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Diurnal changes of monoterpene fluxes in Norway spruce forest
Juráň, Stanislav; Fares, S.; Křůmal, Kamil; Večeřa, Zbyněk; Urban, Otmar
2015 - anglický
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of biosphere–atmosphere exchange. Their emissions depend on various meteorological parameters and stresses. Diurnal fluxes of different monoterpenes were studied within a Norway spruce (Picea abies) mountain forest to investigate their dependence on temperature and global radiation. Fluxes of monoterpenes, the most abundant BVOCs in spruce, were modelled using an inverse Lagrangian transport model, and representative diurnal variation trigged by both temperature and light was observed. This research enables future parametrization and quantification of various factors driving bidirectional fluxes.
Klíčová slova:
diurnal dynamics; Norway spruce
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Diurnal changes of monoterpene fluxes in Norway spruce forest
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of biosphere–atmosphere exchange. Their emissions depend on various meteorological parameters and stresses. Diurnal fluxes of ...
Comparative growth characterization of frequently used substrains of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under varying culture conditions
Zavřel, Tomáš; Očenášová, Petra; Sinětova, M. A.; Červený, Jan
2015 - anglický
Cyanobacteria have gained increased attention as ideal candidates for biotechnological applications due to their capacity to produce valuable molecules ranging from therapeutic proteins to biofuels. Their natural phenotypic plasticity in highly dynamic environments enables easy deployment of new biotechnologies as well as opening possibilities for genetic engineering. This contribution presents a new approach to fast and reliable characterization of cyanobacteria growth in a flat panel photobioreactor that enables examination of changing light, temperature, and nutrient availability. The utilization of semi-continuous automatic cultivation with real-time culture growth monitoring provides a strong experimental basis for both characterization and optimization of cyanobacteria cultures in photobioreactors. We first characterized the autotrophic growth of the substrain of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 denoted as GT-L. This strain is capable of efficient growth under a wide range of environmental conditions with doubling time as fast as 5 h under favorable conditions. However, differences among Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 substrains have been identified on both the genotype and phenotype levels. We therefore aimed to utilize the experimental platform to characterize multiple commonly used Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 substrains. This method will enable us to identify substrains capable of robust growth and high production yields as reliable biotechnological candidates.
Klíčová slova:
growth characterization; cyanobacterium Synechocystis; culture conditions
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Comparative growth characterization of frequently used substrains of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under varying culture conditions
Cyanobacteria have gained increased attention as ideal candidates for biotechnological applications due to their capacity to produce valuable molecules ranging from therapeutic proteins to biofuels. ...
A system for environmental monitoring of the Russian Vostochny spaceport
Mochalov, V. F.; Grigorieva, O.; Brovkina, Olga; Potrjasaev, S.
2015 - anglický
The main objective of this study is to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the environment on the Vostochny spaceport’s large territory using remote sensing data. Time series satellite and airborne data enabled us to analyze the landscape elements that were under active construction. A methodology for comprehensive environmental assessment was developed and applied to the study area. The methodology included ecological zoning of the territory based on the degree of anthropogenic intensity using original software. The results showed that (1) the level of anthropogenic load increased by 21% from 2013 to 2014, (2) the environmental stability index area decreased by 21%, and (3) the relative tension index of the territory’s environmental situation decreased by more than 25%.
Klíčová slova:
environmental monitoring; vostochny spaceport
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
A system for environmental monitoring of the Russian Vostochny spaceport
The main objective of this study is to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the environment on the Vostochny spaceport’s large territory using remote sensing data. Time series satellite and airborne ...
Attribution of European temperature variability during 1882–2010: A statistical perspective
Mikšovský, Jiří; Pišoft, P.
2015 - anglický
Gridded monthly temperature data (GISTEMP and Berkeley Earth) covering the European region were investigated for the presence of components attributable to climate forcings, both anthropogenic and natural, and to major modes of internal climate variability. Effects of individual predictors were separated by multiple linear regression applied to time series over 1882–2010. It was shown that the presence of a warming trend correlated with greenhouse gases concentration was generally strong in European temperatures and typically combined with mild cooling ascribable to anthropogenic aerosols. Components attributable to variations in solar activity were rather weak and not statistically significant in most locations, as were the imprints of large volcanic eruptions. A strong association between North Atlantic Oscillation phase and temperature was confirmed for much of Europe, while temperature oscillations synchronized with the El Niño Southern Oscillation were quite limited in magnitude and displayed low levels of statistical significance. The influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation was noticeable particularly in the western-most parts of Europe, whereas the Pacific Decadal Oscillation’s significant impact extended to Scandinavia.
