Ano (312)
Počet nalezených dokumentů:
312
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Anti-social behavior in groups
Bauer, Michal; Cahlíková, J.; Celik Katreniak, D.; Chytilová, Julie; Cingl, L.; Želinský, T.
2018 - anglický
This paper provides strong evidence supporting the long-standing speculation that decisionmaking in groups has a dark side, by magnifying the prevalence of anti-social behavior towards outsiders. A large-scale experiment implemented in Slovakia and Uganda (N=2,309) reveals that deciding in a group with randomly assigned peers increases the prevalence of anti-social behavior that reduces everyone’s payoff but which improves the relative position of own group. The effects are driven by the influence of a group context on individual behavior, rather than by group deliberation. The observed patterns are strikingly similar on both continents.
Klíčová slova:
antisocial behavior; aggressive competitiveness; group membership
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Anti-social behavior in groups
This paper provides strong evidence supporting the long-standing speculation that decisionmaking in groups has a dark side, by magnifying the prevalence of anti-social behavior towards outsiders. A ...
Do higher wages produce career politicians? Evidence from two discontinuity designs
Palguta, J.; Pertold, Filip
2018 - anglický
Wages paid to politicians affect both the selection of candidates into electoral races and the on-the-job performance incentives of incumbents. We differentiate between selection and incentive effects using two regression discontinuity designs based on: 1) population thresholds shifting politicians' wages and 2) electoral seat thresholds splitting candidates into those who narrowly won or lost. We find that higher wages do not increase the electoral incumbency advantage, suggesting that the incentive effect of higher wages does not impact re-election rates. We further show that higher wages motivate narrowly elected incumbents to run again much less often than past narrowly non-elected candidates.
Klíčová slova:
re-election; political selection; electoral competition
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Do higher wages produce career politicians? Evidence from two discontinuity designs
Wages paid to politicians affect both the selection of candidates into electoral races and the on-the-job performance incentives of incumbents. We differentiate between selection and incentive effects ...
Recollecting versus Remembering : On the Era of the New Folk Songs in Czechoslovakia during the Totalitarian Regime
Uhlíková, Lucie
2018 - anglický
The paper explores memory in connection with the new folk songs which originated in totalitarian Czechoslovakia within the folk movement. These songs were written in the spirit of folk tradition, but they had topical content, which often showed political motive and propagandist intent.
Klíčová slova:
folk song; totalitarianism; culture politics; folklorism; the misuse of cultural heritage
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Recollecting versus Remembering : On the Era of the New Folk Songs in Czechoslovakia during the Totalitarian Regime
The paper explores memory in connection with the new folk songs which originated in totalitarian Czechoslovakia within the folk movement. These songs were written in the spirit of folk tradition, but ...
Folklore Revival Movements in Europe post 1950. Shifting Contexts and Perspectives.
Stavělová, Daniela
2018 - anglický
This collection of papers emerges from a symposium on the folklore revival movement of the second half of the twentieth century which was held in Prague in October 2017. As the current findings of ongoing research in this volume demonstrate, across Europe, the performance and investigation of folklore revival movements, especially music and dance, is of vital interest and relevance to understanding their manifestation in the second half of the twentieth century. This present collection opens the door to further critical examination of the power of such cultural practices, their political salience, whether at national, institutional or individual levels, and their deep-seated impact on people who have encountered and evaluated folk revivalism in their lives.
Klíčová slova:
folklore revival movement; politics; dance
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Folklore Revival Movements in Europe post 1950. Shifting Contexts and Perspectives.
This collection of papers emerges from a symposium on the folklore revival movement of the second half of the twentieth century which was held in Prague in October 2017. As the current findings of ...
What accounts for successful aging? – A dialogical self view
Filip, Miroslav; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva
2018 - anglický
From the psychological perspective, older adults who are unsuccessful in aging (experiencing, for instance, depression, low well-being, or low life satisfaction) have been often considered unable to accept their own past including life losses. However, such an explanation may be too trivial. For example, an inability to accept the past may be a natural component of depressive thinking and not a separate variable that accounts for depression. Unsuccessful aging can alternatively be explained by focusing on processes of meaning construction of various aspects of one’s own life. The theory of the dialogical self describes these processes in terms of the development of an internal dialogue. An aging-successful older adult should develop a lifereviewing internal dialogue with adaptive features, such as differentiation or integration of various and often contradictory „I-positions.” Methods: Narrative analyses based on the theory of the dialogical self were applied to Life Story Interviews with 32 older adults (aged from 70 to 93 years). According to the presence of the adaptive features in narratives, various types of life-reviewing internal dialogues were identi-fied. The validity of these types was examined by their scores on the Reminiscence Function Scale (RFS). Respondents who used the respective types were compared in terms of well-being (Mood Adjective Checklist - MAC) and meaningfulness of life (Meaning in Life Questionnaire - MLQ). Results/Discussion: The narrative analysis yielded three types of life-reviewing dialogues according to how they are elaborated and adaptive: differentiated dialogue (low adaptive), progressive dialogue, and integrated dialogue (highly adaptive). The validity of these types was sup-\nported by differences on the RFS: participants with the progressive dialogue reported more frequent reminiscence activities to resolve past conflicts and to reconstruct their identity. As hy-\npothesized, scores indicating successful aging on the scales MAC and MLQ were higher in respondents with the integrated life-reviewing dialogue.
