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The 2008 crisis and the response of France in the European context
Giusiano, Grégoire; Maitah, Mansoor; Anna, Anna
2015 - anglický
Cílem této práce je analýza důsledků finanční krize z roku 2008 ve Francii a přímých reakcí vlády na tuto situaci. Tato problematika je analyzována v porovnání s různými evropskými zeměmi, které jsou sousedními státy Francie. V první části analyzujeme příčinu této krize, konkrétněji finanční krize. Soudíme, že finanční krize vzniká nárůstem dluhu ze špatné investice. Poté je krize zkoumána na příkladu Velké hospodářské krize z roku 1929, kde americká vláda provedla opatření pomocí dokumentu New Deal. Vysvětlíme, že tyto kroky nebyly zaměřeny pouze na plánovanou distribuci peněz poptávkou, ale také donutily vládu, aby se zaměřila na reformování celkového ekonomického prostředí a přidělování práce lidem. Po nastudování krize z roku 2008 ve Spojených státech zjišťujeme, že ačkoli krize začala ve finančním sektoru, její následky byly viditelné v celé ekonomice Spojených států amerických. V druhé části analyzujeme hlavní francouzské ekonomické trendy po Druhé světové válce. Uvidíme, že po třiceti letech vysokého růstu a sociálního rozvoje, byla země po třicet let v klesajícím trendu ekonomického rozvoje. Zaměříme se na nezaměstnanost, která je významným ukazatelem politického a ekonomického systému ve Francii. Uvědomíme si, že odlišné vlády se nejeví jako schopné reformovat zemi pomocí udržitelných opatření, které jsou nad rámec dopadu samotného prohlášení.Následně budeme analyzovat to, jak prvotně krize ovlivnila francouzskou ekonomiku, abychom zjistili, že to ve výsledku vedlo k zhoršení hlavních makroekonomických indexů, jako prohloubení dluhů a vývoji recese. Díky tomu budeme schopní porovnat tyto výsledky se třemi nejdůležitějšími indexy dalších dvou evropských zemí: Českou republikou a Německem. Uvidíme, že tyto dvě země, vzhledem k důležitosti vývozu pro jejich národní ekonomiky, byly více negativně ovlivněny v porovnání s Francii. Ve třetí části se zaměříme na opatření učinění francouzskou vládou jako následek krize a důsledky těchto opatření. Uvidíme, že jejich plán podpory ekonomiky prostřednictvím pomoci společnostem je řešením, které nezohledňuje dlouhodobé cíle. Jsou to krátkodobé prostředky, které pomáhají národním ekonomikám překonat krizi, ale s dlouhodobými účinky na národní dluhy. Poté porovnáme prostředky využité Velkou Británií a Německem. Tyto dvě země jsou velice zajímavé vzhledem k tomu, že britská vláda si zvolila především přímou podporu spotřeby a Německo, které s největším stimulujícím evropským balíčkem bylo účinné ve všech oblastech. Závěrem určíme hlavní důsledky pro tyto dvě země, čímž je rostoucí zadlužení v procentním vyjádření HDP, ale také jsou důležité dlouhodobé výsledky těchto plánů. The objective of this thesis is to analyze what have been the impacts of the 2008 financial crisis in France and what were the direct reactions of the government to it. This analysis would be put in perspective by comparing it to the policies taken by various European neighbors. In the first part we analyze the cause of the crisis bubble-burst cycle and more precisely of the financial crisis. We conclude that a financial crisis comes from an accumulation of debt badly invest. We then study the example of the crisis of 1929 and the measure taken by the American government during the Great Depression through the New Deal. We explain that the measures not only planned on distributing money for the demand but set people to work and reformed the general economic environment. After studying the crisis of 2008 in the United State we see that even if the crisis began in the financial sector, its repercussion were felt on the entire economy. In the second part we analyze the main economic trends of France since World War Two. We will see that after thirty years of high growth and social development, the country was for thirty years on a downward trend of the economic development. We will study the case of unemployment, which is representative of the politic and economic system of France. We will realize that the different governments do not seem to be able to reform the country through sustainable measures that go beyond the impact of the announcement itself. We will then analyze the first effects of the crisis on the French economy to conclude that it resulted in the worsening of all the main macro-economic indexes, with the deepening of the debt and the development of a recession. We will then be able to compare those results to three major indexes of two other Europeans countries: the Czech Republic and Germany. We will see that those two countries, due to the importance of exportations on their national economies, and in the case of the Czech Republic, the importance of Germany, suffered more, in proportion, compared to France. In the third part we will study the measures taken by the French government in the aftermath of the crisis and the effects of those measures. We will see that if they plan to support the country through the help to the companies, the measure lack of long term planning. They are short terms measures that helped the country pass the worst of the crisis, but with long lasting effects on the country's debt. We will then compare them to the measures taken by the United Kingdom and Germany. Those two country are interesting to study since the British government made the choice of mainly directly supporting the consumption and Germany, with the largest European stimulus package was acting on all fronts. We will conclude that the main result for the two countries are the growing debt in percentage of GDP, but also that the long term effects are more taken into account in those two plans.
