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From John Graunt to Adolphe Quetelet: on the Origins Of Demography
Kalina, Jan
2023 - anglický
John Graunt (1620-1674) and Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874) were two important personalities, who contributed to the origins of demography. As they both developed statistical techniques for the analysis of demographic data, they are important also from the point of view of history of statistics. The contributions of both Graunt and Quetelet especially to the development of mortality tables and models are recalled in this paper. Already from the 17th century, the available mortality tables were exploited for computing life annuities. Also the contribution of selected personalities inspired by Graunt are recalled here, the work of Christian Huygens, Jacob Bernoulli, or Abraham de Moivre is discussed to document that the historical development of statistics and probability theory was connected with the development of demography.
Klíčová slova:
history of demography; history of statistics; probability theory; moral statistics; mortality tables
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
From John Graunt to Adolphe Quetelet: on the Origins Of Demography
John Graunt (1620-1674) and Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874) were two important personalities, who contributed to the origins of demography. As they both developed statistical techniques for the analysis ...
MAD UFOs: Magnetically Arrested Discs with persistent Ultra-Fast Outflows
Suková, Petra; Zajaček, M.; Karas, Vladimír
2023 - anglický
We study an outflow that develops in the MAD state in 3D GRMHD simulations. We show that the outflow can be accelerated to\nrelativistic velocities and persist over the course of our simulation. We compare the properties of the outflow from MAD discs with those launched by orbiting secondary at close orbit. The main difference is that the orbiting body launches a more coherent, quasiperiodic ultrafast outflow at lower velocities (v < 0.5c) while the outflow launched in the MAD state (without the body) has a stochastic behaviour and has anapproximately flat velocity distribution between lower anf higher outflow velocities, 0.2c < v < 0.3c and v > 0.5c.
Klíčová slova:
accretion discs; black holes; active galactic nuclei
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
MAD UFOs: Magnetically Arrested Discs with persistent Ultra-Fast Outflows
We study an outflow that develops in the MAD state in 3D GRMHD simulations. We show that the outflow can be accelerated to\nrelativistic velocities and persist over the course of our simulation. We ...
TESTING THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE SCALES AND THE AVERAGING PRINCIPLE FOR MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF QUASIPERIODIC TWO TIME-SCALE MODELS
Papáček, Štěpán; Matonoha, Ctirad
2023 - anglický
Some dynamical systems are characterized by more than one timescale, e.g. two well separated time-scales are typical for quasiperiodic systems. The aim of this paper is to show how singular perturbation methods based on the slow-fast decomposition can serve for an enhanced parameter estimation when the slowly changing features are rigorously treated. Although the ultimate goal is to reduce the standard error for the estimated parameters, here we test two methods for numerical approximations of the solution of associated forward problem: (i) the multiple time-scales method, and (ii) the method of averaging. On a case study, being an under-damped harmonic oscillator containing two state variables and two parameters, the method of averaging gives well (theoretically predicted) results, while the use of multiple time-scales method is not suitable for our purposes.
Klíčová slova:
Dynamical system; Singular perturbation; Averaging; Parameter estimation; Slow-fast decomposition; Damped oscillations
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
TESTING THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE SCALES AND THE AVERAGING PRINCIPLE FOR MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF QUASIPERIODIC TWO TIME-SCALE MODELS
Some dynamical systems are characterized by more than one timescale, e.g. two well separated time-scales are typical for quasiperiodic systems. The aim of this paper is to show how singular ...
Different Boundary Conditions For LES Solver PALM 6.0 Used for ABL in Tunnel Experiment
Řezníček, Hynek; Geletič, Jan; Bureš, Martin; Krč, Pavel; Resler, Jaroslav; Vrbová, Kateřina; Trush, Arsenii; Michálek, Petr; Beneš, L.; Sühring, M.
2023 - anglický
We tried to reproduce results measured in the wind tunnel experiment with a CFD simulation provided by numerical model PALM. A realistic buildings layout from the Prague-Dejvice quarter has been chosen as a testing domain because solid validation campaign for PALM simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) over this quarter was documented in the past. The question of input data needed for such simulation and capability of the model to capture correctly the inlet profile and its turbulence structure provided by the wind-tunnel is discussed in the study The PALM dynamical core contains a solver for the Navier-Stokes equations. By default, the model uses the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach in which the bulk of the turbulent motions is explicitly resolved. It is well validated tool for simulations of the complex air-flow within the real urban canopy and also within its reduced scale provided by wind tunnel experiments. However the computed flow field between the testing buildings did not correspond well to the measured wind velocity in some points. Different setting of the inlet boundary condition was tested but none of them gave completely developed turbulent flow generated by vortex generators and castellated barrier wall place at the entrance of the aerodynamic section of the wind tunnel.
