The Impacts of Covid-19 on Culture
Bargel, Robert; Dedera, Milan; Gregoriniová, Jindřiška; Klementová, Kateřina; Perlín, Radim; et. al.
2024 - Czech Keywords: strategické řízení; kultura; veřejné služby; dopady COVID-19; metodika; krizová podpora; metodika; krizová podpora; strategic management; culture; public service; impacts COVID-19; methodology; crisis support Available in a digital repository NRGL The Impacts of Covid-19 on Culture

Bargel, Robert; Dedera, Milan; Gregoriniová, Jindřiška; Klementová, Kateřina; Perlín, Radim; et. al.
NIPOS, 2024

Řízení pracovníků prostřednictvím umělé inteligence
VÚBP
2024 - Czech Vyšší úroveň automatizace a konstantní sledování pracovníků digitálními technologiemi v mnoha případech omezí mezilidský kontakt a zvýší tlak na pracovní výkonnost, což může mít škodlivé účinky na duševní zdraví pracovníků. Keywords: digitalizace; BOZP; bezpečnost práce; monitorovací systémy; umělá inteligence; AI; OSH; occupational safety; artificial intelligence; monitoring systems Available in a digital repository NRGL Řízení pracovníků prostřednictvím umělé inteligence

Vyšší úroveň automatizace a konstantní sledování pracovníků digitálními technologiemi v mnoha případech omezí mezilidský kontakt a zvýší tlak na pracovní výkonnost, což může mít škodlivé účinky na ...

VÚBP
Výzkumný ústav bezpečnosti práce, v.v.i., 2024

Numerical study of the steady airflow in the human respiratory system during inhaling and exhaling
Lancmanová, Anna; Bodnár, Tomáš
2024 - English This paper presents some of the initial results of the numerical simulations of a steady turbulent flow in human upper airways during inhalation and exhalation. The mathematical model is based on the system of Reynolds-Averaged incompressible Navier-Stokes equations complemented by the SST k − ω turbulence model. The simulations were performed using finite-volume open source solver OpenFOAM on a realistic three-dimensional geometry. The main aim of this particular study is to verify the computational setup with special focus on appropriate choice and implementation of boundary conditions. The prescribed boundary conditions are chosen to mimic the physiological conditions during normal breathing cycle. This study aims to gain an insight into the airflow behavior during the inhalation and exhalation process by comparing the results of two distinct simulations corresponding to two different (opposite) flow rates . The obtained local flow rates and flow fields for both cases are presented and mutually compared. This initial work should serve as a foundation for future more complex simulations that will include the time-dependent and compressible effects. Keywords: human airways; incompressible Navier-Stokes; OpenFOAM Available in digital repository of the ASCR Numerical study of the steady airflow in the human respiratory system during inhaling and exhaling

This paper presents some of the initial results of the numerical simulations of a steady turbulent flow in human upper airways during inhalation and exhalation. The mathematical model is based on the ...

Lancmanová, Anna; Bodnár, Tomáš
Matematický ústav, 2024

Matching to suppliers in the production network: an empirical framework
Alfaro-Ureña, A.; Zacchia, Paolo
2024 - English This paper develops a framework for the empirical analysis of the determinants of input supplier choice on the extensive margin using firm-to-firm transaction data. Building on a theoretical model of production network formation, we characterize the assumptions that enable a transformation of the multinomial logit likelihood function from which the seller fixed effects, which encode the seller marginal costs, vanish. This transformation conditions, for each subnetwork restricted to one supplier industry, on the out-degree of sellers (a sufficient statistic for the seller fixed effect) and the in-degree of buyers (which is pinned down by technology and by “make-or-buy” decisions). This approach delivers a consistent estimator for the effect of dyadic explanatory variables, which in our model are interpreted as matching frictions, on the supplier choice probability. The estimator is easy to implement and in Monte Carlo simulations it outperforms alternatives based on group fixed effects. In an empirical application about the effect of a major Costa Rican infrastructural project on firm-to-firm connections, our approach yields estimates typically much smaller in magnitude than those from naive multinomial logit. Keywords: production network; supplier choice; conditional logit Fulltext is available at external website. Matching to suppliers in the production network: an empirical framework

This paper develops a framework for the empirical analysis of the determinants of input supplier choice on the extensive margin using firm-to-firm transaction data. Building on a theoretical model of ...

Alfaro-Ureña, A.; Zacchia, Paolo
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

Disappearing stepping stones: technological change and career paths
Kashkarov, Daniil; Artemev, V.
2024 - English Which career paths lead workers towards high-skilled non-routine cognitive occupations? Using PSID data, we show that, for a significant share of workers, a career path towards non-routine cognitive occupations goes through middle-skilled routine occupations, with the majority going through a subset of routine cognitive occupations. We then argue that the decline in employment in routine cognitive occupations due to routine-biased technological change can negatively affect the chances of younger cohorts joining high-skilled occupations. To test this hypothesis, we develop a structural occupational choice model that endogenously generates realistic career paths and estimate it using PSID data and job ad data from three major US outlets covering the period from 1940 to 2000. Our estimations suggest that, on average, 6% of workers ending up in non-routine cognitive occupations use routine cognitive occupations as stepping stones that allow them to maintain and accumulate human capital and experience relevant for later employment in high-skilled occupations. A fall in employment opportunities in routine cognitive occupations over the period of the most intensive routine-biased technological change led to at least 1.37 million lost high-skilled workers who got stuck in less skilled occupations. Keywords: routine-biased technological change; occupational choice; human capital Fulltext is available at external website. Disappearing stepping stones: technological change and career paths

Which career paths lead workers towards high-skilled non-routine cognitive occupations? Using PSID data, we show that, for a significant share of workers, a career path towards non-routine cognitive ...

