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Simulating particle-laden flows: from immersed boundaries towards model order reduction
Isoz, Martin; Kubíčková, Lucie; Kotouč Šourek, M.; Studeník, Ondřej; Kovárnová, A.
2023 - English
Particle-laden flow is prevalent both in nature and in industry. Its appearance ranges from the trans-port of riverbed sediments towards the magma flow, from the deposition of catalytic material inside particulate matter filters in automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment towards the slurry transport in dredging operations. In this contribution, we focus on the particle-resolved direct numerical simulation (PR-DNS) of the particle-laden flow. Such a simulation combines the standard Eulerian approach to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with inclusion of particles via a variant of the immersed boundary method (IBM) and tracking of the particles movement using a discrete element method (DEM). Provided the used DEM allows for collisions of arbitrarily shaped particles, PR-DNS is based (almost) entirely on first principles, and as such it is a truly high-fidelity model. The downside of PR-DNS is its immense computational cost. In this work, we focus on three possibilities of alleviating the computational cost of PR-DNS: (i) replacing PR-DNS by PR-LES or PR-RANS, while the latter requires combining IBM with wall functions, (ii) improving efficiency of DEM contact solution via adaptively refined virtual mesh, and (iii) developing a method of model order reduction specifically tailored to PR-DNS of particle-laden flows.
Keywords:
particle-laden flow; CFD-DEM; arbitrarily-shaped particles; finite volume method
Fulltext is available at external website.
Simulating particle-laden flows: from immersed boundaries towards model order reduction
Particle-laden flow is prevalent both in nature and in industry. Its appearance ranges from the trans-port of riverbed sediments towards the magma flow, from the deposition of catalytic material ...
On Reynolds-averaged turbulence modeling with immersed boundary method
Kubíčková, Lucie; Isoz, Martin
2023 - English
The immersed boundary (IB) method is an approach in the computational fluid dynamics in which complex geometry conforming meshes are replaced by simple ones and the true simulated geometry is projected onto the simple mesh by a scalar field and adjustment of governing equations. Such an approach is particularly advantageous in topology optimizations (TO) where it allows for substantial speed-up since a single mesh can be used for all the tested topologies. In our previous work, we linked our custom IB variant, the hybrid fictitious domain-immersed boundary method (HFDIB), with a TO framework and successfully carried out an optimization under laminar flow conditions. However, to allow for optimizations of reallife components, the IB approach needs to be coupled with an affordable turbulence modeling. In this contribution, we focus on extending the HFDIB approach by the possibility to perform Reynolds-averaged simulations (RAS). In particular, we implemented the k − ω turbulence model and wall functions for closure variables and velocity.
Keywords:
immersed boundary; RAS; wall functions; CFD; OpenFOAM
Fulltext is available at external website.
On Reynolds-averaged turbulence modeling with immersed boundary method
The immersed boundary (IB) method is an approach in the computational fluid dynamics in which complex geometry conforming meshes are replaced by simple ones and the true simulated geometry is ...
Finite element modal analysis of a silicone vocal fold filled with fluid
Hájek, P.; Radolf, Vojtěch; Horáček, Jaromír; Švec, J. G.
2023 - English
A three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of a silicone vocal fold (VF) filled with fluid is presented here. The silicone part of the model is based on partial differential equations of the continuum mechanics and consider large deformations. The fluid domain encapsulated in the silicone VF is defined semianalytically as a lumped-element model describing the fluid in hydrostatic conditions. The elongated and pressurized silicone VF was subjected to perturbed modal analysis. Results showed that the choice of the fluid inside the VF substantially influences the natural frequencies. Namely, the water-filling lowers the natural frequencies approximately by half over the air-filling. Besides, the procedure of reverse engineering for obtaining the geometry of the VF from already 3D-printed mold is introduced.
Keywords:
perturbed modal analysis; finite element method; vocal folds; reverse engineering; biomechanics of voice
Fulltext is available at external website.
Finite element modal analysis of a silicone vocal fold filled with fluid
A three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of a silicone vocal fold (VF) filled with fluid is presented here. The silicone part of the model is based on partial differential equations of the ...