Klíčová slova:
large eddy simulation; wind tunnel; atmospheric boundary layer; PALM model; turbulence
Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách.
Different Boundary Conditions For LES Solver PALM 6.0 Used for ABL in Tunnel Experiment
We tried to reproduce results measured in the wind tunnel experiment with a CFD simulation provided by numerical model PALM. A realistic buildings layout from the Prague-Dejvice quarter has been ...
Room temperature ethanol detection using carbon materials
Kočí, Michal
2023 - anglický
Allotropic forms of carbon, in particular graphene oxide (GO) or nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), attracted the attention of many research groups due to their unique electronic structures and extraordinary physical and chemical properties, preferable for many different applications, including sensor devices. This work focuses on responses of various sensing layers (NCD with hydrogen termination (H-NCD), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), thiol-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) and their hybrid structures to ethanol vapor with concentrations up to 100 ppm in synthetic air at room temperature. The measured parameters of the tested sensors, especially stability, reproducibility and regeneration, are compared and critically evaluated. The high sensitivity of tested sensors achieved at room temperature makes them very promising for monitoring ethanol vapor as well as other volatile substances (e.g., isopropyl-alcohol or acetone).
Klíčová slova:
gas sensor; nanocrystalline diamond (NCD); graphene oxide (GO); reduced graphene oxide (rGO); thiol-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH)
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Room temperature ethanol detection using carbon materials
Allotropic forms of carbon, in particular graphene oxide (GO) or nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), attracted the attention of many research groups due to their unique electronic structures and ...
Výzkum zříceniny hradu Štamberk v kontextu regionu
Novotný, Jakub; Ramešová, Michaela
2023 - český
Příspěvek přibližuje dosavadní výsledky výzkumu hradu Štamberk realizovaného dle nově definovaných zásad pro výzkum, správu a prezentaci historických zřícenin, jehož cílem je podpořit nová řešení jak zvýšit využitelnost hradu pro cestovní ruch a integrovat památku do regionálních struktur lokalit s potenciálem cestovního ruchu. Hrad byl významným panstvím v rámci území dnešní Vysočiny. Předmětem řešení projektu, na kterém od roku 2020 spolupracuje ÚTAM AV ČR s Mikroregionem Telčsko, je výzkum historie hradu se zaměřením na technologická hlediska jeho výstavby, stavebních změn i zániku. Součástí je vytvoření 3D modelu zříceniny v krajinném kontextu. Projekt se soustředí na dějiny výroby vápna a související inventarizaci geologických lokalit. Tento výzkum přináší nové informace důležité nejen pro poznání historie hradu či pro studium analogických situací, ale také pro zvýšení atraktivity památky pro cestovní ruch. Příspěvek nejprve představí aktuální standardy výzkumu a managementu zřícenin, následně se bude zabývat nástinem potenciálu výzkumu Štamberka pro oblast cestovního ruchu s důrazem na historii hradu, mapování krajinného rámce a identifikace vazeb na regionální prostředí. Na závěr zrekapituluje dosavadní výsledky využitelné k prezentaci historického, kulturního i přírodního bohatství regionu se specifickou vazbou na cestovní ruch. The paper provides an overview of the research results of the Štamberk castle carried out according to newly defined principles for the research, management and presentation of historical ruins, the aim of which is to support new solutions to increase the usability of the castle for tourism and to integrate the monument into the regional structures of localities with tourism potential. The castle was an important place within the territory of today's Highlands. The subject of the project, on which ITAM CAS has been collaborating with the Telčsko Microregion since 2020, is research into the history of the castle with a focus on the technological aspects of its construction, structural changes and demise. It includes the creation of a 3D model of the ruins in a landscape context. The project focuses on the history of lime production and the related inventory of geological sites. This research brings new information important not only for learning about the history of the castle or for studying analogous situations, but also for increasing the attractiveness of the monument for tourism. The paper first presents the current standards of research and management of ruins, then it deals with an outline of the research potential of Štamberk for the field of tourism with an emphasis on the history of the castle, mapping the landscape framework and identifying links to the regional environment. At the end, it summarizes the results so far that can be used to present the historical, cultural and natural wealth of the region with a specific link to tourism.
Klíčová slova:
Štamberk; ruin; technological research; presentation of monuments; tourism
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Výzkum zříceniny hradu Štamberk v kontextu regionu
Příspěvek přibližuje dosavadní výsledky výzkumu hradu Štamberk realizovaného dle nově definovaných zásad pro výzkum, správu a prezentaci historických zřícenin, jehož cílem je podpořit nová řešení jak ...
On the structure and values of betweenness centrality in dense betweenness-uniform graphs
Ghanbari, B.; Hartman, David; Jelínek, V.; Pokorná, Aneta; Šámal, R.; Valtr, P.
