Criminals on the field: a study of college football
Janhuba, Radek; Čechová, K.
2017 - anglický Klíčová slova: football; official; crime Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Criminals on the field: a study of college football

Janhuba, Radek; Čechová, K.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

Electoral contests with dynamic campaign contributions
Mattozzi, Andrea; Michelucci, Fabio
2017 - anglický We study a two-period dynamic principal agent model in which two agents with different unobservable abilities compete in a contest for a single prize. A risk-neutral principal can affect the outcome of the contest by dividing a given budget between agents in each period and her net payoff depends on the relative share of the budget given to the winner of the contest. We analyze two settings that differ by the presence/absence of moral hazard. The results we derive are consistent with stylized facts regarding the dynamics of US campaign contributions. Klíčová slova: dynamic games; contests; experimentation Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Electoral contests with dynamic campaign contributions

We study a two-period dynamic principal agent model in which two agents with different unobservable abilities compete in a contest for a single prize. A risk-neutral principal can affect the outcome ...

Mattozzi, Andrea; Michelucci, Fabio
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

Productivity and trade spillovers: horizontal crowding-out versus vertical synergies in Europe as a response to foreign direct investment
Hanousek, Jan; Kočenda, E.; Vozárová, P.
2017 - anglický We analyze the impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs), via their foreign direct investment (FDI), on domestic firms in 30 European host economies, from 2001 to 2013. We incorporate international industrial and trade linkages into a standard theoretical framework and test them empirically on a unique dataset compiled from the Amadeus, Eurostat, UN Comtrade and BACI data sources. While controlling for horizontal, vertical, and export channels at the upstream and downstream levels, we show that the presence of MNEs significantly affects domestic firms, in terms of both changing the market structure and improving productivity. The impact is not always positive, as domestic firms are often crowded-out. However, those firms that withstand such double competition receive additional benefits stemming from trade (export) spillovers. In our complex model, we did not find significant (positive) interactions of domestic firms with horizontal MNEs which would suggest desirable productivity spillovers. Klíčová slova: multinational enterprise (MNE); foreign direct investment (FDI); European firms Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Productivity and trade spillovers: horizontal crowding-out versus vertical synergies in Europe as a response to foreign direct investment

We analyze the impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs), via their foreign direct investment (FDI), on domestic firms in 30 European host economies, from 2001 to 2013. We incorporate international ...

Hanousek, Jan; Kočenda, E.; Vozárová, P.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

Criminals on the field: a study of college football
Janhuba, Radek; Čechová, K.
2017 - anglický Economists have found mixed evidence on what happens when the number of police increases. On the one hand, more law enforcers means a higher probability of detecting a crime, which is known as the monitoring effect. On the other hand, criminals incorporate the increase into their decision-making process and thus may commit fewer crimes, constituting the deterrence effect. This study analyzes the effects of an increase in the number of on-field college football officials, taking players\nas potential criminals and officials as law enforcers. Analyzing a novel play by play dataset from two seasons of college football, we report evidence of a monitoring effect being present in the overall dataset. This effect is mainly driven by offensive penalties which are called in the area of jurisdiction of the added official. Decomposition of the effect provides evidence of the presence of the deterrence effect in cases of penalties with severe punishment or those committed by teams with moderate to high ability, suggesting that teams are able to strategically adapt their behavior following the addition of an official. Klíčová slova: football; official; crime Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Criminals on the field: a study of college football

Economists have found mixed evidence on what happens when the number of police increases. On the one hand, more law enforcers means a higher probability of detecting a crime, which is known as the ...

Janhuba, Radek; Čechová, K.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

A model of focusing in political choice
Nunnari, S.; Zápal, Jan
2017 - anglický This paper develops a theoretical model of voters’ and politicians’ behavior based on the notion that voters focus disproportionately on, and hence overweight, certain attributes of policies. We assume that policies have two attributes and that voters focus more on the attribute in which their options differ more. First, we consider exogenous policies and show that voters’ focusing polarizes the electorate. Second, we consider the endogenous supply of policies by office-motivated politicians\nwho take voters’ distorted focus into account. We show that focusing leads to inefficient policies, which cater excessively to a subset of voters: social groups that are larger, have more distorted focus, are more moderate, and are more sensitive to changes in a single attribute are more influential. Finally, we show that augmenting the classical models of voting and electoral competition with focusing can contribute to explain puzzling stylized facts as the inverse correlation between income inequality and redistribution or the backlash effect of extreme policies. Klíčová slova: focus; attention; salience Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. A model of focusing in political choice

This paper develops a theoretical model of voters’ and politicians’ behavior based on the notion that voters focus disproportionately on, and hence overweight, certain attributes of policies. We ...

