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Attribution of European temperature variability during 1882–2010: A statistical perspective
Mikšovský, Jiří; Pišoft, P.
2015 - anglický
Gridded monthly temperature data (GISTEMP and Berkeley Earth) covering the European region were investigated for the presence of components attributable to climate forcings, both anthropogenic and natural, and to major modes of internal climate variability. Effects of individual predictors were separated by multiple linear regression applied to time series over 1882–2010. It was shown that the presence of a warming trend correlated with greenhouse gases concentration was generally strong in European temperatures and typically combined with mild cooling ascribable to anthropogenic aerosols. Components attributable to variations in solar activity were rather weak and not statistically significant in most locations, as were the imprints of large volcanic eruptions. A strong association between North Atlantic Oscillation phase and temperature was confirmed for much of Europe, while temperature oscillations synchronized with the El Niño Southern Oscillation were quite limited in magnitude and displayed low levels of statistical significance. The influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation was noticeable particularly in the western-most parts of Europe, whereas the Pacific Decadal Oscillation’s significant impact extended to Scandinavia.
Klíčová slova:
european temperature; climatology
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Attribution of European temperature variability during 1882–2010: A statistical perspective
Gridded monthly temperature data (GISTEMP and Berkeley Earth) covering the European region were investigated for the presence of components attributable to climate forcings, both anthropogenic and ...
Documentary evidence as a source of data for studying droughts in the Czech lands
Řezníčková, Ladislava; Brázdil, Rudolf; Kotyza, O.; Valášek, H.
2015 - anglický
Information about past droughts may be derived from the various kinds of documentary evidence. Documentary data are particularly applicable to the pre-instrumental period but may also be used for the overlapping period with instrumental records. They are extracted from written narrative sources, weather diaries, personal and official letters, newspapers, religious records, epigraphic sources, and other sources. Direct descriptions of weather facilitate identification of meteorological droughts, while descriptions of drought impacts are used to identify agricultural and hydrological droughts. Documentary evidence enabled the creation of series of precipitation indices which classify dry months on a scale of –1 (dry), –2 (very dry), and –3 (extremely dry). In this way, it is possible to study the frequency, seasonality, severity, and impacts of drought episodes in the pre-instrumental period.
Klíčová slova:
Czech Lands; data for studying droughts; weather
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Documentary evidence as a source of data for studying droughts in the Czech lands
Information about past droughts may be derived from the various kinds of documentary evidence. Documentary data are particularly applicable to the pre-instrumental period but may also be used for the ...
Analysis of poplar water-use efficiency at Domanínek experimental site
Hlaváčová, M.; Fischer, Milan; Tripathi, Abishek; Orság, Matěj; Trnka, Miroslav
2015 - anglický
The main objective of this study was to test if water-use efficiency (WUE) values are higher for short-rotation poplar coppice than they are for field crops. WUE of woody biomass was determined for 16 trees within a short-rotation poplar coppiced culture (poplar clone J-105) in the within the Czech Republic during the 2013 growing season. Total WUE of woody biomass for the 16 measured trees was 4.93 g kg−1 when calculated with the data set without a vapour pressure deficit condition and 4.63 g kg−1 when calculated with the data set with a vapour pressure deficit condition. Poplar clone J-105 is a tree species with relatively high WUE, but some crops or short-rotation coppice species can reach higher or comparable WUE values.
Klíčová slova:
water-use efficiency; Bohemian–Moravian Highlands; woody biomass; Czech Republice
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Analysis of poplar water-use efficiency at Domanínek experimental site
The main objective of this study was to test if water-use efficiency (WUE) values are higher for short-rotation poplar coppice than they are for field crops. WUE of woody biomass was determined for ...
CN-PAGE as a tool for separating pigment–protein complexes and studying their thermal stability in spruce and barley thylakoid membranes
Kurasová, Irena; Svrčinová, K.; Karlický, Václav; Špunda, Vladimír
2015 - anglický
The central aim of our study was to develop a method for solubilization and native electrophoretic (colourless native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; CN-PAGE) separation of pigment–protein complexes (PPCs) embedded in thylakoid membranes (tBMs) isolated from spruce. Subsequently, we focused on studying the effect of temperature on the composition and PPC stability of two different species: barley and spruce. We found that the mild detergent n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside (β-DM) is suitable for PPC solubilization of spruce tBMs, but longer solubilization and a higher ratio of detergent to total chlorophyll are needed for spruce than are needed for barley. We also unified CN-PAGE protocols to optimize the separation of spruce and barley PPCs that resulted in the separation of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes (SCs), PSI and PSII core dimers, PSII core monomers, trimeric and monomeric light-harvesting complexes of PSII, and bands with free pigments. Studying the effect of elevated temperature on PPCs using CN-PAGE revealed different thermal stability of PPCs in spruce and barley tBMs. Pronounced PPCs changes were observed at temperatures at or above 40°C. We observed partial disappearance of PSII SCs bands at 44°C in barley and at 52°C in spruce. In addition, spruce PSI SCs exhibited slightly higher thermal stability than did barley PSI SCs. The increased thermal stability of spruce tBMS in comparison to that of barley tBM was also confirmed by the circular dichroism spectra of isolated tBMs at different temperatures (Karlický et al. 2015).
