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Destruction and Scientific Knowledge. On Significance of the German Armament Industry and Military Administration for R&D in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the ‘Total War’ (Totalkrieg), 1943–1945
Šimůnek, Michal V.
2021 - anglický
This chapter offers an overview of the development of Czech corporate research during the German occupation, especially in the period of the total war (1943-1945). It summarizes also the current knowledge on the transfers of scientifically relevant entities into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia etc.
Klíčová slova:
national socialism; history of science; WW2
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Destruction and Scientific Knowledge. On Significance of the German Armament Industry and Military Administration for R&D in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the ‘Total War’ (Totalkrieg), 1943–1945
This chapter offers an overview of the development of Czech corporate research during the German occupation, especially in the period of the total war (1943-1945). It summarizes also the current ...
Czech Ethnography in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. At the Crossroads of Slavic Studies, Regionalism and Heimatschutzbewegung - an Attempt at an Insight into a Seldom Researched Topic
Ducháček, Milan
2021 - anglický
The aim of this contribution is to map the dilemmas that Czech ethnographers were facing in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. With the end of the Czech-Slovak consensus on co-existence in a common, unitary state, the étatist, and later defensive ethos of Czechoslovak ethnography of the 1930s lost its foundation and argumentation basis. Similarly, too, after the Munich Agreement 1938 and quite definitively after the Nazi occupation, the notions of unity, purity and distinctive character of the ‘Slavic’ culture of ‘Czechoslovak state nation’ faced its ideological and methodological limitations. The present study emphasizes the continuity of problems that plagued the interwar Czechoslovak ethnography, including understaffing of Czechoslovak ethnography due to limitations of university policy at Czechoslovak universities in Prague, Brno and Bratislava. The article presents an analysis of institutional and academic foundation of ethnography after the closing of Czech universities on 17 November 1939. It describes both the conceptual and personnel continuity of care for regional cultural heritage in the 1930s. It also touches upon the ambivalent nature of documentary activities of the Ethnographic Commission of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts. Alongside with the orientation on general anthropology, including its racial aspects, the activities of Czech ethnographers during the occupation tended to focus on documentation of vernacular architecture. In this regard they also joined forces with architects and urban planners on projects that linked the idea of modernization of the countryside with efforts aimed at preserving its ‘traditional’ character in the spirit of the German Heimatschutzbewegung. This direction, as well as other impulses and motifs from the Protectorate era, were then further developed in the ethnographic ‘revival’ of the second half of the 1940s, which - paradoxically enough - resonated both with ‘new Slavic policy’ after 1945 and, to some extent, even with the subsequent Sovietization of the field.
Klíčová slova:
ethnography; Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Czech Ethnography in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. At the Crossroads of Slavic Studies, Regionalism and Heimatschutzbewegung - an Attempt at an Insight into a Seldom Researched Topic
The aim of this contribution is to map the dilemmas that Czech ethnographers were facing in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. With the end of the Czech-Slovak consensus on co-existence in a ...
Sentencing decisions around quantity thresholds: theory and experiment
Drápal, Jakub; Šoltés, Michal
2021 - anglický
We study the implications of the structure of criminal codes on sentencing decisions. To limit sentencing disparities, criminal codes typically divide offenses into subsections with specific sentencing ranges. The classification into corresponding subsections often depends on exceeding a given quantity threshold, such as drug amount. We study the consequences of these quantity thresholds on sentencing decisions and argue that the threshold effect can be decomposed into two opposing mechanisms: the severity mechanism and the reference one. An experiment with Czech prosecutors shows that thresholds drive substantial increases in sentences, leading to sentencing disparities. We further introduce empirical measures of (in)justice and quantify the consequences of quantity thresholds on the probability of imposing a just sentence.
Klíčová slova:
sentencing; quantity threshold; sentencing disparities
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Sentencing decisions around quantity thresholds: theory and experiment
We study the implications of the structure of criminal codes on sentencing decisions. To limit sentencing disparities, criminal codes typically divide offenses into subsections with specific ...