Kashkarov, Daniil; Artemev, V.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

Digitální platformy a BOZP
Jana, Ranglová; Lenka, Scheu
2024 - Czech Tato příručka se zaměřuje zejména na vztah platformové práce a zajištění bezpečnosti a ochrany zdraví při práci, popisuje psychosociální zátěž pracovníků a specifická rizika, která jsou s platformovou prací spojena, a to zejména s ohledem na algoritmický způsob řízení práce. Při zpracování autorky vycházely zejména z odborné literatury, dostupných studií a průzkumů na toto téma, právních předpisů, soudních rozhodnutí a koncepčních materiálů evropských a mezinárodních institucí. Na závěr jsou uvedeny jako příklady správné praxe možné preventivní přístupy k řešení problematiky platformové práce, a to ze strany digitálních platforem, státních orgánů a institucí v podobě legislativních a nelegislativních opatření, i samotných platformových pracovníků a jejich zástupců. Keywords: digitální platformy; digitalizace; BOZP; digital platforms; digitalization; HSE Available in a digital repository NRGL Digitální platformy a BOZP

Tato příručka se zaměřuje zejména na vztah platformové práce a zajištění bezpečnosti a ochrany zdraví při práci, popisuje psychosociální zátěž pracovníků a specifická rizika, která jsou s platformovou ...

Jana, Ranglová; Lenka, Scheu
Výzkumný ústav bezpečnosti práce, v.v.i., 2024

Numerical evaluation of mass-diffusive compressible fluids flows models
Bodnár, Tomáš; Fraunié, P.
2024 - English This contribution presents first numerical tests of some recently published alternative models for solution of viscous compressible and nearly incompressible models. All models are solved by high resolution compact finite difference scheme with strong stability preserving RungeKutta time stepping. The two simple but challenging computational test cases are presented, based on the double-periodic shear layer and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The obtained time-dependent flow fields are showing pronounced shear and vorticity layers being resolved by the standard as well as by the new mass-diffusive modified models. The preliminary results show that the new models are viable alternative to the well established classical models. Keywords: compressible Navier-Stokes; nearly incompressible flow; mass diffusion; compact finite-difference Available in digital repository of the ASCR Numerical evaluation of mass-diffusive compressible fluids flows models

This contribution presents first numerical tests of some recently published alternative models for solution of viscous compressible and nearly incompressible models. All models are solved by high ...

Bodnár, Tomáš; Fraunié, P.
Matematický ústav, 2024

Motion of fluids in the moving domain
Nečasová, Šárka
2024 - English It is a survay paper where the problem of the existence of weak solutions of compressible barotropic solutions in a moving bounded domain is studied. Keywords: compressible fluid; moving domain; weak solutions Available in digital repository of the ASCR Motion of fluids in the moving domain

It is a survay paper where the problem of the existence of weak solutions of compressible barotropic solutions in a moving bounded domain is studied.

Nečasová, Šárka
Matematický ústav, 2024

Práce mimo pracoviště a hybridní práce
VÚBP
2024 - Czech Zvýšená prevalence práce na dálku v důsledku pandemie covid-19 vedla ke zvýšenému zájmu o tuto formu organizace práce a její dopad na pohodu a zdraví zaměstnanců. Práci na dálku lze definovat jako jakýkoli typ uspořádání práce zahrnující používání osobních počítačů, chytrých telefonů, notebooků, softwarových balíčků a internetu k práci z domova nebo obecněji mimo pracoviště zaměstnavatele po většinu pracovní doby nebo její část. Keywords: hybridní práce; práce na dálku; home office; remote work; hybrid work; home office Available in a digital repository NRGL Práce mimo pracoviště a hybridní práce

Zvýšená prevalence práce na dálku v důsledku pandemie covid-19 vedla ke zvýšenému zájmu o tuto formu organizace práce a její dopad na pohodu a zdraví zaměstnanců. Práci na dálku lze definovat jako ...

VÚBP
Výzkumný ústav bezpečnosti práce, v.v.i., 2024

Stochastic version of the arc-length method
Náprstek, Jiří; Fischer, Cyril
2024 - English The solution of a nonlinear algebraic system using the incremental method, based on pre-defined loading steps, fails in the vicinity of local extrema as well as around bifurcation points. The solution involved the derivation of the so-called ’Arc-Length’ method. Its essence lies in not incrementing the system parameter or any of the independent variables but rather the length of the response curve. The stochastic variant of this method allows for working with a system where system parameters include random imperfections. This contribution presents a variant that tracks the first two stochastic moments. Even in this simple case, interesting phenomena can be observed, such as the disappearance of the energy barrier against equilibrium jump due to random imperfections in the system. Keywords: random imperfection; stochastic arc-length method; continuation; numerical method Available in digital repository of the ASCR Stochastic version of the arc-length method

The solution of a nonlinear algebraic system using the incremental method, based on pre-defined loading steps, fails in the vicinity of local extrema as well as around bifurcation points. The solution ...

Náprstek, Jiří; Fischer, Cyril
Ústav teoretické a aplikované mechaniky, 2024