Klíčová slova:
Finanční krize; Francie; Hospodářských cyklů; ekonomický růst
dostupnost_czu
The 2008 crisis and the response of France in the European context
Cílem této práce je analýza důsledků finanční krize z roku 2008 ve Francii a přímých reakcí vlády na tuto situaci. Tato problematika je analyzována v porovnání s různými evropskými zeměmi, které jsou ...
Role and motivation of volunteers in development projects: A case study of Czech volunteers
Pantůčková, Monika; Chaloupková, Petra; Tereza, Tereza
2015 - anglický
Motivace je klíčovým faktorem ovlivňující jedince stát se dobrovolníkem. Tato studie zkoumá motivaci českých dobrovolníků pro práci na rozvojových projektech, na základě údajů získaných z dotazníkového šetření a z vědeckých článků. Průzkum byl proveden na 80 českých dobrovolnících z různých českých nevládních organizací, 40 dobrovolníků pracovalo pro Kintari organizaci v Indonésii. Hlavní motivace pro dobrovolnictví byly rozděleny do pěti sekcí podle orientace; altruismus, kultura, filantropie, cestování a socializace. Rozdíly byly identifikovány mezi respondenty, kdy Kintari dobrovolníci zvolili kulturu a cestování, což úzce souviselo s jejich délkou pobytu, naopak dobrovolníci z jiných českých nevládních organizací vybrali altruismus a filantropii. Následně byl proveden test faktorové analýzy a byly vytvořeny domény, skládající se z položek dotazníku. Pro testování vhodnosti dat při analýze faktorů, byla vypočtena statistická vyhodnocení, a to Cronbachův koeficient alfa, který ověřil úrovně odhadu vnitřní konzistence testu a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin měření, který určil míru vhodnosti vybraných dat. Použitý výpočet t-testu pro socio-demografické atributy nepotvrdil tezi, že ženy jsou více altruisticky motivovány než muži. Respondenti potvrdili zisk altruistických a egoistických zkušeností z dobrovolnictví, včetně rozvoje komunikačních dovedností, zvládání stresu, rozvoje empatických dovedností, porozumění místní komunitě, možnosti podílet se na společenských akcích, možnosti pracovat v multikulturním týmu a schopnosti být součástí sociálních skupin. Kintari dobrovolníci své působení na projektu přednostně spojovali s možnostmi poznat kulturu a cestovat, zatímco ostatní dobrovolníci z českých neziskových organizací cestovali hlavně kvůli práci a vlastnímu vzdělávání, což úzce souviselo s tím, že měli více předchozích zkušeností z jiných projektů. Potvrdilo se obecné pravidlo, že kratší pobyt ovlivňuje více altruismus, socializaci a touhu cestovat. Jako slabou oblast, označili Kintari dobrovolníci komunikaci a spolupráci s vedením organizace (chybějící zpětná vazba) a nedostatečné zajištění vzdělávacích pomůcek. Motivation is a key factor influencing an individual to become a volunteer. This study examines the motivation Czech volunteers to work on development projects, based on data obtained from the survey and scientific articles. The survey was conducted on 80 Czech volunteers from various Czech NGOs, 40 out of 80 were volunteers working for Kintari organization in Indonesia. The main motivation for volunteering were divided into five sections according to orientation; altruism, culture, philanthropy, traveling and socializing. Differences were identified among respondents when Kintari volunteers chose culture and travel, which is closely related to their length of stay, while volunteers from other Czech NGOs selected altruism and philanthropy. Subsequently, based on the test of factor analysis (FA) was created a domains consisting of the items questionnaire. In the statistical measurements and indicators were using factor analysis which was deemed appropriate, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which verified the estimate of the level of internal