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Style of locators - differences in triangulation
Loits, André; Drdácký, Tomáš; Buzek, Jaroslav; Zadražil, Tomáš
2020 - Czech
The vast majority of contemporary European cities have their origins in the Middle Ages. ln our territory, most towns were founded from the beginning of the 12th century to the middle of the 14th century during the reign of the last Přemyslids. Urban city layouts are original, and although it is difficult to visually compare them at first glance, their apparent diversity shows certain rules and systems. This finding was verified by an analysis of 29 Czech and Moravian cities. The paper presents the results of the analysis of selected cities. The locator, commissioned by the then investor to organize the settlement of the new location, played a crucial role in the founding of the towns. Due to the number and close sequence of founded cities, it is probable that the cities were measured by experienced surveyors, with theoretical and practical knowledge of geometry. The complexity of the task, as well as the proven fact that a large number of cities have emerged over several decades, leads to the conclusion that there was a proven, somewhat routine approach to the site, which ensured certainty in the survey and the birth of a functioning city. The paper presents identified types of procedures for surveying the city layout in two modes of triangulation and corresponding four systems of initial base stations, from which the city and its boarder was delineated. The work loosely follows the text Triangulated medieval cities, published at the conference Architecture in Perspective in 2017 and summarizes the results of four years of research work. Převážná většina současných evropských měst má svůj počátek v období středověku. Na našem území většina měst vznikla od počátku 12. století do poloviny 14. století za doby vlády posledních Přemyslovců. Městské půdorysy jsou originální, a přestože je složité je vizuálně na první pohled porovnat, vykazuje jejich zdánlivá různorodost určitá pravidla a systém. Toto zjištění bylo ověřeno analýzou 29 českých a moravských měst. Příspěvek představuje výsledky rozboru vybraných měst. Při zakládání měst hrál zásadní roli lokátor, pověřený tehdejším investorem zorganizovat osídlení nové lokace. Vzhledem k počtu a těsnému sledu zakládaných měst je pravděpodobné, že města byla vyměřována zkušenými geometry, s teoretickými i praktickými znalostmi geometrie. Složitost úkolu a zároveň doložený fakt, že v rozmezí několika desetiletí vzniklo velké množství měst vede k závěru, že existoval prověřený, do jisté míry rutinní přístup k lokaci, který znamenal jistotu úspěšného vyměření a zrod fungujícího města. Příspěvek představuje rozdílné postupy vyměření půdorysné osnovy měst ve dvou režimech triangulace a jim odpovídajícím čtyřem systémům výchozích základních stanovisek, ze kterých mohlo být město a jeho ohrazení vytyčeno. Práce volně navazuje na text Triangulated medieval cities, publikovaný na konferenci Architektura v perspektivě v roce 2017 a shrnuje výsledky čtyřletého výzkumu.
Keywords:
historical cities; location; medieval triangulation; urban type; groma
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Style of locators - differences in triangulation
The vast majority of contemporary European cities have their origins in the Middle Ages. ln our territory, most towns were founded from the beginning of the 12th century to the middle of the 14th ...
Damage detection using a cogwheel load - numerical case study
Bayer, Jan
2020 - English
A moving impulse load generated by a heavy cogwheel (CW) can be used as a testing excitation for bridges. This proposed type of dynamic load acts along the entire driving path, its intensity is adjustable, and it can be very efficient in the case of resonance. However, higher harmonic components are an inevitable effect of this type of loading, complicating the vibration analysis. The present study investigates suitable procedures to detect and locate damage in structures using a cogwheel load and only one or a few transducers mounted on the bridge. This arrangement seems to be sensitive to early damage indication. Damage localization is also possible, but further research will be required to increase its credibility.
Keywords:
bridge testing; damage detection; impulse loading; vibration analysis; bridge health monitoring
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Damage detection using a cogwheel load - numerical case study
A moving impulse load generated by a heavy cogwheel (CW) can be used as a testing excitation for bridges. This proposed type of dynamic load acts along the entire driving path, its intensity is ...