Klíčová slova:
successful aging; dialogical self theory; narrative analysis; life review; reminiscence
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
What accounts for successful aging? – A dialogical self view
From the psychological perspective, older adults who are unsuccessful in aging (experiencing, for instance, depression, low well-being, or low life satisfaction) have been often considered unable to ...
Knowledge exchange and productivity spill-overs in Bangladeshi garment factories
Menzel, Andreas
2017 - anglický
Productivity spill-overs within firms have commonly been used as a proxy measure for organizational learning. Using novel data from more than 200 production lines in three garment factories in Bangladesh, this paper extends the evidence on such productivity spill-over in two directions. First, I find that spatial distance within firms matters greatly for the strengths of productivity spill-overs, while product complexity matters little. This has important implications for firms in rapidly developing countries such as Bangladesh, as spill-over strength seems less affected when firms upgrade to more complex products, but seems more affected if firms grow larger. Second, I provide evidence from a randomized communication intervention in the three factories to determine the extent to which productivity spill-overs are indeed a measure of knowledge exchange within firms, and not of other types of peer effects, such as competition. In the intervention, randomly selected line supervisors were instructed by their superiors to share production knowledge when their lines were allocated the same garment for production. The intervention increased the strength of the productivity spill-overs between the targeted production lines. It thus supports the view that productivity spill-overs can be used as a measure of knowledge exchange within firms.
Klíčová slova:
learning; productivity; firms
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Knowledge exchange and productivity spill-overs in Bangladeshi garment factories
Productivity spill-overs within firms have commonly been used as a proxy measure for organizational learning. Using novel data from more than 200 production lines in three garment factories in ...
Living on the Edge: Integration vs. Modularity in the Phonology of Czech Anglicisms
Duběda, Tomáš
2017 - anglický
The article discusses different aspects of the phonology of Czech Anglicisms, categorizing the adaptation mechanisms into “integrative” and “modular.” The integrative mechanisms include the Phonological Approximation Principle, the Spelling Pronunciation Principle, and different types of analogies. The modular mechanisms, which increase the autonomy of the subsystem of Anglicisms, include the Original Pronunciation Principle, the presence of marked phonemes or phonotactic structures, phonological variability resulting from the competition between adaptation principles, irregular mapping between phonology and spelling, as well as underlying links to English phonology. Quantitative evidence is provided for some of these tendencies, and several psycholinguistic hypotheses are formulated in connection with the adaptation model.
Klíčová slova:
Czech; English; Anglicisms; loanwords; loanword adaptation; phonology
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Living on the Edge: Integration vs. Modularity in the Phonology of Czech Anglicisms
The article discusses different aspects of the phonology of Czech Anglicisms, categorizing the adaptation mechanisms into “integrative” and “modular.” The integrative mechanisms include the ...
Architectura recreationis: Lusthaus or Summer Palace, a Successful Building Type in Early Modern Europe
Muchka, Ivan
2017 - anglický
The article will examine the definition of one building type, that of Lusthaus or summer palace (in comparison to another term with a very broad historical sense – villa), in order to be able to interpret better the concrete examples of this type. In validating the formal possibilities and refining the functions, builders and architects were able to achieve more cultivated results of their work.
Klíčová slova:
architecture; summer palaces; architectural typology; early modern era
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
Architectura recreationis: Lusthaus or Summer Palace, a Successful Building Type in Early Modern Europe
The article will examine the definition of one building type, that of Lusthaus or summer palace (in comparison to another term with a very broad historical sense – villa), in order to be able to ...
The effect of shame in dictator games with information asymmetry
Miklánek, Tomáš
2017 - anglický
This study introduces a theoretical model of inequality aversion which can also be used in an environment with information asymmetries. The model is based on the non-paternalistic approach where, the own utility function incorporates the utility of other people as perceived by a decision maker. Moreover it allows extensions for other motives which may result in pro-social behavior. I extend the model by adding shame aversion as an additional driver for apparently altruistic behavior. Threat of shame is induced by different levels of exposure of either own actions or identity to the third party observers. I also experimentally test predictions of the model using a very simple environment of a dictator’s game. The experimental design aims to remove additional\nconfounding behavioral effects present in the previous literature. The results suggest that even a very small exposure results in significantly higher amounts sent to recipients. The analysis also shows that the agents, who believe that they can conceal their own actions in front of the less informed counterpart, exploit this information asymmetry for their monetary benefit.
Klíčová slova:
shame; dictator game; anonymity
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
The effect of shame in dictator games with information asymmetry
This study introduces a theoretical model of inequality aversion which can also be used in an environment with information asymmetries. The model is based on the non-paternalistic approach where, the ...
Ego-utility and endogenous information acquisition: an experimental study
Miklánek, Tomáš
2017 - anglický
This paper examines endogenous decisions to acquire useful information. My experimental design tries to test predictions of ego-utility theories and other relevant theories about the decision-making process of agents in the environment with costless signals. Only slightly more than half of the subjects acquired an optimal number of the signals for payoff maximization. The results suggest that for the subjects making sub-optimal decisions, aversion to cognitive dissonance is the prevalent channel. Contrary to this, I find much less support for the ego-utility theory and theory of information ignorance in my setting. The availability of information alone does not automatically lead to an improvement in decisions.
Klíčová slova:
information acquisition; experiment; overconfidence
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Ego-utility and endogenous information acquisition: an experimental study
This paper examines endogenous decisions to acquire useful information. My experimental design tries to test predictions of ego-utility theories and other relevant theories about the decision-making ...
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