Transformations in the Interpretation of Music Folklore: From the Protection of Everyday Culture to the Emergence of a Music Genre (Using the Czech Republic as a Case Study)
Uhlíková, Lucie; Pavlicová, M.
2023 - Czech
From the 1960s onwards, efforts began to develop in Czech ethnology, which gradually began to include folklore manifestations in their second existence in professional research. The field of folklorism sometimes overlapped with the existence of folk traditions, sometimes built on them, and sometimes was only inspired by them to varying degrees. The distinction in such defined categories was not easy even in the past, and with the increasingly rapid development of society, it became blurred in the general consciousness. Within this scope, a contemporary broad music genre, music folklore, has emerged that is not easy to define in terms of content. In this paper, the authors outline its historical formation, show model moments of its development, and deal with its polyfunctionality: many collectives present themselves not only on stage (together with dancers) and in concert settings (independently), but also participate in local ethno-cultural traditions, dance parties, family celebrations (weddings, birthdays), and commercially focused events. To illustrate this, the paper uses archival source material, and field research based on interviews with selected musicians. Od 60. let 20. století se v české etnologii začaly rozvíjet snahy, které postupně začaly zařazovat projevy folkloru v jejich druhé existenci do odborného výzkumu. Oblast folklorismu se někdy překrývala s existujícími lidovými tradicemi, někdy na ně navazovala a někdy se jimi pouze v různé míře inspirovala. Rozlišení v takto vymezených kategoriích nebylo snadné ani v minulosti a s příchodem stále rychlejším vývojem společnosti se v obecném povědomí rozostřilo. V tomto rámci vznikl současný široký hudební žánr zakořeněný v hudebním folkloru, který není snadné obsahově vymezit. Příspěvek nastiňuje průběh jeho historického formování, ukazuje modelové momenty jeho vývoje a zabývá se jeho polyfunkčností: mnoho kolektivů se prezentuje nejen na jevišti (spolu s tanečníky) a v hudebních pořadech. koncertním prostředí (samostatně), podílí se ale také na místních etnokulturních tradicích, tanečních zábavách, rodinných oslavách (svatby, narozeniny) a komerčně zaměřených akcích. akce. K ilustraci popsaných faktů článek využívá archivní pramenný materiál a terénní výzkum založený na základě rozhovorů s vybranými hudebníky
Keywords:
Music folklore; transformations of folk tradition; music genre; folk revivalism in the Czech Republic
Fulltext is available at external website.
Transformations in the Interpretation of Music Folklore: From the Protection of Everyday Culture to the Emergence of a Music Genre (Using the Czech Republic as a Case Study)
From the 1960s onwards, efforts began to develop in Czech ethnology, which gradually began to include folklore manifestations in their second existence in professional research. The field of ...
Transformations in the Interpretation of Music Folklore: From the Protection of Everyday Culture to the Emergence of a Music Genre (Using the Czech Republic as a Case Study)
Uhlíková, Lucie; Pavlicová, M.
2023 - English
From the 1960s onwards, efforts began to develop in Czech ethnology, which gradually began to include folklore manifestations in their second existence in professional research. The field of folklorism sometimes overlapped with the existence of folk traditions, sometimes built on them, and sometimes was only inspired by them to varying degrees. The distinction in such defined categories was not easy even in the past, and with the increasingly rapid development of society, it became blurred in the general consciousness. Within this scope, a contemporary broad music genre, music folklore, has emerged that is not easy to define in terms of content. In this paper, the authors outline its historical formation, show model moments of its development, and deal with its polyfunctionality: many collectives present themselves not only on stage (together with dancers) and in concert settings (independently), but also participate in local ethno-cultural traditions, dance parties, family celebrations (weddings, birthdays), and commercially focused events. To illustrate this, the paper uses archival source material, and field research based on interviews with selected musicians.
Keywords:
Music folklore; transformations of folk tradition; music genre; folk revivalism in the Czech Republic
Fulltext is available at external website.
Transformations in the Interpretation of Music Folklore: From the Protection of Everyday Culture to the Emergence of a Music Genre (Using the Czech Republic as a Case Study)
From the 1960s onwards, efforts began to develop in Czech ethnology, which gradually began to include folklore manifestations in their second existence in professional research. The field of ...
The Folk Song Cultural Heritage in the Context of Political Correctness: When hep, hep is not hop, hop
Uhlíková, Lucie; Pavlicová, M.
