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Changes in centipede assemblages (Chilopoda) along the vertical and vegetation gradient in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Wytwer, J.; Tajovský, Karel
2009 - anglický
Changes in community parameters of the centipede assemblages in habitats with different vegetation along the vertical gradient were studied in the Bieszczady National Park, Poland. Ten stands, from riparian alder forest through eutrophic beech forests to open habitats in subalpine grasslands, within the altitude range 612–1,218 m a.s.l. were sampled. Pitfall trapping and soil sampling were used for the collection of animals since June 2005 till June 2006. In total, 848 specimens of centipedes belonging to 19 species were sampled. Among them, the species .i.Lithobius latro./i. was recorded in Poland for the first time. .i.Lithobius lucifugus, Strigamia transsilvanica, Geophilus insculptus, Schendyla carniolensis./i. were found in this region of Poland for the first time. Specimens of the genus .i.Stenotaenia./i. recorded in the study sites represent a new stenotopic species. Between 7 and 14 species were found in each stand.
Klíčová slova:
centipedes; vertical gradient; Bieszczady Mts.
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Changes in centipede assemblages (Chilopoda) along the vertical and vegetation gradient in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Changes in community parameters of the centipede assemblages in habitats with different vegetation along the vertical gradient were studied in the Bieszczady National Park, Poland. Ten stands, from ...
Has .i.Tilia x euchlora./i. a detrimental effect on soil annelids in urban greens?
Schlaghamerský, J.; Khodabocus, J.B.; Pižl, Václav
2009 - anglický
The potential effect of the exotic linden .i.Tilia x euchlora./i., widely planted in urban greens, on soil-dwelling annelids (Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) was investigated in two parks in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Linden trees are the source of honeydew that might affect soil biota and remains an important input of these trees into the soil compartment even if litter is being removed as part of the park management. There have also been discussions about the alleged toxicity of .i.T. x euchlora./i. nectar to pollinators. The native .i.T. platyphyllos./i. was used as a control. Within two days in November 2006 annelids were sampled at three different distances (1 m, 3 m, 6 m) along transects from the trees to well developed lawns. Earthworms were extracted by the electrical-octet method, enchytraeids by wet funnel extraction from soil cores taken down to 12 cm.
Klíčová slova:
Lumbricidae; Enchytraeidae; urban ecology
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Has .i.Tilia x euchlora./i. a detrimental effect on soil annelids in urban greens?
The potential effect of the exotic linden .i.Tilia x euchlora./i., widely planted in urban greens, on soil-dwelling annelids (Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) was investigated in two parks in the city of ...
Species and genera of soil nematodes inhabiting tree plantations on colliery spoils near Sokolov
Háněl, Ladislav
2009 - anglický
Soil nematodes were studied in 20-30-year-old tree plantations and spontaneous successions on colliery spoils near Sokolov in west Bohemia, Czech Republic. Six types of tree plantations (oak, alder, linden, larch, pine, and spruce) and one type of spontaneous succession (willow-aspen-birch), each in four replicate sites, were surveyed in March 2005 and in April 2006. In total 174 species and 86 genera were distinguished, more species and genera were found in deciduous than in coniferous plantations. Cluster analyses showed different composition of nematode faunas in those plantations. Co-occurrence of closely related .i.Aporcelaimellus, Helicotylenchus./i. species could suggest their still existing niche overlap in a developing environment whereas niche partitioning probably established between species of the genera .i.Eudorylaimus./i. and .i.Paratylenchus./i..
Klíčová slova:
Nematoda; fauna; niche overlap
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Species and genera of soil nematodes inhabiting tree plantations on colliery spoils near Sokolov
Soil nematodes were studied in 20-30-year-old tree plantations and spontaneous successions on colliery spoils near Sokolov in west Bohemia, Czech Republic. Six types of tree plantations (oak, alder, ...