Checkmate! Losing with borders, winning with centers. The case of European integration
Kapanadze, Ketevani
2021 - anglický
This paper studies two major stages of European integration, the expansion of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and the Schengen Area in 2008, and their impacts on economic performance in subregions of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Using European regional data at the NUTS3 level and disaggregated synthetic control method, I construct counterfactuals for sub-regions of CEE countries. This approach allows me to assess regional treatment effects (RTEs) and to study the heterogeneous effects of European integration. I find that the benefits of EU and Schengen memberships to annual GDP per capita are approximately 10% less in border regions, relative to interior areas. The results expose regional economic disparities, as border regions lose relative to interior regions since European integration. Furthermore, integration facilitators in border regions such as fewer geographical barriers, more service employment, and positive attitudes toward the EU did not reduce economic disparities. The results show that the gap persists, regardless of some complementarities. Thus, the main implication of this paper is that sub-regions of CEE countries are far from being fully converged, and that European integration instead seems to have spurred sub-regional divergence.
Klíčová slova:
CEE countries; European integration; RTEs
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Checkmate! Losing with borders, winning with centers. The case of European integration
This paper studies two major stages of European integration, the expansion of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and the Schengen Area in 2008, and their impacts on economic performance in subregions of ...
Wages, minimum wages, and price pass-through: the case of McDonald's restaurants
Ashenfelter, O.; Jurajda, Štěpán
2021 - anglický
We use highly consistent national-coverage price and wage data to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing minimum wage hikes. Based on 2016-2020 hourly wage rates of McDonald’s Basic Crew and prices of the Big Mac sandwich collected simultaneously from almost all US McDonald’s restaurants, we find that in about 25% of instances of minimum wage increases, restaurants display a tendency to keep constant their wage ‘premium’ above the increasing minimum wage. Higher minimum wages are not associated with faster adoption of touch-screen ordering, and there is near-full price pass-through of minimum wages, with little heterogeneity related to how binding minimum wage increases are for restaurants. Minimum wage hikes lead to increases in real wages (expressed in Big Macs an hour of Basic Crew work can buy) that are one fifth lower than the corresponding increases in nominal wages.
Klíčová slova:
minimum wages; wage increases; McDonald’s
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Wages, minimum wages, and price pass-through: the case of McDonald's restaurants
We use highly consistent national-coverage price and wage data to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing ...
Firm relocations, commuting and relationship stability
Hrehová, Kristína; Sandow, E.; Lindgren, U.
2021 - anglický
In this paper, we study the impact of firm relocations on commuting distance and the probability of married couples and cohabiting couples with children separating. We use Swedish register data for 2010-2016 and select employees of relocating firms with one workplace and more than 10 employees. Focusing on this sample allows us to use plausibly exogenous variation in the commuting distance arising from the relocation. We extend the literature on the effect of commuting on relationship stability by reducing the possibility for unobserved time-variant factors to bias our estimates. While previous literature has focused on the difference between short- and long-distance commuting, we focus on changes in the commuting distance that are externally induced by firm management. We find a small but statistically significant negative effect of increased firm relocation distance on family stability. A 10 km change in commuting distance leads to a 0.09 percentage point higher probability of separation if the commuter remains with the firm for the next 5 years.
Klíčová slova:
separation; marriage; commuting time
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Firm relocations, commuting and relationship stability
In this paper, we study the impact of firm relocations on commuting distance and the probability of married couples and cohabiting couples with children separating. We use Swedish register data for ...
Shifting punishment on minorities: experimental evidence of scapegoating
Bauer, Michal; Cahlíková, J.; Chytilová, Julie; Roland, G.; Želinský, T.
2021 - anglický
This paper provides experimental evidence showing that members of a majority group systematically shift punishment on innocent members of an ethnic minority. We develop a new incentivized task, the Punishing the Scapegoat Game, to measure how injustice affecting a member of one’s own group shapes punishment of an unrelated bystander (“a scapegoat”). We manipulate the ethnic identity of the scapegoats and study interactions between the majority group and the Roma minority in Slovakia. We find that when no harm is done, there is no evidence of discrimination against the ethnic minority. In contrast, when a member of one’s own group is harmed, the punishment ”passed” on innocent individuals more than doubles when they are from the minority, as compared to when they are from the dominant group. These results illuminate how individualized tensions can be transformed into a group conflict, dragging minorities into conflicts in a way that is completely unrelated to their behavior.
Klíčová slova:
punishment; minority groups; inter-group conflict
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Shifting punishment on minorities: experimental evidence of scapegoating
This paper provides experimental evidence showing that members of a majority group systematically shift punishment on innocent members of an ethnic minority. We develop a new incentivized task, the ...