2022 - English
The paper explores folk songs written down in what is present-day Czech Republic from roughly the beginning of the 19th century to the 1970s. It shows how song lyrics were treated in the past when they did not conform to the social conventions, aesthetics, ethical ideals, and patriotic goals of the time. When such songs were written down by collectors, their lyrics were often modified, some parts being omitted, others changed. This practice was followed from the early 19th century until the fall of the communist totalitarian regime in 1989. At present, these authentic folk song lyrics seem non-controversial by some performers, but many lyrics are far from it. One of the components of tradition is social memory, which is associated with cultural stereotypes—the generally fixed ideas that people have about themselves and members of different groups. These “Others” are usually members of a different ethnicity, religion, or social class. Their image in folklore involves certain ideas, ideological views, evaluative attitudes, and historical experience. Using the example of otherness, which in Czech folk songs is mainly associated with the negative image of members of the Jewish minority, the paper shows the possible results of misunderstanding the historical context: the anti-Semitic motifs of some older songs and dances resented in public may not be evident to those who perform them today.
Keywords:
folklore; cultural stereotypes; cultural heritage; phenomenon of otherness; political correctness
Fulltext is available at external website.
The Folk Song Cultural Heritage in the Context of Political Correctness: When hep, hep is not hop, hop
The paper explores folk songs written down in what is present-day Czech Republic from roughly the beginning of the 19th century to the 1970s. It shows how song lyrics were treated in the past when ...
The Folk Song Cultural Heritagše in the Context of Political Correctness: When hep hep is not hop hop
Uhlíková, Lucie; Pavlicová, M.
2022 - Czech
The paper explores folk songs written down in what is present-day Czech Republic from roughly the beginning of the 19th century to the 1970s. It shows how song lyrics were treated in the past when they did not conform to the social conventions, aesthetics, ethical ideals, and patriotic goals of the time. When such songs were written down by collectors, their lyrics were often modified, some parts being omitted, others changed. This practice was followed from the early 19th century until the fall of the communist totalitarian regime in 1989. At present, these authentic folk song lyrics seem non-controversial by some performers, but many lyrics are far from it. One of the components of tradition is social memory, which is associated with cultural stereotypes—the generally fixed ideas that people have about themselves and members of different groups. These “Others” are usually members of a different ethnicity, religion, or social class. Their image in folklore involves certain ideas, ideological views, evaluative attitudes, and historical experience. Using the example of otherness, which in Czech folk songs is mainly associated with the negative image of members of the Jewish minority, the paper shows the possible results of misunderstanding the historical context: the anti-Semitic motifs of some older songs and dances resented in public may not be evident to those who perform them today. Příspěvek na příkladu lidových písní zapsaných na území dnešní České republiky zhruba od počátku 19. století do 70. let 20. století ukazuje, jak bylo v minulosti nakládáno s písňovými texty, které se v daném historickém nevyhovovaly dobovým společenským konvencím, estetickým i etickým ideálům i vlasteneckým cílům. Pokud byly vůbec takové písně zapsány, pak byl jejich text upravován, některé jeho části byly vypuštěny, jiné změněny. Tato situace trvala od počátku 19. století do pádů komunistické totality v roce 1989. Dnes se autentické znění folklorních textů a dalších dobových pramenů může jevit jako bezproblémová záležitost. Jednou ze složek tradice je ale také sociální paměť a s ní spojené kulturní stereotypy – ustálené představy, které mají lidé sami o sobě a o příslušnících odlišných skupin. Ti „druzí“ mohou být příslušníci jiného etnika či náboženství, odlišné sociální vrstvy apod. Jejich obraz ve folkloru představuje poměrně složitý komplex obecných představ, ideologických názorů, hodnotících postojů a historických zkušeností. Příspěvek na příkladu tzv. fenoménu cizosti, který je v českých lidových písních spojen především s negativním obrazem příslušníků židovské minority, ukazuje, že ztráta historického kontextu může znamenat, že dnes mohou být na veřejnosti prezentovány písně a tance, jejichž antisemitský motiv těm, kteří je interpretují, nemusí být vůbec zřejmý.
Keywords:
folklore; cultural stereotypes; political correctness; cultural heritage; phenomenon of otherness
Fulltext is available at external website.