Klíčová slova:
thermal stability; barley thylakoid
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
CN-PAGE as a tool for separating pigment–protein complexes and studying their thermal stability in spruce and barley thylakoid membranes
The central aim of our study was to develop a method for solubilization and native electrophoretic (colourless native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; CN-PAGE) separation of pigment–protein ...
Development of methods for breeding high-lipidcontent algal strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using fluorescence-activated cell sorting
Fedorko, Jan; Búzová, Diana; Červený, Jan
2015 - anglický
Green microalgae are among the most widely distributed microorganisms in the biosphere. They are significant contributors to global photosynthetic productivity and are interesting for biotechnology due to their large variety of high-value compound accumulation and range of applications. To achieve profitable microalgae cultures for biotechnology, one wants to combine antagonistic properties: rapid growth and high accumulation of specific compounds. Here, we focus on development of advanced cultivation strategies and breeding methods applied to the model algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for optimized production of lipids. For identification, isolation, and subsequent selection of an optimal subpopulation with high lipid content, we used high-throughput fluorescenceactivated cell sorting in combination with imaging flow cytometry on cells stained with lipid-specific fluorescent dye. We observed that post-sort cell viability was not negatively influenced by external parameters used during the sorting procedure (pressure, light quality and quantity, influence of the sorting electromagnetic field, toxic effects of both fluorescent marker and microfluidic system medium composition).
Klíčová slova:
breeding high-lipidcontent; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Development of methods for breeding high-lipidcontent algal strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using fluorescence-activated cell sorting
Green microalgae are among the most widely distributed microorganisms in the biosphere. They are significant contributors to global photosynthetic productivity and are interesting for biotechnology ...
The relationships of soil CO2 flux with selected Norway spruce root parameters and sterol content in the soil
Holub, Filip; Fabiánek, Tomáš; Večeřová, Kristýna; Moos, Martin; Oravec, Michal; Tříska, Jan; Marková, I.; Edwards, Magda; Cudlín, Pavel
2015 - anglický
The flow of CO2 from the soil is a very important part of the carbon cycle in an ecosystem. The aim of our work was to determine how roots and rhizospheric fungi contribute to CO2 flux from the soil. Preliminary results from two years of research are presented. The research on how root biomass as well as ergosterol and phytosterol contents in roots and soil affected CO2 flux from the soil was conducted in a 108-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest in the Drahany Highlands during 2010 and 2011. CO2 flow was measured using a LI-8100 portable closed gasometric system (Li-Cor, USA). The dry weight and volume of individual root categories (< 1 mm, 1–2 mm, 2–5 mm, > 5 mm), C and N contents in the roots, as well as ergosterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol contents in the soil and roots were determined from root-containing soil samples located in the circular measurement chamber. In addition, sterol content was determined in the soil only. Our soil respiration results correspond with the findings of Buchman (2000) who found respiration values between 5–7 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in a 111-year-old spruce forest. A significant influence on soil respiration was proven only for sitosterol content in the soil. The relationships among soil CO2 flux, root characteristics, and nitrogen and sterol contents in the roots and soil are discussed.
Klíčová slova:
ecoystem; CO2; root biomass
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
The relationships of soil CO2 flux with selected Norway spruce root parameters and sterol content in the soil
The flow of CO2 from the soil is a very important part of the carbon cycle in an ecosystem. The aim of our work was to determine how roots and rhizospheric fungi contribute to CO2 flux from the soil. ...
AN OUTLINE OF ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR SUMAVA NP
Dickie, I.; Kindlmann, Pavel; Křenová, Zdeňka
2014 - anglický
This analysis briefly compares the economic impacts of three potential future management scenarios for Sumava National Park (NP) in the Czech Republic: (1) continuation of current management, (2) the adoption of draft Bills that would declassify protected areas and enable developments within some of the Park's most valuable habitats for wildlife, (3) the adoption of proposals to expand the wilderness area in the Park's core with associated tourism opportunities. Our preliminary results indicate that the pro-wilderness scenario offers a more economically and environmentally sustainable development plan for the Sumava NP than either the current situation or the plans proposed in draft Bills. It is recommended that proposals in draft Bills should not be pursued at least until a fuller economic evaluation of options has been undertaken.
Klíčová slova:
Sumava NP; management; proposed bill
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
AN OUTLINE OF ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR SUMAVA NP
This analysis briefly compares the economic impacts of three potential future management scenarios for Sumava National Park (NP) in the Czech Republic: (1) continuation of current management, (2) the ...
Testování stimulace klíčení a počátečního růstu přípravků Trisol
Šerá, Božena; Hájková, M.