Klíčová slova:
european temperature; climatology
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Attribution of European temperature variability during 1882–2010: A statistical perspective
Gridded monthly temperature data (GISTEMP and Berkeley Earth) covering the European region were investigated for the presence of components attributable to climate forcings, both anthropogenic and ...
Documentary evidence as a source of data for studying droughts in the Czech lands
Řezníčková, Ladislava; Brázdil, Rudolf; Kotyza, O.; Valášek, H.
2015 - anglický
Information about past droughts may be derived from the various kinds of documentary evidence. Documentary data are particularly applicable to the pre-instrumental period but may also be used for the overlapping period with instrumental records. They are extracted from written narrative sources, weather diaries, personal and official letters, newspapers, religious records, epigraphic sources, and other sources. Direct descriptions of weather facilitate identification of meteorological droughts, while descriptions of drought impacts are used to identify agricultural and hydrological droughts. Documentary evidence enabled the creation of series of precipitation indices which classify dry months on a scale of –1 (dry), –2 (very dry), and –3 (extremely dry). In this way, it is possible to study the frequency, seasonality, severity, and impacts of drought episodes in the pre-instrumental period.
Klíčová slova:
Czech Lands; data for studying droughts; weather
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Documentary evidence as a source of data for studying droughts in the Czech lands
Information about past droughts may be derived from the various kinds of documentary evidence. Documentary data are particularly applicable to the pre-instrumental period but may also be used for the ...
Analysis of poplar water-use efficiency at Domanínek experimental site
Hlaváčová, M.; Fischer, Milan; Tripathi, Abishek; Orság, Matěj; Trnka, Miroslav
2015 - anglický
The main objective of this study was to test if water-use efficiency (WUE) values are higher for short-rotation poplar coppice than they are for field crops. WUE of woody biomass was determined for 16 trees within a short-rotation poplar coppiced culture (poplar clone J-105) in the within the Czech Republic during the 2013 growing season. Total WUE of woody biomass for the 16 measured trees was 4.93 g kg−1 when calculated with the data set without a vapour pressure deficit condition and 4.63 g kg−1 when calculated with the data set with a vapour pressure deficit condition. Poplar clone J-105 is a tree species with relatively high WUE, but some crops or short-rotation coppice species can reach higher or comparable WUE values.
Klíčová slova:
water-use efficiency; Bohemian–Moravian Highlands; woody biomass; Czech Republice
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Analysis of poplar water-use efficiency at Domanínek experimental site
The main objective of this study was to test if water-use efficiency (WUE) values are higher for short-rotation poplar coppice than they are for field crops. WUE of woody biomass was determined for ...
CN-PAGE as a tool for separating pigment–protein complexes and studying their thermal stability in spruce and barley thylakoid membranes
Kurasová, Irena; Svrčinová, K.; Karlický, Václav; Špunda, Vladimír
2015 - anglický
The central aim of our study was to develop a method for solubilization and native electrophoretic (colourless native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; CN-PAGE) separation of pigment–protein complexes (PPCs) embedded in thylakoid membranes (tBMs) isolated from spruce. Subsequently, we focused on studying the effect of temperature on the composition and PPC stability of two different species: barley and spruce. We found that the mild detergent n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside (β-DM) is suitable for PPC solubilization of spruce tBMs, but longer solubilization and a higher ratio of detergent to total chlorophyll are needed for spruce than are needed for barley. We also unified CN-PAGE protocols to optimize the separation of spruce and barley PPCs that resulted in the separation of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes (SCs), PSI and PSII core dimers, PSII core monomers, trimeric and monomeric light-harvesting complexes of PSII, and bands with free pigments. Studying the effect of elevated temperature on PPCs using CN-PAGE revealed different thermal stability of PPCs in spruce and barley tBMs. Pronounced PPCs changes were observed at temperatures at or above 40°C. We observed partial disappearance of PSII SCs bands at 44°C in barley and at 52°C in spruce. In addition, spruce PSI SCs exhibited slightly higher thermal stability than did barley PSI SCs. The increased thermal stability of spruce tBMS in comparison to that of barley tBM was also confirmed by the circular dichroism spectra of isolated tBMs at different temperatures (Karlický et al. 2015).
Klíčová slova:
thermal stability; barley thylakoid
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
CN-PAGE as a tool for separating pigment–protein complexes and studying their thermal stability in spruce and barley thylakoid membranes
The central aim of our study was to develop a method for solubilization and native electrophoretic (colourless native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; CN-PAGE) separation of pigment–protein ...