Chemical and microstructural characterization of building materials sampled from Mšeno waterwork
Frankeová, Dita; Jurkovská, Lucie; Slížková, Zuzana
2020 - Czech
Within the construction-technical survey framework, a microscopic analysis of historical concrete samples was performed using a scanning electron microscope and SEM-EDS analysis. Characterization of mortar components, determination of concrete degradation degree, and identification of chemical corrosion products. The results of the survey work were used as a basis for the reconstruction project. V rámci stavebně-technického průzkumu byl proveden mikroskopický rozbor vzorků historického betonu s využitím skenovacího elektronového mikroskopu a SEM‐EDS analýzy. Byla provedena charakterizace plniva a složek pojiva malt, určení stupně degradace betonu a identifikace produktů chemické koroze. Výsledky průzkumných prací byly použity jako podklad pro návrh rekonstrukce objektu.
Keywords:
waterwork; concrete; degradation
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Chemical and microstructural characterization of building materials sampled from Mšeno waterwork
Within the construction-technical survey framework, a microscopic analysis of historical concrete samples was performed using a scanning electron microscope and SEM-EDS analysis. Characterization of ...
Statics strength test of the steel pin with 65 kN force transducer
Šperl, Martin; Vála, Ondřej; Zíma, Pavel
2020 - Czech
Research report on testing the steel pin which was loading in the three point bending mode. The steel pin was fitted with a 65 kN force sensor and loaded to its strength limit. The pin is used as a safety component for the building lifts. Výzkumná zpráva o testování ocelového čepu, který byl zatěžován v režimu tříbodového ohybu. Ocelový čep byl vybaven senzorem síly 65 kN a byl zatížen až na hranici své pevnosti. Tento čep se používá jako bezpečnostní komponenta pro stavební výtahy.
Keywords:
steel pin; strength; three point bending
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Statics strength test of the steel pin with 65 kN force transducer
Research report on testing the steel pin which was loading in the three point bending mode. The steel pin was fitted with a 65 kN force sensor and loaded to its strength limit. The pin is used as a ...
Scientific report. Tomography of an archaeological finding – a container with coins
Vopálenský, Michal; Kumpová, Ivana
2020 - Czech
The aim of the research is to visualize an archaeological finding of coins (mostly Ag/Cu alloy) in a ceramic container by means of the computed tomography. The artifact is dated to the first half of the 15th century, the visible coins are Prague Groschen and Vienna Pfennigs. The tomographical model should in an ideal case enable to identify the number and type of the coins and other possible materials. Besides of coins, the finding can contain wood, other organic materials (leather) and soil. The container is approx. 20 cm high, with the maximum diameter of approx. 15 cm. The weight of the artifact is 3.8 kg. Účelem výzkumu je výpočetní tomografií vizualizovat archeologický nález mincí (slitina převážně Ag a Cu) v keramické nádobě. Nález je datován zhruba do 1. pol. 15. stol., viditelné mince jsou pražské groše a vídeňské feniky. Tomografický model by v ideálním případě umožnil popsat počet a druh mincí a identifikovat případné další materiály. Kromě mincí může nález obsahovat dřevo, jiné organické materiály (kůže) a zeminu. Nádoba je zhruba 20 cm vysoká a má v nejširším místě průměr asi 15 cm. Hmotnost nálezu je 3,8 kg.
Keywords:
X-ray tomography; archaeology
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Scientific report. Tomography of an archaeological finding – a container with coins
The aim of the research is to visualize an archaeological finding of coins (mostly Ag/Cu alloy) in a ceramic container by means of the computed tomography. The artifact is dated to the first half of ...
Scientific report. Large-area X-ray scan of a mosaic with high resolution
Vopálenský, Michal
2020 - Czech
The aim of the research is to make an X-ray scan of a mosaic, which thanks to a high resolution could reveal structural details in the mosaik construction, as armature, cracks etc. The investigated object as a mosaic of St. Family from the Liberec region. The size of the mosaic is 1200 x 700 x 30 mm and its weight is about 50 kg. The mosaic itself is mounted into a metal frame. The substrate of the tesserae is a cement-based material. Účelem výzkumu je provést rentgenové scanování mozaiky, které by díky vysokému rozlišení mohlo odhalit strukturální detaily ve skladbě mozaiky, jako jsou výztuže, trhliny a podobně. Jedná se o mozaiku Sv. Rodiny, pocházející z oblasti Liberecka. Rozměry mozaiky jsou 1200 x 700 x 30 mm a hmotnost kolem 50 kg. Vlastní objekt mozaiky je zasazen do kovového rámu či objímky. Podklad teser tvoří materiál na bázi cementu.
