulltext is available at external website.
Folk Song and Space: Examples from Moravia and Silesia
The article deals with the relationship of space and folk song, using examples from research on music folklore and folk singing in Moravia and Silesia. While some songs were not connected to specific ...
Between the „ruchadlo“ and the Czech Cottage: The (Non-)Discovery of the „Folk“ Culture Invention in the 19th Century and its Impact on Research into Vernacular Culture
Woitsch, Jiří
2020 - Czech
The article presents and uses specific examples (swing plow called ruchadlo and timber vernacular dwelling houses) to analyze the conceptualization of the common people and vernacular culture in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Two opposing beliefs on the ability of the non-elites to be actively creative were typical for this era. The one side assumed a completely passive taking over of patterns, technologies, etc. from economically and socially more advanced environments, while the other attributed exceptional creative abilities to „regular folk,“ some even leading to historic discoveries. These two concepts strongly resonated in various Central European trends in the humanities and social sciences throughout the entire 20th century. This was symptomatic, especially in those instances, where historians, museologists, art historians or even non-academic experts were the ones conducting the research. Both lines of thought share the highly problematic notion of viewing the people as a creative collective entity or a passive entity. Ve studii jsou představeny a na konkrétních příkladech diskutovány konceptualizace lidu a tzv. lidové kultury v 19. a počátkem 20. století, pro které byly typické dva krajní póly představ o schopnostech neelitních vrstev společnosti aktivním způsobem tvořit. Zastánci jednoho z těchto přístupů předpokládali bezvýhradné a pasivní přejímání vzorů, technologií apod. z ekonomicky a sociálně vyspělejšího prostředí, představitelé druhého připisovali „lidu“ neobyčejné tvůrčí schopnosti vedoucí až ke vzniku epochálních vynálezů. Tyto koncepty silně rezonovaly v nejrůznějších středoevropských směrech humanitních a sociálních věd po celé 20. století – zcela symptomaticky, zejména v případech, kdy se výzkumu „lidové kultury“ věnovali historici, muzeologové, uměnovědci nebo naprostí laici. Oba směry spojuje krajně problematická představa lidu jako kolektivní tvůrčí nebo naopak zcela pasivní entity.
Keywords:
history of ethnology; folk; creative activity; vernacular architecture
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Between the „ruchadlo“ and the Czech Cottage: The (Non-)Discovery of the „Folk“ Culture Invention in the 19th Century and its Impact on Research into Vernacular Culture
The article presents and uses specific examples (swing plow called ruchadlo and timber vernacular dwelling houses) to analyze the conceptualization of the common people and vernacular culture in the ...
From Folklore to World Music: Music and Space. Introduction
Toncrová, Marta
2020 - English
Introduction to the 17th annual conference “From folklore to world music”.
Keywords:
folk music; ethnic music; music and space; folklore; cultural studies
Fulltext is available at external website.
From Folklore to World Music: Music and Space. Introduction
Introduction to the 17th annual conference “From folklore to world music”.
Partial Memory Loss: Sacred Folk Songs of the Czech Lands
Uhlíková, Lucie; Toncrová, Marta
2019 - English
The paper deals with religious folk songs of the Czech lands, their origin and development. It illustrates how sacred songs came into the folk singing tradition, how they spread within it and how they were transformed, commenting also on their primary religious function.
Keywords:
Czech religious/sacred songs; folk songs; religion and folk culture; variational process and sacred songs; totalitarian censorship; folklore and communication memory
Fulltext is available at external website.
Partial Memory Loss: Sacred Folk Songs of the Czech Lands
The paper deals with religious folk songs of the Czech lands, their origin and development. It illustrates how sacred songs came into the folk singing tradition, how they spread within it and how they ...
Partial Memory Loss: Sacred Folk Songs of the Czech Lands
Uhlíková, Lucie; Toncrová, Marta
2019 - English
The paper deals with religious folk songs of the Czech lands, their origin and development. It illustrates how sacred songs came into the folk singing tradition, how they spread within it and how they were transformed, commenting also on their primary religious function.
Keywords:
Czech religious/sacred songs; folk songs; religion and folk culture; variational process and sacred songs; totalitarian censorship; folklore and communication memory
Fulltext is available at external website.
Partial Memory Loss: Sacred Folk Songs of the Czech Lands
The paper deals with religious folk songs of the Czech lands, their origin and development. It illustrates how sacred songs came into the folk singing tradition, how they spread within it and how they ...
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