Mudra’s Upper Sorbian-Czech dictionary – what can be done about this lexicographic “posthumous child”?
Brankatschk, Katja; Škrabal, M.
2021 - anglický
Jiří Mudra, among his numerous selfless activities, was a Czech doyen of Sorbian studies. He had been working for decades on an Upper Sorbian-Czech dictionary but, unfortunately, had not finished his work on it at the time of his death. Presently, we are considering completing\nMudra’s project. The material collected by Mudra is undoubtedly valuable for us, providing us with a launchpad for further work, still, it is necessary to challenge it with the current data and a modern lexicographic approach. The paper presents the proposed individual methods\naimed at finishing the main body of the dictionary. Every lexicographer works with the data and tools available in his or her time – and Mudra\nwas certainly no exception. There is, therefore, no reason to maintain exaggerated reverence towards his dataset where it is in apparent conflict with the current language reality. The aim is not to foster Mudra’s cult, but to acknowledge his admirable initiative and enthusiasm. The best way to do so is to complete his dictionary with all the possibilities currently offered to us and make it available – as the first academic dictionary in this language combination – to Czech users.
Klíčová slova:
Upper Sorbian-Czech dictionary; Mudra, Jiří; completion of dictionaries
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Mudra’s Upper Sorbian-Czech dictionary – what can be done about this lexicographic “posthumous child”?
Jiří Mudra, among his numerous selfless activities, was a Czech doyen of Sorbian studies. He had been working for decades on an Upper Sorbian-Czech dictionary but, unfortunately, had not finished his ...
Forced migration, staying minorities, and new societies: evidence from post-war Czechoslovakia
Grossmann, Jakub; Jurajda, Štěpán; Roesel, F.
2021 - anglický
Forced migration traumatizes millions displaced from their homes, but little is known about the few who manage to stay and become a minority in a new society. We study the case of German stayers in Sudetenland, a region from which Czechoslovakia expelled ethnic Germans after World War Two. The unexpected presence of the US Army in parts of 1945 Czechoslovakia resulted in more anti-fascist Germans avoiding displacement compared to regions liberated by the Red Army. We study the long-run impacts of this local variation in the presence of left-leaning stayers and find that Communist party support and local party cell frequencies, as well as far-left values and social policies are more pronounced today where anti-fascist Germans stayed in larger numbers. Our findings also suggest that political identity supplanted German ethnic identity among anti-fascist stayers. The German staying minority shaped the political identity of newly formed local societies after ethnic cleansing by providing the ‘small seed’ of political development.
Klíčová slova:
forced migration; displacement; ethnic cleansing
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Forced migration, staying minorities, and new societies: evidence from post-war Czechoslovakia
Forced migration traumatizes millions displaced from their homes, but little is known about the few who manage to stay and become a minority in a new society. We study the case of German stayers in ...
EATAW 2021: 11th Conference of the European Association for the Teaching of the Academic Writing: Book of abstracts
Kašpárková, A.; Frančíková, Dagmar; Etchegoyen Rosolová, Kamila
2021 - anglický
The theme of EATAW 2021 was “The residence of writing and writing support.” Academic writing is considered an interdisciplinary field. The activities of academic writing teachers and related research head in many different directions. The conference helped us revisit the foundations, and asked seemingly simple questions: Who are we?, Where do we work?, What is our field?, (How) has academic writing become a field?, How do technologies help us?, Who are other stakeholders in academic writing support? Moreover, our theme explored the essence of our work and professional identity in an unprecedented time of the covid-19 outbreak that had put more things in motion than we could have ever imagined. Therefore, we added the question of: What has changed recently? We felt that some of the questions had been here for decades but may have still been unanswered in certain contexts and/or in contexts that keep changing. The conference was held online on July 7 and 8, 2021, and was organized by VSB-Technical University of Ostrava and the Czech Language Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences.
Klíčová slova:
academic writing; writing for publication; Czech Republic
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
EATAW 2021: 11th Conference of the European Association for the Teaching of the Academic Writing: Book of abstracts
The theme of EATAW 2021 was “The residence of writing and writing support.” Academic writing is considered an interdisciplinary field. The activities of academic writing teachers and related research ...
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