2014 - český
Na obilkách ječmene (Hordeum vulgare L. RESPEKT) byl ověřován stimulační efekt preparátů firmy BEIDEA. Růstové pokusy probíhaly vkontejnerech s pískem, při setí do 2 cm a 4 cm hloubky při kontrolovaných laboratorních podmínkách. Sledována byla vzcházivost obilek, růst a hmotnost sušiny nadzemních a podzemních orgánů. Všechny vyvíjené přípravky měly pozitivní vliv na vzcházivost a na růst. Stimulační efekt růstu je diskutován v textu. The seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. RESPEKT) have been tested for stimulation effect of preparations originated in the BEIDEA company. Growth experiments were performed in sandy substrate, with 2 cm and 4 cm sowing, and under controlled conditions. Seed development, growth and dry weight of under- and aboveground seedlings were monitored. All preparations had a positive effect on the seed development and growth. Growth stimulatory effect is discussed in the text.
Klíčová slova:
plant technology; stimulation; seed development; early growth
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Testování stimulace klíčení a počátečního růstu přípravků Trisol
Na obilkách ječmene (Hordeum vulgare L. RESPEKT) byl ověřován stimulační efekt preparátů firmy BEIDEA. Růstové pokusy probíhaly vkontejnerech s pískem, při setí do 2 cm a 4 cm hloubky při ...
Celospolečenský význam lesů z pohledů sekvestrace uhlíku
Pokorný, Radek
2014 - český
lobální změna klimatu (GZK) je pravděpodobně vyvolána antropogenickým zvyšováním koncentrace CO2 v ovzduší. Závěrečné stádiumvývoje mnoha terestrických ekosystémů je les, který sestává z dlouhožijících organismů rostlin schopných poutat a ukládat atmosférický uhlík do své biomasy a půdy. Jsou v podstatě dvě možnosti jak zmírňovat dopady GZK na biosféru, a to i) změnou využívání krajiny ve prospěch ekosystémů s vysokou schopností absorbce CO2 z ovzduší a ii) změnou obhospodařování existujících ekosystémů. Lesy mají vysokou celospolečenskou důležitost ve zmíněném kontextu. Global Climate Change (GCC) has been evoked by anthropogenically elevated CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The final developmental stadium of the most of terrestrial ecosystems is a forest which consists of long-living plants with ability to capture and sequester atmospheric carbon into plant biomass and soil. Therefore, there are two main possibilities how to mitigate GCC impact on biosphere: i) land-use change to advance ecosystems with high ability and capacity to absorb CO2 from air, and ii) change of the management of existing ecosystems. Forests have high societ-wide importance under the above mentioned context.
Klíčová slova:
carbon; emission; eddy-covariance; Kyoto protocol; land-use
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Celospolečenský význam lesů z pohledů sekvestrace uhlíku
lobální změna klimatu (GZK) je pravděpodobně vyvolána antropogenickým zvyšováním koncentrace CO2 v ovzduší. Závěrečné stádiumvývoje mnoha terestrických ekosystémů je les, který sestává z ...
Statistické vyhodnocení paralelního měření atmosférické rtuti dvěma identickými přístroji
Veselík, P.; Dvorská, Alice; Michálek, J.
2014 - český
Na Atmosférické stanici Křešín u Pacova, Vysočina, byly měřeny pozaďové hodnoty celkové plynné rtuti ve venkovním ovzduší dvěma automatickými rtuťovými analyzátory TEKRAN 2537B umístěnými vedle sebe v jednom kontejneru. Měření byla prováděna v 10minutových časových intervalech za období od prosince 2012 do srpna 2013. Cílem této studie bylo potvrdit, nebo vyloučit hypotézu o stejných výsledcích měření, poskytovaných těmito přístroji. Naměřené údaje byly seskupeny do týdenních intervalů. Byla provedena statistická analýza získaných dat. Data byla graficky znázorněna a vyhodnocena pomocí explorativní datové analýzy. Pro srovnání funkce obou přístrojů byla použita neparametrická statistická analýza (Wilcoxonův párový test). Provedená analýza ukazuje statisticky významné rozdíly mezi měřením obou přístrojů. At the Atmospheric Station Křešín u Pacova, central Czech Republic, total gaseous mercury was measured in background ambient air with two automatic mercury TEKRAN 2537B analyzers positioned right next to each other in one container. The measurements were conducted with a 10 min time step, between December 2012 and August 2013. The aim of the study was to confirm or exclude the hypothesis of same measurement results provided by the instruments. Measured data were aggregated into 1 week subsets and statistically analysed. The data was graphically visualised and evaluated by using exploratory data analysis. For comparing the performance of both instruments nonparametric statistical analysis (Wilcoxon matched pairs test) was used. The performed analysis shows statistically significant differences between measurements from the two instruments.
Klíčová slova:
total gaseous mercury; air pollution; Wilcoxon matched pairs test; nonparametric methods
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Statistické vyhodnocení paralelního měření atmosférické rtuti dvěma identickými přístroji
Na Atmosférické stanici Křešín u Pacova, Vysočina, byly měřeny pozaďové hodnoty celkové plynné rtuti ve venkovním ovzduší dvěma automatickými rtuťovými analyzátory TEKRAN 2537B umístěnými vedle sebe ...
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