2023 - anglický
Betweenness centrality is a network centrality measure based on the amount of shortest paths passing through a given vertex. A graph is betweenness-uniform (BUG)if all vertices have an equal value of betweenness centrality. In this contribution, we focus on betweenness-uniform graphs with betweenness centrality below one. We disprove a conjecture about the existence of a BUG with betweenness value α for any rational numberαfrom the interval (3/4,∞) by showing that only very few betweenness centrality values below 6/7 are attained for at least one BUG. Furthermore, among graphs with diameter at least three, there are no betweenness-uniform graphs with a betweenness centrality smaller than one. In graphs of smaller diameter, the same can be shown under a uniformity condition on the components of the complement.
Klíčová slova:
betweenness; graphs
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři Akademie Věd.
On the structure and values of betweenness centrality in dense betweenness-uniform graphs
Betweenness centrality is a network centrality measure based on the amount of shortest paths passing through a given vertex. A graph is betweenness-uniform (BUG)if all vertices have an equal value of ...
Adaptation of methods for cyclo-stationary processes for noisy structural health data
Fischer, Cyril; Bayer, Jan; Náprstek, Jiří; Urushadze, Shota
2023 - anglický
In structural health analysis, various techniques, including indirect measurement via monitoring vehicles, often yield data with significant randomness and insufficient frequency separation. Conversely, the desired attributes under scrutiny are periodic in nature. Thus, methodologies designed to identify cyclo-stationary properties within noisy data can be adapted for such scenarios, assuming an adequate length of the recorded data.
Klíčová slova:
data analysis; cyclo-stationary processes; structural health monitoring
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Adaptation of methods for cyclo-stationary processes for noisy structural health data
In structural health analysis, various techniques, including indirect measurement via monitoring vehicles, often yield data with significant randomness and insufficient frequency separation. ...
Consistency of mathematical and experimental model of the autoparametric system
Fischer, Cyril; Náprstek, Jiří
2023 - anglický
This paper presents a long-overdue comparison of data obtained from experimental investigation of a spherical vibration absorber with the results of two mathematical models of the motion of a heavy sphere in a spherical surface. It shows that the danger posed by the potentially unstable self-parametric nature of the mathematical system is not too great in the case of realistic configurations, and that the values of the parameters describing the realistic structures remain within intervals corresponding to the stable behaviour of the absorber.
Klíčová slova:
vibration absorber; rolling sphere; spherical surface; autoparametric system; structural health monitoring
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Consistency of mathematical and experimental model of the autoparametric system
This paper presents a long-overdue comparison of data obtained from experimental investigation of a spherical vibration absorber with the results of two mathematical models of the motion of a heavy ...
Laserová ablace atomů vápníku a hliníku jako zdroj částic pro iontovou past
Grim, Jakub; Pekař, Zdeněk; Pham, Minh Tuan; Číp, Ondřej
2023 - český
Laserová ablace je účinnou metodou pro generování částic z různých materiálů, včetně těch s vysokou teplotou vypařování, jako je hliník. Využití vysokoenergetických laserových pulsů umožňuje kontrolované odpaření materiálu a vytvoření ablačního kráteru. V pilotní sestavě pro generování neutrálních atomů vápníku a hliníku pomocí laserové ablace byly dosaženy úspěšné výsledky. Metoda je porovnávána s tepelnou píckou s cílem optimalizovat proces generování těchto částic. Následná spektroskopická měření na generovaných atomech jsou prováděna s cílem optimalizace absorpce a emise fotonů pro následnou ionizaci v iontové pasti. Studie přechodů neutrálních atomů Ca a Al ukazuje, že laserová ablace poskytuje efektivnější generaci atomů s možností větší kontroly nad tímto procesem. Laser ablation is an effective method for generating particles from a variety of materials, including those with high evaporation temperatures such as aluminum. The use of high-energy laser pulses enables controlled evaporation of the material and the creation of an ablation crater. Successful results have been obtained in a pilot setup for the generation of neutral calcium and aluminium atoms by laser ablation. The method is being compared with thermal resistance oven in order to optimize the prosec generation of these particles. Subsequent spectroscopic measurements on the generated atoms are performed to optimize the absorption and emission of photons for subsequent ionization in the ion trap. A study of the transitions of neutral Ca and Al atoms shows that laser ablation provides a more efficient generation of atoms with the possibility of greater control over the process.
Klíčová slova:
laser ablation; ion trap; particle generation; fluorescence spectroscopy
Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR.
Laserová ablace atomů vápníku a hliníku jako zdroj částic pro iontovou past
Laserová ablace je účinnou metodou pro generování částic z různých materiálů, včetně těch s vysokou teplotou vypařování, jako je hliník. Využití vysokoenergetických laserových pulsů umožňuje ...
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