Development of methods for breeding high-lipidcontent algal strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using fluorescence-activated cell sorting
Fedorko, Jan; Búzová, Diana; Červený, Jan
2015 - anglický
Green microalgae are among the most widely distributed microorganisms in the biosphere. They are significant contributors to global photosynthetic productivity and are interesting for biotechnology due to their large variety of high-value compound accumulation and range of applications. To achieve profitable microalgae cultures for biotechnology, one wants to combine antagonistic properties: rapid growth and high accumulation of specific compounds. Here, we focus on development of advanced cultivation strategies and breeding methods applied to the model algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for optimized production of lipids. For identification, isolation, and subsequent selection of an optimal subpopulation with high lipid content, we used high-throughput fluorescenceactivated cell sorting in combination with imaging flow cytometry on cells stained with lipid-specific fluorescent dye. We observed that post-sort cell viability was not negatively influenced by external parameters used during the sorting procedure (pressure, light quality and quantity, influence of the sorting electromagnetic field, toxic effects of both fluorescent marker and microfluidic system medium composition).
Klíčová slova:
breeding high-lipidcontent; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Development of methods for breeding high-lipidcontent algal strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using fluorescence-activated cell sorting
Green microalgae are among the most widely distributed microorganisms in the biosphere. They are significant contributors to global photosynthetic productivity and are interesting for biotechnology ...
Monitoring of water use, druought and yield impacts of winter wheat using imaginery from satellites
Jurečka, František; Anderson, M.; Hlavinka, Petr; Semerádová, Daniela; Trnka, Miroslav; Hain, C.; Gao, F.; Yang, Y.; Žalud, Zdeněk
2015 - anglický
Remote sensing can be very useful tool for drought monitoring, providing valuable information about yield-limiting moisture conditions and crop response under current climate conditions. In this study the Atmosphere-land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model was used. The ALEXI model uses the morning surface temperature (LST) rise and provides information on the surface moisture status. In this paper correlations between yields and satellite indicators of crop water use or evapotranspiration (ET) were studied for the period 2002-2014. Correlations were studied for winter wheat at district scale in Vysocina, Jihomoravsky and Olomoucky regions since winter wheat is one of the traditional and most important crops grown in these regions. The Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) was used for these correlations as an ET-based index. Time series of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) computed between ESI and winter wheat yields at district scale were analysed. Strongest correlations are associated with districts within the Southern Moravian lowlands in Jihomoravsky and Olomoucky region, where frequency of occurrence of severe drought was highest over the period of record. Severe drought resulted in significant yield impacts, particularly in years 2003 and 2012. Correlations tend to be lower over the highlands districts of Vysocina and surroundings. In these districts, yields are more temperature than moisture limited and were more stable over the period of record.
Klíčová slova:
evaporative stress index; Remote sensing; drought; yield; alexi; esi
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Monitoring of water use, druought and yield impacts of winter wheat using imaginery from satellites
Remote sensing can be very useful tool for drought monitoring, providing valuable information about yield-limiting moisture conditions and crop response under current climate conditions. In this study ...
The relationships of soil CO2 flux with selected Norway spruce root parameters and sterol content in the soil
Holub, Filip; Fabiánek, Tomáš; Večeřová, Kristýna; Moos, Martin; Oravec, Michal; Tříska, Jan; Marková, I.; Edwards, Magda; Cudlín, Pavel
2015 - anglický
The flow of CO2 from the soil is a very important part of the carbon cycle in an ecosystem. The aim of our work was to determine how roots and rhizospheric fungi contribute to CO2 flux from the soil. Preliminary results from two years of research are presented. The research on how root biomass as well as ergosterol and phytosterol contents in roots and soil affected CO2 flux from the soil was conducted in a 108-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest in the Drahany Highlands during 2010 and 2011. CO2 flow was measured using a LI-8100 portable closed gasometric system (Li-Cor, USA). The dry weight and volume of individual root categories (< 1 mm, 1–2 mm, 2–5 mm, > 5 mm), C and N contents in the roots, as well as ergosterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol contents in the soil and roots were determined from root-containing soil samples located in the circular measurement chamber. In addition, sterol content was determined in the soil only. Our soil respiration results correspond with the findings of Buchman (2000) who found respiration values between 5–7 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in a 111-year-old spruce forest. A significant influence on soil respiration was proven only for sitosterol content in the soil. The relationships among soil CO2 flux, root characteristics, and nitrogen and sterol contents in the roots and soil are discussed.
Klíčová slova:
ecoystem; CO2; root biomass
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
The relationships of soil CO2 flux with selected Norway spruce root parameters and sterol content in the soil
The flow of CO2 from the soil is a very important part of the carbon cycle in an ecosystem. The aim of our work was to determine how roots and rhizospheric fungi contribute to CO2 flux from the soil. ...
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