From John Graunt to Adolphe Quetelet: on the Origins Of Demography
Kalina, Jan
2023 - English
John Graunt (1620-1674) and Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874) were two important personalities, who contributed to the origins of demography. As they both developed statistical techniques for the analysis of demographic data, they are important also from the point of view of history of statistics. The contributions of both Graunt and Quetelet especially to the development of mortality tables and models are recalled in this paper. Already from the 17th century, the available mortality tables were exploited for computing life annuities. Also the contribution of selected personalities inspired by Graunt are recalled here, the work of Christian Huygens, Jacob Bernoulli, or Abraham de Moivre is discussed to document that the historical development of statistics and probability theory was connected with the development of demography.
Keywords:
history of demography; history of statistics; probability theory; moral statistics; mortality tables
Fulltext is available at external website.
From John Graunt to Adolphe Quetelet: on the Origins Of Demography
John Graunt (1620-1674) and Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874) were two important personalities, who contributed to the origins of demography. As they both developed statistical techniques for the analysis ...
MAD UFOs: Magnetically Arrested Discs with persistent Ultra-Fast Outflows
Suková, Petra; Zajaček, M.; Karas, Vladimír
2023 - English
We study an outflow that develops in the MAD state in 3D GRMHD simulations. We show that the outflow can be accelerated to\nrelativistic velocities and persist over the course of our simulation. We compare the properties of the outflow from MAD discs with those launched by orbiting secondary at close orbit. The main difference is that the orbiting body launches a more coherent, quasiperiodic ultrafast outflow at lower velocities (v < 0.5c) while the outflow launched in the MAD state (without the body) has a stochastic behaviour and has anapproximately flat velocity distribution between lower anf higher outflow velocities, 0.2c < v < 0.3c and v > 0.5c.
Keywords:
accretion discs; black holes; active galactic nuclei
Fulltext is available at external website.
MAD UFOs: Magnetically Arrested Discs with persistent Ultra-Fast Outflows
We study an outflow that develops in the MAD state in 3D GRMHD simulations. We show that the outflow can be accelerated to\nrelativistic velocities and persist over the course of our simulation. We ...
TESTING THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE SCALES AND THE AVERAGING PRINCIPLE FOR MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF QUASIPERIODIC TWO TIME-SCALE MODELS
Papáček, Štěpán; Matonoha, Ctirad
2023 - English
Some dynamical systems are characterized by more than one timescale, e.g. two well separated time-scales are typical for quasiperiodic systems. The aim of this paper is to show how singular perturbation methods based on the slow-fast decomposition can serve for an enhanced parameter estimation when the slowly changing features are rigorously treated. Although the ultimate goal is to reduce the standard error for the estimated parameters, here we test two methods for numerical approximations of the solution of associated forward problem: (i) the multiple time-scales method, and (ii) the method of averaging. On a case study, being an under-damped harmonic oscillator containing two state variables and two parameters, the method of averaging gives well (theoretically predicted) results, while the use of multiple time-scales method is not suitable for our purposes.
Keywords:
Dynamical system; Singular perturbation; Averaging; Parameter estimation; Slow-fast decomposition; Damped oscillations
Fulltext is available at external website.
TESTING THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE SCALES AND THE AVERAGING PRINCIPLE FOR MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF QUASIPERIODIC TWO TIME-SCALE MODELS
Some dynamical systems are characterized by more than one timescale, e.g. two well separated time-scales are typical for quasiperiodic systems. The aim of this paper is to show how singular ...
Different Boundary Conditions For LES Solver PALM 6.0 Used for ABL in Tunnel Experiment
Řezníček, Hynek; Geletič, Jan; Bureš, Martin; Krč, Pavel; Resler, Jaroslav; Vrbová, Kateřina; Trush, Arsenii; Michálek, Petr; Beneš, L.; Sühring, M.
2023 - English
We tried to reproduce results measured in the wind tunnel experiment with a CFD simulation provided by numerical model PALM. A realistic buildings layout from the Prague-Dejvice quarter has been chosen as a testing domain because solid validation campaign for PALM simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) over this quarter was documented in the past. The question of input data needed for such simulation and capability of the model to capture correctly the inlet profile and its turbulence structure provided by the wind-tunnel is discussed in the study The PALM dynamical core contains a solver for the Navier-Stokes equations. By default, the model uses the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach in which the bulk of the turbulent motions is explicitly resolved. It is well validated tool for simulations of the complex air-flow within the real urban canopy and also within its reduced scale provided by wind tunnel experiments. However the computed flow field between the testing buildings did not correspond well to the measured wind velocity in some points. Different setting of the inlet boundary condition was tested but none of them gave completely developed turbulent flow generated by vortex generators and castellated barrier wall place at the entrance of the aerodynamic section of the wind tunnel.