consistency and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measurement to determine the suitability of the selected data. The calculation used t-test for socio-demographic attributes excluded the thesis that females are more altruistically motivated than males. Respondents confirmed altruistic and egoistic gain experience from volunteering, including the development of communication skills, stress management, development of empathic skills, understanding of the local community, opportunities to participate in social events, work in a multicultural team and the ability to be part of social groups. Kintari volunteers cause on the project preferentially associate with opportunities to experience the culture and travel, while other volunteers from the Czech NGOs travelled mainly due to work and own education, which is closely related to the fact that they had more previous experience from other projects. The general rule confirmed that a shorter stay affects more altruism, socialization and desire to travel. As an area of weakness, Kintari volunteers market communication and cooperation with the management organization (missing feedback), and insufficient provision of educational aids.
Klíčová slova:
altruismus; voluntarismus; motivace k dobrovolnictví; satisfakce; rozvojový projekt
dostupnost_czu
Role and motivation of volunteers in development projects: A case study of Czech volunteers
Motivace je klíčovým faktorem ovlivňující jedince stát se dobrovolníkem. Tato studie zkoumá motivaci českých dobrovolníků pro práci na rozvojových projektech, na základě údajů získaných z ...
Analysis of the American Craft Beer Industry
Baron, Mark Robert; Maier, Tomáš; Jan, Jan
2015 - anglický
Tato diplomová práce si klade za cíl analyzovat působení zákonů týkajících se franšíz a spotřební daňové úlevy zaměřených speciálně na malé pivovary a také vliv práva malých pivovarů na distribuci vlastních výrobků. Výše státní spotřební daně za galon, hustota obyvatelstva a spotřeba piva na osobu jsou analyzovány jako sekundární vlivy, které vysvětlují velikost a růst minipivovarnického řemesla. Analýza se provádí pomocí dvou rovnic, regresí vícerozměrnou metodou nejmenších čtverců na národní úrovni a doplňkovými modely pro severovýchodní, středozápadní, jižní a západní oblast Spojených států amerických. V diskusi práce shrnuje zjištění z těchto právních předpisů, jakož i další regresované faktory a poskytuje náhled do důsledků nebo nedostatků vzkvétajícího amerického minipivovarnictví. This thesis aims to analyze the effects of franchise laws and excise tax breaks targeted specifically at small brewers, as well as the effects of the right of small brewers to self-distribute their products. The amount of the state excise tax per gallon, population density, and beer consumption per capita are also analyzed as secondary effects to explain the size and growth of the craft beer industry. The analysis is carried out using two-equation, multivariate ordinary least squares regressions at the national level and additional models for the Northeastern, Midwestern, Southern, and Western regions of the United States of America. The final discussions of this thesis discuss the findings of these legislations as well as the additional factors regressed and provide insight for implications or lack thereof on the booming American Craft Beer Industry.
Klíčová slova:
pivo; minipivovarnictví; franšízové zákony; právo vlastní distribuce; spotřební daně; pivovarnictví ve Spojených státech amerických
dostupnost_czu
Analysis of the American Craft Beer Industry
Tato diplomová práce si klade za cíl analyzovat působení zákonů týkajících se franšíz a spotřební daňové úlevy zaměřených speciálně na malé pivovary a také vliv práva malých pivovarů na distribuci ...