The Folk Song Cultural Heritagše in the Context of Political Correctness: When hep hep is not hop hop
The paper explores folk songs written down in what is present-day Czech Republic from roughly the beginning of the 19th century to the 1970s. It shows how song lyrics were treated in the past when ...
Romani Studies at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University
Uherek, Zdeněk
2021 - English
An overview of research in the field of Romani studies at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and at the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University.
Keywords:
Romani Studies; Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences; Institute of Etnonology, Czech Academy of Sciences
Fulltext is available at external website.
Romani Studies at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University
An overview of research in the field of Romani studies at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and at the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles ...
Between the Countryside and the City: Changes of the Living Space of Folk Traditions and the Development of the Folklore Movement in the Czech Lands in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Uhlíková, Lucie
2020 - Czech
The folklore movement in the Czech lands is not related only to the development of cultural policy after the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It is also connected to the period of enthusiasm that immediately followed the ending of World War II in Europe, although its importance is rooted in the inter-war development of Czechoslovakia and older activities. Gradually, a new stage and musical genre were developed that were represented by outstanding personalities, who became role models for the way they worked with folklore. This related predominantly to rural culture; however, very soon the city became its new environment. Various activities of folk ensembles contributed to the fact that in the second half of the 20th century, folk traditions became not only a space for artistic self-realization, but an important form of sociocultural capital at the local and regional levels. Folklorní hnutí v českých zemích nevzniká teprve v důsledku kulturněpolitického vývoje po únoru 1948, kdy v Československu přezvali moc komunisté, nýbrž souvisí s euforickým obdobím těsně po druhé světové válce a navazuje také na vývoj v meziválečném Československu i na starší activity. Postupně vznikl nový jevištní i hudební žánr reprezentovanými výraznými osobnostmi, které se stávaly vzory pro způsob práce s folklorním materiálem. Ten souvisel především s kulturou venkova, jeho novým životním prostorem se však stalo zejména město. Aktivity folklorních souborů přispěly k tomu, že lidové tradice se ve druhé polovině 20. století staly nejen prostorem pro uměleckou seberealizaci, ale také důležitým sociokulturním kapitálem na úrovni lokální i regionální.
Keywords:
folklore movement in Czechoslovakia; Folk ensemble; folklore on stage; culture and politics; tradition as political capital
Fulltext is available at external website.
Between the Countryside and the City: Changes of the Living Space of Folk Traditions and the Development of the Folklore Movement in the Czech Lands in the Second Half of the 20th Century
The folklore movement in the Czech lands is not related only to the development of cultural policy after the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It is also connected to the period of ...
Music, time, and space in a progressive reflection of Leoš Janáček
Procházková, Jarmila
2020 - Czech
The paper focuses on that specific part of Janáček’s theory of music that deals with the relationship of music and space, thus logically including the term time as a continuum in which music takes place. Janáček found ideal study material in speech melodies (nápěvky) and in folk song, that is, in an area not touched negatively by literary (written) petrification. This enabled him to observe manifestations that originated spontaneously in rhythm and expression. The paper also deals with later reflections by Janáček of the specific connection of music with space, that is, the psychological internalization of music matter. Janáček found the theoretical explanation of folk song partly in geographical determinism. In his opinion, mesological influences determine the regionally-specific features of melody, rhythm, and other components of folk music. New philosophical and methodological influences, including Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, could be observed in Janáček’s theory in the beginning of the 1920s. The composer stopped using the term space-time, which included encoded variability and the independence of the observer. It was this subjectivity of the observer, presupposing shifts in time and thus in meaning, that became a part of Janáček’s understanding of the musical material, both in the reception phase and especially in the process of creation. This view supported Janáček’s tendency towards the tectonic concept of music structure, affirming him in his sophisticated work with time layers and consequently helping him create unique deeds in dramaturgy in the area of composing opera music. Příspěvek se soustřeďuje na tu část Janáčkovy teorie hudby, která byla zaměřena na souvztažnost hudby a prostoru, a tím i logicky zahrnovala termín čas jako kontinuum, ve kterém hudba probíhá. Ideální studijní materiál Janáček nalezl v nápěvcích mluvy a v lidové písni, tedy v oblastech nezatížených písemnou (psanou) petrifikací a umožňujících sledovat rytmicky a výrazově spontánně vznikající projevy. Studie se zabývá také pozdějšími Janáčkovými reflexemi specifické vazby hudby na prostor, kterou je psychická interiorizace hudební matérie. Teoretické vysvětlení týkající se lidové písně Janáček částečně nalezl v geografickém determinismu – „mesologické vlivy“ jsou podle něj příčinou regionálně specifických rysů v melodii, rytmice a dalších složkách lidové hudby. Na začátku druhého desetiletí 20. století je možné v Janáčkově teorii vysledovat nové filosofické a metodologické, včetně Einsteinovy teorie relativity. Skladatel rezignoval na termín prostoročas, který má v sobě zakódovanou variabilitu a nezávislost na pozorovateli. Právě subjektivita pozorovatele, předpokládající časové i tím i významové posuny, se stala součástí Janáčkova nazírání na hudební materiál jak ve fázi recepce, tak zejména v tvůrčím procesu. Tento náhled podpořil Janáčkovu tendenci k tektonickému pojetí hudební struktury, utvrdil jej v sofistikované práci s časovými vrstvami a ve svém důsledku tak dopomohl k vytvoření dramaturgicky unikátních počinů v oblasti operní tvorby.