Keywords:
large eddy simulation; wind tunnel; atmospheric boundary layer; PALM model; turbulence
Fulltext is available at external website.
Different Boundary Conditions For LES Solver PALM 6.0 Used for ABL in Tunnel Experiment
We tried to reproduce results measured in the wind tunnel experiment with a CFD simulation provided by numerical model PALM. A realistic buildings layout from the Prague-Dejvice quarter has been ...
On the structure and values of betweenness centrality in dense betweenness-uniform graphs
Ghanbari, B.; Hartman, David; Jelínek, V.; Pokorná, Aneta; Šámal, R.; Valtr, P.
2023 - English
Betweenness centrality is a network centrality measure based on the amount of shortest paths passing through a given vertex. A graph is betweenness-uniform (BUG)if all vertices have an equal value of betweenness centrality. In this contribution, we focus on betweenness-uniform graphs with betweenness centrality below one. We disprove a conjecture about the existence of a BUG with betweenness value α for any rational numberαfrom the interval (3/4,∞) by showing that only very few betweenness centrality values below 6/7 are attained for at least one BUG. Furthermore, among graphs with diameter at least three, there are no betweenness-uniform graphs with a betweenness centrality smaller than one. In graphs of smaller diameter, the same can be shown under a uniformity condition on the components of the complement.
Keywords:
betweenness; graphs
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
On the structure and values of betweenness centrality in dense betweenness-uniform graphs
Betweenness centrality is a network centrality measure based on the amount of shortest paths passing through a given vertex. A graph is betweenness-uniform (BUG)if all vertices have an equal value of ...
Ambiguity in Stochastic Optimization Problems with Nonlinear Dependence on a Probability Measure via Wasserstein Metric
Kaňková, Vlasta
2023 - English
Many economic and financial applications lead to deterministic optimization problems depending on a probability measure. It happens very often (in applications) that these problems have to be solved on the data base. Point estimates of an optimal value and estimates of an optimal solutionset can be obtained by this approach. A consistency, a rate of convergence and normal properties, of these estimates, have been discussed (many times) not only under assumptions of independent data corresponding to the distributions with light tails, but also for weak dependent data and the distributions with heavy tails. However, it is also possible to estimate (on the data base) a confidence intervals and bounds for the optimal value and the optimal solutions. To analyze this approach we focus on a special case of static problems depending nonlineary on the probability measure. Stability results based on the Wasserstein metric and the Valander approach will be employed for the above mentioned analysis.
Keywords:
Stochastic optimization problems; static problems; empirical measure; point estimates; interval estimates; nonlinear dependence
Fulltext is available at external website.
Ambiguity in Stochastic Optimization Problems with Nonlinear Dependence on a Probability Measure via Wasserstein Metric
Many economic and financial applications lead to deterministic optimization problems depending on a probability measure. It happens very often (in applications) that these problems have to be solved ...
Runoff from a mainly peat bog basin
Vlček, Lukáš; Falátková, Kristýna
2023 - Czech
This research focuses on the basin's hydrological regime, where peatlands make up approximately half of the area. Hydrological processes in the peat bog and the surrounding forest were evaluated using the HBV model. The results show that the peatlands significantly increase the water regime fluctuation of local streams. Moreover, water balance shows a lower cooling effect of tree-less peat bogs than forests on organo-mineral soils. Except for a positive ecological aspect, peatland restoration can have a negative hydrological impact on the surrounding landscape and local streams. Příspěvek se věnuje hydrologickému režimu povodí, kde rašeliniště tvoří přibližně polovinu rozlohy. Pomocí modelu byly hodnoceny hydrologické procesy v rašeliništi a okolním lese. Z výsledků vyplývá, že rašeliniště výrazně zvyšuje fluktuaci vodního režimu místních toků. Vodní bilance zase ukazuje snížený ochalozovací efekt rašelinišť bez stromového patra oproti lesům na organominerální půdě. Revitalizace rašelinišť tak může mít kromě pozitivního ekologického aspektu negativní hydroogický dopad na okolní krajinu a místní toky.
Keywords:
water balance; peat bog; runoff formation
Fulltext is available at external website.
Runoff from a mainly peat bog basin
This research focuses on the basin's hydrological regime, where peatlands make up approximately half of the area. Hydrological processes in the peat bog and the surrounding forest were evaluated using ...
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