Asynchronous and parallel programming in .NET framework 4 and 4.5 using C#
Manasievski, Milan; Brožek, Jiří; Petr, Petr
2015 - anglický
Tato diplomová práce se bude zabývat na asynchronní a paralelní programování v rozhraní .NET framework verze 4 a verze 4.5. Cílem této práce bude prokázat a poskytovat lepší přehled o modelu task-programing aplikace ktery Microsoft představil a porovnávat různé aplikace z hlediska rychlosti a řádky kódu slouží k zápisu pak a rozdíly mezi nimi pomocí jednoduché statistiky. Pomocí literatury jsem shromáždil, vám vysvětlí, co by bylo nejlepší způsoby, jak dosáhnout rovnoběžnosti o žádostech, psát o návrhové vzory použité a poskytovat výstřižky kódu, které vám pomohou čtenáři získat lepší celkové pochopení úloh paralelní knihovny a výhody, které dává ve srovnání starších metod a sekvenční programování. In this diploma thesis the author will elaborate on asynchronous and parallel programming in the .NET framework version 4 and version 4.5. The aim of this thesis will be to prove and provide better insight on the task-programming model that Microsoft introduced and compare different applications in terms of speed and lines of code used to write then and the differences between them using simple statistics. Using the literature gathered, the author will explain what would be the best ways to achieve parallelism on applications, write about design patterns used, and provide code snippets that will help the reader get better overall understanding of the Task Parallel Library and the benefits it gives in comparison of older methods and sequential programming.
Klíčová slova:
Paralelní programování; paralelní výpočty; .NET; C#; vícejádrové procesory
dostupnost_czu
Asynchronous and parallel programming in .NET framework 4 and 4.5 using C#
Tato diplomová práce se bude zabývat na asynchronní a paralelní programování v rozhraní .NET framework verze 4 a verze 4.5. Cílem této práce bude prokázat a poskytovat lepší přehled o modelu ...
Dimensions of e-Government in Iran
Sarbazian Esfandabadi, Sara; Ulman, Miloš; Juraj, Juraj
anglický
In 21 century the e-Government and its services have changed people life in many different levels. E-Government made it possible for the people to come up with their daily needs in the fields of education, finance, health, etc. As the time goes on people have started to get more and more dependent on e-Government services as a main tool for easing their daily life. Therefore the e-Government has become significantly important subject of study in different parts of the world. However in some countries including Iran there are some obstacles that prevent people from accessing e-Government services properly.
dostupnost_czu
Dimensions of e-Government in Iran
In 21 century the e-Government and its services have changed people life in many different levels. E-Government made it possible for the people to come up with their daily needs in the fields of ...
Morphological and genetic diversity of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia, Mc Vaugh) in Peruvian Amazon
Šmíd, Jan; Lojka, Bohdan; Petra, Petra
anglický
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia, McVaugh) is currently one of the most important fruit species that is grown in the Peruvian Amazon, as well as in Brazil, Colombia or Bolivia. Larger plantations were established only in the last two decades and a substantial part of the production is still obtained by collecting fruits from the wild. Domestication of the species is still at its very beginning; most of the farmers cultivate the plants without any breeding or just after simple selection. The aim of this study was to characterize the morphological and genetic variability of cultivated and natural populations of camu-camu in the Peruvian Amazon and also to compare the variability among and within these populations. In total we have sampled 13 populations; 10 wild populations in Iquitos region, three cultivated populations in Pucallpa in Peruvian Amazon. For genetic analysis, the leaf tissue samples were collected from ten individuals from each population (n=126), and for morphological data were collected from five trees of each population (n=65). To assess the genetic diversity, we used seven microsatellite primers that were developed from available DNA sequences. Using various genetic softwares, major indexes of variability were detected and dendrograms of relatedness of populations and individuals were created. The statistical analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences for most of the morphological descriptors, except for the fruit parameters. Surprisingly, the trees from wild populations had higher fruit and pulp weight and their fruits contained less seeds compared to cultivated populations. The observed heterozygosity was 0.347 and 0.404; expected 0.516 and 0.506; inbreeding coefficient was 0.328 and 0.200 for wild and cultivated populations, respectively. Wild populations could be divided according to the dendrogram into two completely different groups. In cultivated populations, their approximate origin was determined. All the results indicated a high genetic variability but also a high degree of inbreeding. This can be explained by isolation of the populations from each other or low number of individuals in the population. This high level of diversity can be explored for selection of superior individuals and further possibilities of breeding.