Good parasitic wasps gone bad: a short review of two stories of the oceanic and habitat islands
Lozan, Aurel; Spitzer, Karel; Jaroš, Josef
2009 - anglický
Braconid parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, which was accidentally introduced into Canary Islands became real threat to the Canary Island Large White butterfly (Pieris cheiranthi). The multiple confirmation of the origin of the introduced parasitoid (morphology, DNA, ecology) suggests that these opportunistic parasitoids might be a serious danger to native isolated fauna. Such model relationships can be found in isolated paleorefugial habitats of the central European peat bogs, which are historical habitat islands of unique local taxa. A recent discovery of some opportunistic parasitoids attacking tyrphobiontic Lepidoptera in several isolated bogs of South Bohemia suggest these wasps might invade isolated habitats and cause serious population destruction of paleorefugial hosts.
Klíčová slova:
oceanic and habitat islands; peat bogs; Lepidoptera
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Good parasitic wasps gone bad: a short review of two stories of the oceanic and habitat islands
Braconid parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, which was accidentally introduced into Canary Islands became real threat to the Canary Island Large White butterfly (Pieris cheiranthi). The multiple ...
Digestive enzymes in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : a short review
Šustr, Vladimír; Schlick-Steiner, B.C.; Steiner, F. M.
2009 - anglický
The literature data on the digestive enzymes present in different taxonomic groups of ants are reviewed and their patterns of occurrence across the various groups are tested. Data are available on 32 digestive enzymes from 62 ant species from 15 tribes belonging to seven subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae). Leaf-cutter ants (Myrmicinae, higher Attini) are the best-investigated group. Nearly all analysed enzymes were present in all the species investigated, irrespective of taxonomic group. The only significant difference across taxonomic groups concerns enzymes that attack plant structural polysaccharides (cellulases, pectinase, xylanase). These were more frequent in leaf-cutter ants than in other groups. To detect potential additional differences between groups differing in their feeding habits, more comprehensive qualitative data acquisition will be necessary.
Klíčová slova:
bark; ciliates; decaying wood mass
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Digestive enzymes in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : a short review
The literature data on the digestive enzymes present in different taxonomic groups of ants are reviewed and their patterns of occurrence across the various groups are tested. Data are available on 32 ...
Vertical Collembola distribution in spruce and beech forest soils
Jínová, Kristýna
2009 - anglický
Vertical stratification of Collembola was investigated in beech and spruce forest soils on the Kleť Mountain (Blanský les Protected Landscape Area, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). The aim of the study was to describe the collembolan distribution among the horizons in the present beech and spruce forest soils and to find out which species were dominant in the individual soil layers. Ten soil samples (each of 10 cm.sup.2./sup., 15 cm deep) were collected in beech and spruce forest on the Kleť Mt. in December 2004. They were divided into 5 sub-samples: litter + 0-1 cm of soil; 1-2, 2-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm and extracted separately in high-gradient Tullgren apparatus. In total, 40 species were found at both sites (31 in the beech and 28 in the spruce forest). The highest number of species was found in the upper layer (litter layer + 0-1 cm) of soil, 84 % of species in the beech forest and 64 % in the spruce forest.
Klíčová slova:
Collembola; vertical distribution; beech forest
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Vertical Collembola distribution in spruce and beech forest soils
Vertical stratification of Collembola was investigated in beech and spruce forest soils on the Kleť Mountain (Blanský les Protected Landscape Area, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). The aim of the study ...
Seasonal development and vertical distribution of soil rotifer populations in South-Bohemian beech forest
Devetter, Miloslav
2009 - anglický
The soil rotifer community in a climax beech forest in South Bohemia was investigated during 2005 focusing on seasonal and vertical distribution changes. Samples 10 cm.sup.2./sup. large and 10 cm in depth were divided into 5 layers, which were processed separately. Altogether 31 rotifer species were determined during the investigation, of these 9 species were monogononts, while the rest were bdelloids. The most important species were .i.Encentrum arvicola, Wierzejskiella vagneri./i. among the monogononts and .i.Adineta steineri, Ceratotrocha cornigera, Habrotrocha filum, H. ligula, Macrotrachela plicata, Mniobia tentans, M. incrassata, M. granulosa./i. among the bdelloids. Mean Shannon diversity index varied from 1.99 to 2.63. Total rotifer abundance varied from 212 (± 63) to 513 (± 127) 10.sup.3./sup. ind. m.sup.-2./sup. year-round, with the highest numbers found in May, while the lowest were in July.