Keywords:
Leoš Janáček; (folk) music theory; geographical determinism; theory of relativity; rhythmic organization of music
Fulltext is available at external website.
Music, time, and space in a progressive reflection of Leoš Janáček
The paper focuses on that specific part of Janáček’s theory of music that deals with the relationship of music and space, thus logically including the term time as a continuum in which music takes ...
Between the Countryside and the City: Changes of the Living Space of Folk Traditions and the Development of the Folklore Movement in the Czech Lands in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Uhlíková, Lucie
2020 - English
The folklore movement in the Czech lands is not related only to the development of cultural policy after the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It is also connected to the period of enthusiasm that immediately followed the ending of World War II in Europe, although its importance is rooted in the inter-war development of Czechoslovakia and older activities. Gradually, a new stage and musical genre were developed that were represented by outstanding personalities, who became role models for the way they worked with folklore. This related predominantly to rural culture, however, very soon the city became its new environment. Various activities of folk ensembles contributed to the fact that in the second half of the 20th century, folk traditions became not only a space for artistic self-realization, but an important form of sociocultural capital at the local and regional levels.
Keywords:
Folklore movement in Czechoslovakia; folk ensemble; culture and politics; tradition as a political capital; revitalization of tradition
Fulltext is available at external website.
Between the Countryside and the City: Changes of the Living Space of Folk Traditions and the Development of the Folklore Movement in the Czech Lands in the Second Half of the 20th Century
The folklore movement in the Czech lands is not related only to the development of cultural policy after the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It is also connected to the period of ...
From Folklore to World Music: Music and Space
Uhlíková, Lucie; Přibylová, I.
2020 - Czech
The conference edited proceedings on folk and ethnic music, modern folk music and world music. Sborník z 17. mezinárodního kolokvia zaměřeného na lidovou, etnickou hudbu a world music.
Keywords:
folk music; ethnic music; music and space; music and politics
Fulltext is available at external website.
From Folklore to World Music: Music and Space
The conference edited proceedings on folk and ethnic music, modern folk music and world music.
Folk Song and Space: Examples from Moravia and Silesia
Toncrová, Marta
2020 - Czech
The article deals with the relationship of space and folk song, using examples from research on music folklore and folk singing in Moravia and Silesia. While some songs were not connected to specific environments, others were often or exclusively performed indoors, while others had to be performed in the open space. The impact of space upon a song was sometimes strengthened by the function of the song: either intimate singing, or singing connected with dance. Článek se zabývá vztahem prostoru a lidové písně na příkladu výzkumu hudebního folkloru a lidové zpěvnosti na Moravě a ve Slezsku. Některé písně nebyly vázány na konkrétní prostředí, jiné zněly častěji nebo výhradně v interiéru, pro interpretaci dalších byl potřeba volný prostor. Působení prostoru na píseň někdy umocňovala také jejich funkce: vznikaly tak rozdíly mezi intimním zpěvním přednesem a zpěvem spojeným s tancem.
Keywords:
folklore; folk song; spatial interpretation of folk song
Fulltext is available at external website.
Folk Song and Space: Examples from Moravia and Silesia
The article deals with the relationship of space and folk song, using examples from research on music folklore and folk singing in Moravia and Silesia. While some songs were not connected to specific ...
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