dostupnost_czu
Morphological and genetic diversity of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia, Mc Vaugh) in Peruvian Amazon
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia, McVaugh) is currently one of the most important fruit species that is grown in the Peruvian Amazon, as well as in Brazil, Colombia or Bolivia. Larger plantations were ...
Agroforestry Systems in Czech Republic
Zelba, Ondřej; Lojka, Bohdan; Antonín, Antonín
anglický
Temperate agroforestry has been described and categorized several times and there are numerous definitions in use. Even though several agroforestry practices have been traditionally used in Czech Republic, any inventory of farms or plots where agroforestry is currently practiced is still missing. This study aimed to find a practical and relatively easy method to identify agroforestry systems on farmland. Firstly, several European surveys such as Land Use and Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) and Corine Land Cover (CLC) were examined to evaluate their applicability in inventory of agroforestry, and several methods of identifying trees in agricultural land blocks were reviewed. The thesis tried out a method that uses Corine Land Cover data in ArcGIS software to identify out patches of land that fall into the annual crops with permanent crops category. It then found agricultural land blocks with trees in those polygons. In the last part of the study, farmers owning plots in the agroforestry field blocks were located in the land registry and a questionnaire was sent out to them regarding the origin, function, and use of the trees in the agricultural blocks to collect information about the land-use systems. In total 3,071 hectares of field blocks were identified to fit the agroforestry conditions, mostly in the South Moravia region. Most of the found areas are in proximity of towns Velké Pavlovice, Louka u Ostrohu, Strážnice na Moravě, Moravský Žižkov, and Šakvice. The areas found there have many small plots that are each owned by a different owner, which creates a very heterogenous landscape. The area is well known for its fruit orchards and the questionnaire answers confirm that the area is indeed suitable for trees like apricots and cherries. The answers have also shown that the agricultural production directly neighboring with the trees used to be much more varied in the past. The thesis also reviewed legislative options for the support of agroforestry and suggested an improved ruleset to determine if a land-use system should be supported by subsidies for agroforestry systems.
dostupnost_czu
Agroforestry Systems in Czech Republic
Temperate agroforestry has been described and categorized several times and there are numerous definitions in use. Even though several agroforestry practices have been traditionally used in Czech ...
Optimization of small farmers production in Georgia
Zimuto, Welcome; Mazancová, Jana; Rydval, Jan
anglický
Agricultural cooperatives play an important role in supporting small agricultural producers and marginalized groups such as young people and women. They empower their members economically and socially and create sustainable rural employment through business models that are resilient to economic and environmental shocks. Agriculture optimization ensures that cooperatives achieve economic and farm household goals as efficiently as possible in the face of competing constraints of physical, environmental, legal or socio-cultural nature. In this study linear programming technique was used to model alternative profit maximization strategies for 2 cooperatives in Imereti while at the same time utilizing their resource capacities. Questionnaires were used to collect the variable data which were used to formulate scenarios for the model .The model scenario was determined by the crop allocation pattern and net profit returns for each scenario. Results show that Dovlati cooperative farmers can save up to 60,000 GEL, while Kvitiri cooperative can save up to 20,000 GEL if they follow the strategy highlighted in scenario 3 which in this study was taken as the model scenario. In our scenarios the model had its land bounds going to the upper level and this strongly illustrated that farmers have are using more resources on smaller land pieces . However our recommended model shows that optimal profit reduced as the model progressed from scenario 1 to 3. Kvitiri cooperative is best suited for immediate adoption and application of our model since farmers already cooperate on both production and marketing. The model presents Dovlati with an opportunity to maximize their profit margin if the farmers cooperate both on production and marketing .
dostupnost_czu
Optimization of small farmers production in Georgia
Agricultural cooperatives play an important role in supporting small agricultural producers and marginalized groups such as young people and women. They empower their members economically and socially ...