Nunnari, S.; Zápal, Jan
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

Remittances in Ukraine using household data
Kuntsevych, Iuliia
2017 - anglický This paper analyzes remittances sent by Ukrainian emigrants to their country of origin. It explores the main factors influencing the probability of obtaining remittances from abroad as well as the amount of remittances. We investigate how the planned future usage of remittances affects the likelihood of receiving them. The results of a survey of households in Ukraine were used to investigate the main defining factors for obtaining financial inflows from abroad, in addition to exploring the expenditures financed by remittances. Although the results of our analysis show that few factors have a significant influence on the probability of obtaining remittances and on their size, this topic warrants further investigation. The findings are important for policymakers as the Ukrainian government might design and implement policies that increase the development potential of remittances, while eliminating their negative side effects. Klíčová slova: remittances; remittance behavior; Ukraine Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Remittances in Ukraine using household data

This paper analyzes remittances sent by Ukrainian emigrants to their country of origin. It explores the main factors influencing the probability of obtaining remittances from abroad as well as the ...

Kuntsevych, Iuliia
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

To bribe or not to bribe? Corruption uncertainty and corporate practices
Hanousek, Jan; Shamshur, Anastasiya; Trešl, Jiří
2017 - anglický Using a large sample of private firms over the period from 2001 to 2013, we study the effect of corruption uncertainty on corporate investments and cash holdings. We find that a higher uncertainty about the level of corruption is associated with lower corporate investments and lower cash holdings. These results are sensitive to the ownership structure of a firm. Firms with no foreign majority ownership appear to be more sensitive to corruption-induced uncertainty than majority-controlled foreign firms. They significantly decrease their investments and cash holdings. We hypothesize that they move their cash off-balance-sheet to create cash reserves as the uncertainty of when, whom, and how much to bribe increases. Klíčová slova: corporate investment; corruption; uncertainty Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. To bribe or not to bribe? Corruption uncertainty and corporate practices

Using a large sample of private firms over the period from 2001 to 2013, we study the effect of corruption uncertainty on corporate investments and cash holdings. We find that a higher uncertainty ...

Hanousek, Jan; Shamshur, Anastasiya; Trešl, Jiří
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

Financing education abroad: a developing country perspective
Todua, Gega
2017 - anglický Developing countries intensively promote education abroad through financial aid policies. While some financially support students with scholarships, other countries prefer to provide loans. This paper provides a novel data-set containing characteristics of world-wide government-funded scholarship and loan programs supporting education abroad. The data allows us to identify unique stylized facts on these financing policies for middle and low income countries. We find that scholarship programs more frequently select students based on merit criteria, target graduate and postgraduate study level, and require recipients to return after studies than loan programs do. We build a two-country student migration model with government intervention to qualitatively account for the observed patterns. In our model, government intervention is justified for two reasons. First, students from a developing country are financially constrained and cannot afford education abroad. Second, the government values the productivity of ”returnees” higher than the market does. We argue that when students are uncertain about their future productivity and may fail at their studies, scholarship programs can insure them against potential default. Consequently, if students differ in their expected ability, under certain conditions a government with a tight budget will prioritize ex-ante high-ability students and support them with scholarships with the return requirement, and support ex-ante low-ability students with loans without the return requirement. Klíčová slova: student migration; international migration; higher education policy Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Financing education abroad: a developing country perspective

Developing countries intensively promote education abroad through financial aid policies. While some financially support students with scholarships, other countries prefer to provide loans. This paper ...

Todua, Gega
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

Group membership magnifies the dark side of human social behavior
Bauer, Michal; Cahlíková, J.; Celik Katreniak, Dagmara; Chytilová, Julie; Cingl, L.; Želinský, T.
2017 - anglický Klíčová slova: anti-social preferences; aggressive competitiveness; group membership Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. Group membership magnifies the dark side of human social behavior

Bauer, Michal; Cahlíková, J.; Celik Katreniak, Dagmara; Chytilová, Julie; Cingl, L.; Želinský, T.
Národohospodářský ústav, 2017

Why mixed qualities may not survive at equilibrium: the case of vertical product differentiation
Burlakov, Georgi
2016 - anglický In the classical literature on vertical differentiation, goods are assumed to be single products each offered by a different firm and consumed separately one from another. This paper departs from the standard setup and explores the price competition in a vertically differentiated market where a firm’s product is consumed not separately but in fixed one-to-one ratio with another complementary type of good supplied by a different producer. An optimal solution for market setting with two entrants of a type is proposed, to show that there could be an equilibrium at which the socalled ”mixed-quality combinations”, consisting of one high-quality good and one lowquality good each, remain unsold. For such an equilibrium to exist, it is sufficient the mixed-quality combinations to be at least as differentiated from the best as from the worst combination which retains its positive market share. Thus, the mixed-quality exclusionary outcome appears as a further form in which the well-known maximumdifferentiation principle could be implemented in a multi-market setting. It provides a new explanation of the self selection bias in consumption observed in some industries for complementary goods. Klíčová slova: complementary goods; vertical product differentiation; market foreclosure Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Why mixed qualities may not survive at equilibrium: the case of vertical product differentiation

In the classical literature on vertical differentiation, goods are assumed to be single products each offered by a different firm and consumed separately one from another. This paper departs from the ...

Burlakov, Georgi
Národohospodářský ústav, 2016