Klíčová slova:
soil; rotifer community; bdelloids
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Seasonal development and vertical distribution of soil rotifer populations in South-Bohemian beech forest
The soil rotifer community in a climax beech forest in South Bohemia was investigated during 2005 focusing on seasonal and vertical distribution changes. Samples 10 cm.sup.2./sup. large and 10 cm in ...
Cultivated and wild growing forage crops – reservoirs of viruses and phytoplasmas
Fránová, Jana; Petrzik, Karel; Jakešová, H.; Bečková, M.; Sarkisova, Tatiana
2009 - anglický
Symptoms of mosaic, yellowing/reddening, phyllody, necrosis and dwarf have been observed in cultivated as well as wild growing forage crops. Red clover mottle virus (RCMV, Comovirus), clover yellow vein virus (Potyvirus), potato virus X, white clover mosaic virus (WClMV, Potexvirus), alfalfa latent and pea streak viruses (Carlavirus), new members of genus Cytorhabdovirus and Carlavirus were identified by sequencing. Bacilliform particles (ca 213 – 533 nm by 44 – 58 nm) of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, WClMV, alfalfa mosaic virus (Alfamovirus) and particles resembling members of the genus Badnavirus were observed on negatively stained preparations and ultrathin sections by electron microscopy and mechanically transmitted to host plants. WClMV, RCMV, bean yellow mosaic virus and new member of Potyviridae family were determined in wild growing plants. The occurrence of phytoplasmas belonging to different 16S ribosomal subgroups was confirmed (16SrI-B, 16SrI-C, 16SrX-A, 16SrXII-A).
Klíčová slova:
symptoms; electron microscopy; biological and molecular identification
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Cultivated and wild growing forage crops – reservoirs of viruses and phytoplasmas
Symptoms of mosaic, yellowing/reddening, phyllody, necrosis and dwarf have been observed in cultivated as well as wild growing forage crops. Red clover mottle virus (RCMV, Comovirus), clover yellow ...
Note to the effects of environmental conditions on the occurrence of benthic water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae
Papáček, M.; Ditrich, T.; Soldán, Tomáš; Zahrádková, S.
2009 - anglický
The aim of this study was to find out what abiotic environmental variables are related to the occurrence of benthic water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis. Samples and abiotic environmental data sets obtained by extensive monitoring of Labe, Vltava and Danube river basin in the Czech Republic were sorted and analysed by Redundancy analysis (RDA). Results of RDA did not offer transparent response on our question. The reason is probably too rough scaling of environmental variables used commonly by hydrobiologist for monitoring of benthos in running waters. More detailed design of fieldwork is probably necessary for a better solution of question mentioned above.
Klíčová slova:
Aphelocheirus aestivalis; habitats; abiotic environmental variables
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Note to the effects of environmental conditions on the occurrence of benthic water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae
The aim of this study was to find out what abiotic environmental variables are related to the occurrence of benthic water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis. Samples and abiotic environmental data sets ...
Palingenia longicauda (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera, Palingeniidae): Do refugia in the Danube basin still work?
Soldán, Tomáš; Godunko, Roman J.; Zahrádková, S.; Sroka, Pavel
2009 - anglický
Palingenia longicauda (OLIVIER, 1791), a well-known species of mayfly belongsto the most critically endangered species of the Ephemeroptera in Europe. It represents the Pontic faunistic element of the expansive type originally distributed in almost all great and numerous middle-sized European rivers in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Rumania, Slovakia, Ukraine and Yugoslavia. At present, the species is extinct or at least missing at most of its original area except for relatively small refugia in the Tisza basin in Hungary and probably also Slovakia and Ukraine. Distribution of P. longicauda is discussed and a new subarea in the Danube delta in Rumania (locality near Murighiol, stretch of the Bratul Sfintu Gheoghe) is documented for the first time. The nature of a new occurrence is discussed – it might represent either a new, still unknown refuge and/or recovery of the original population(s) caused by downstream drift.
Klíčová slova:
Ephemeroptera; Palingenia; Europe
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Palingenia longicauda (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera, Palingeniidae): Do refugia in the Danube basin still work?
Palingenia longicauda (OLIVIER, 1791), a well-known species of mayfly belongsto the most critically endangered species of the Ephemeroptera in Europe. It represents the Pontic faunistic element of the ...
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