Malnutrition in Adolescent Girls in Ghana
Darko, Abigail; Lukešová, Daniela; Ivana, Ivana
anglický
Malnutrition is one of the major health issues challenging sub Saharan Africa of which Ghana is included. Good nutrition in adolescent girls is important as it helps to determine the health status, physical growth and later progress in life. Proper nutrition is the right of every child for developing essentially and having a quality life. The issue of malnutrition does not only affect the nutritional status of an individual but also impede the economic and social development of a country. The adolescent girls of today are future potential mothers of very country, it of upmost importance that their wellbeing is greatly considered both on the household and national. The study was aimed at evaluating the weight and height of adolescents and also assess the dietary intake of the girls
Adolescent girls were selected randomly selected from three basic schools. A total of 120 adolescent age 10-15 years and 120 caregiver were surveyed for the study. Data was collected by administrating pre-tested questionnaires to both the adolescents and their caregivers. Height and weight were measured and dietary intake were obtained using the dietary questionnaire.
The result from the study indicated that there was on significant p (>0.034) on the caregivers knowledge on the BMI of adolescents. Adolescents had normal BMI but were stunted in accordance with the WHO scale. Age 10 had a mean BMI for 15.9 kg/m2 and mean of height of 124.8 cm. Girls who were 11 years had a mean BMI and mean height of 17.3 kg/m2 and 130.1 cm .The mean BMI and height for 12 years was 18.4kg/m2 and 139.4 cm, who were those 13 years had a mean BMI and height of 19 .1 kg/m2 and 144.3 cm. The group of 14 years mean BMI of 18.8 kg/m2 and that of mean height was 145.1 cm, mean BMI and height for 15 years was 18.4 kg/m2 and 149.6 cm. Diets lack diversity, carbohydrate was the most consumed food commodity. This may contribute to nutrient deficiency. It is recommended that there should be a nationwide awareness on malnutrition in adolescent girls.
dostupnost_czu
Malnutrition in Adolescent Girls in Ghana
Malnutrition is one of the major health issues challenging sub Saharan Africa of which Ghana is included. Good nutrition in adolescent girls is important as it helps to determine the health status, ...
Drivers of reptile diversity in Serra de Bocaina National Park and surrounded agriculture areas, SE Brazil
Karhánek, Jaroslav; Hejcmanová, Pavla; Vladimír, Vladimír
anglický
The Atlantic Forest is pristine forest and it is also one of areas with the highest biodiversity, it is included in hotspots of the World with high percentage of endemic
fauna and flora. It is also one of the most threatened environments with more than 90 % of total area already destroyed. In the area of states Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo it is possible to find largest remnants of forest, which is called Serra do Mar. The main aims of the thesis were to describe the herpetofauna of the Serra da Bocaina NP. The study was conducted in the private parts in buffer zones of Serra da Bocaina National Park,
state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. In this study we were using visual encounter survey method via diurnal and nocturnal transects. The study sites were chosen in 3 different altitudes and environments. Study sites included disturbed open areas presented by pasture, wetland, agriculture land near households. The forest areas were mostly represented by secondary forest with connection to primary forests.
During the study I found a total of 87 individuals of 10 reptile species, belonging into 8 families: (1) Viperidae; (2) Dipsadidae; (3) Leiosauridae; (4) Tropiduridae; (5) Teiidae; (6) Gekkonidae; (7) Chelidae. Species diversity was given according to height
elevation and preserved forest area. The highest diversity was in mid elevation (700 m a.s.l.) and the lowest in the highest elevations of the study (1,100 m a.s.l.).
dostupnost_czu
Drivers of reptile diversity in Serra de Bocaina National Park and surrounded agriculture areas, SE Brazil
The Atlantic Forest is pristine forest and it is also one of areas with the highest biodiversity, it is included in hotspots of the World with high percentage of endemic fauna and flora. It is also ...
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