Keywords:
X-ray radiography; large-area scanning; mosaic
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Scientific report. Large-area X-ray scan of a mosaic with high resolution
The aim of the research is to make an X-ray scan of a mosaic, which thanks to a high resolution could reveal structural details in the mosaik construction, as armature, cracks etc. The investigated ...
Multifold stationary solutions of an auto-parametric non-linear 2DOF system
Fischer, Cyril; Náprstek, Jiří
2020 - English
A non-linear 2DOF model of a bridge girder with a bluff cross-section under wind loading is used to describe the heave and pitch self-excited motion. Existence conditions of stationary auto-parametric response for both the self-excited case and an assumption of a harmonic load form a non-linear algebraic system of equations. Number of distinct solutions to this algebraic system depends on the frequencies of two principal aero-elastic modes and other system parameters. Thus, the system may possess none, one, or several stationary solutions, whose stability has to be checked using the Routh-Hurwitz conditions. If all quantities entering the system are continuous functions, individual solutions may exhibit (piecewise) continuous dependence on selected system parameters. Thus, multiple identified solutions to the system for a given set of parameters may actually belong to a single solution branch and their values can be determined from the knowledge of the solution branch. Such a situation may significantly simplify assessment of stability of the particular solutions and/or provides an applicable overall description of the system response.
Keywords:
multifold solution; algebraic system; aero-elastic system; stationary vibration
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Multifold stationary solutions of an auto-parametric non-linear 2DOF system
A non-linear 2DOF model of a bridge girder with a bluff cross-section under wind loading is used to describe the heave and pitch self-excited motion. Existence conditions of stationary auto-parametric ...
Monitoring of damage and failures in presentable hall of Fürstenberg Palace, Mala Strana, Prague
Drdácký, Miloš; Zíma, Pavel
2020 - Czech
The report describes and analyses damage and failure of historic structures and relates them to a long term monitoring of movement in cracks and temperature fluctuations. Zpráva popisuje a analyzuje poruchy historických konstrukcí a vztahuje je k dlouhodobému monitorování změn teploty a pohybu trhlin.
Keywords:
Fürstenberg Palace; historic structures; damage; cracks
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Monitoring of damage and failures in presentable hall of Fürstenberg Palace, Mala Strana, Prague
The report describes and analyses damage and failure of historic structures and relates them to a long term monitoring of movement in cracks and temperature fluctuations.
Analysis of selected elements using ICP-OES
Ševčík, Radek
2020 - Czech
The research report summarizes the analysis of acid extracts measurements of copper artefacts. Concentrations of selected metals cations were determined using optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. Výzkumná zpráva shrnuje výsledky analýz z měření kyselých výluhů měděných artefaktů. Koncentrace vybraných kationtů kovů byly stanoveny optickým emisním spektrometrem s indukčně vázanou plasmou.
Keywords:
elemental analysis; acid extracts; ICP-OES
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Analysis of selected elements using ICP-OES
The research report summarizes the analysis of acid extracts measurements of copper artefacts. Concentrations of selected metals cations were determined using optical emission spectrometer with ...
Analysis of water soluble salts in bricks (Landštejn)
Ševčík, Radek
2020 - Czech
The research report presents the results of water extracts analysis of bricks originated form Landštejn castle. The determination of chlorides, nitrates and sulphates was performed using ion chromatography. Výzkumná zpráva přináší výsledky analýz vodních výluhů z cihel pocházejících z hradu Landštejn. Metodou iontové chromatografie byl stanoven obsah chloridů.
Keywords:
salts; bricks; ion chromatography
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Analysis of water soluble salts in bricks (Landštejn)
The research report presents the results of water extracts analysis of bricks originated form Landštejn castle. The determination of chlorides, nitrates and sulphates was performed using ion ...
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