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Why Barbarians don't have Headaches. The structure of early dialogues and the sense of the apories in Charmides
Boháček, Kryštof
2008 - Czech
Author suggests to solve the problem of the compatibility of the apories in Charmides with Plato's theory of knowledge. The proposed solution consists in formal inquiry of the dialogue's structure. In the first step, Boháček compares the way of argumentation as well as dramatic structure of Charmides with "small Socratic" dialogues as Ion; Charmides proves to be completely different. The second step consists in Boháček’s own analysis of the common structure of the "transitive" dialogues represented by Lysis and Protagoras. In this group, Socrates converses with two paradigmatic partners: the weaker potential pupil and the stronger one, who stands for an authority and potential teacher of the weaker partner. Socrates defeats the rival, but doesn't offer any positive knowledge to the weaker young partner; he stands only for personal example and offers practical guidance. Charmides is identified with this common scheme and classified as a typical transitive dialogue. Autor navrhuje řešit problém aporií v Charmidovi zkoumáním formální struktury dialogu. Nejprve srovnává argumentační a dramatickou strukturu Charmida s ranými dialogy jako Ión. Výsledkem je naprostá odlišnost. Z druhé tedy autor předkládá vlastní analýzu obecné struktury tranzitivních dialogů, dokládanou zejména dialogy Lysis a Prot. Sókratés zde rozmlouvá se dvěma charakteristickými partenry, slabším potenciálním žákem a silnějším, jenž představuje autoritu pro slabšího. Sókratés poráží silnějšího, ale nenabízí slabšímu žádnou positivní nauku, jen osobní příklad a vedení. Charmida autor označuje za typický transitivní dialog.
Keywords:
Plato; Socrates; Charmides
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Why Barbarians don't have Headaches. The structure of early dialogues and the sense of the apories in Charmides
Author suggests to solve the problem of the compatibility of the apories in Charmides with Plato's theory of knowledge. The proposed solution consists in formal inquiry of the dialogue's structure. In ...
Rituals of reconciliation as myth? The conflict of the bishops of Vratislav with the dukes of Silesia and its resolution in the 13th century
Bar, Přemysl
2008 - Czech
Author has concentrated on conditions in Silesia in the 13th century, tracing the presence of the reconciliation ritual in the disputes of the dukes Silesia with the bishops of Vratislav in the 13th century. He points out that although perhaps all of the Piast dukes took part in the conflict between the temporal and church powers, the sources offer only a few details on the ending to the conflicts and in particular about reconciliation rituals. Autor se soustředil na poměry ve Slezsku ve 13. století se zaměřením na rituál smíření, který měl údajně uzavírat spory mezi piastovskými knížaty a vratislavskými biskupy. Ačkoliv těchto sporů byloo mnoho, prameny poskytují velmí málo informací o průběhu samotného rituálu smíření.
Keywords:
ritual of reconciliation; Silesia; 13th century; dukes of Silesia; bishops of Vratislav
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Rituals of reconciliation as myth? The conflict of the bishops of Vratislav with the dukes of Silesia and its resolution in the 13th century
Author has concentrated on conditions in Silesia in the 13th century, tracing the presence of the reconciliation ritual in the disputes of the dukes Silesia with the bishops of Vratislav in the 13th ...
Has Quine really proved that the borderline between analytic and synthetic sentences is not exactly defined
Materna, Pavel
2008 - Czech
As soon as we do logical analysis of natural language we can exactly distinguish analytic sentences from the synthetic (empirical) ones. Quine's criticism can be refuted because he has not accepted logical semantics and his objections have been articulated from the pragmatic viewpoint. Když děláme logickou analýzu přirozeného jazyka, můžeme přísně odlišit analytické věty od syntetických (empirických). Quinova kritika může být vyvrácena, protože Quine nepřijímal logickou sémantiku a jeho námitky byly formulovány z pozic pragmatiky.
Keywords:
Quine; analytic; synthetic; intensions; constructions
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Has Quine really proved that the borderline between analytic and synthetic sentences is not exactly defined
As soon as we do logical analysis of natural language we can exactly distinguish analytic sentences from the synthetic (empirical) ones. Quine's criticism can be refuted because he has not accepted ...
The national revival as a source of Masaryk's philosophy of history
Zumr, Josef
2008 - Czech
The author Josef Zumr presents the analysis of Masaryk's views on Czech national revival. Autor Josef Zumr předkládá rozbor Masarykových názorů na české národní obrození.
Keywords:
T. G. Masaryk; Czech national revival
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
The national revival as a source of Masaryk's philosophy of history
The author Josef Zumr presents the analysis of Masaryk's views on Czech national revival.
Phusis in Plato
Hobza, Pavel
2008 - Czech
In Plato, the term phusis has a wide range of meanings, so at first sight it doesn't seem that Plato combined with this term a specific philosophical conception. However, the investigation of the Symposium suggests that in the opposition to the Hippocratic conception, in which phusis was conceived of as the nature of human body, Plato conceived of phusis as the human desire or aiming at. Termín fysis má u Platóna celou řadu nejrůznějších významů, takže se na první pohled nezdá, že by Platón s tímto termínem spojoval nějakou specifickou filosofickou koncepci. Zkoumání dialogu Symposion však ukazuje, že v protikladu k hippokratovské koncepci, kde byla fysis pojímána jako přirozenost lidského těla, Platón koncipoval fysis člověka jako touhu či směřování.
Keywords:
Plato; the Symposion; nature; phusis
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Phusis in Plato
In Plato, the term phusis has a wide range of meanings, so at first sight it doesn't seem that Plato combined with this term a specific philosophical conception. However, the investigation of the ...
Disputes about rank in the late medieval and early modern period
Novotný, Robert
2008 - Czech
The study focuses on the disputes about rank in the late medieval and early modern Czech lands and analyses their origin, progress and solution in the diverse social classes and institutions. Studie zkoumá fenomén sporů o přednost v pozdně středověkých a raně novověkých českých zemích a analyzuje jejich vznik, průběh a způsoby řešení v různých sociálních prostředích a institucích.
Keywords:
social history; disputes about rank
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Disputes about rank in the late medieval and early modern period
The study focuses on the disputes about rank in the late medieval and early modern Czech lands and analyses their origin, progress and solution in the diverse social classes and institutions.
Sameness and Otherness in the Neoplatonic Metaphysical Systems
Němec, Václav
2008 - Czech
The article is concerned with the adoption and transformation of Plato's doctrine of the genera of being by the Neoplatonic authors: Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus and Marius Victorinus. The inquiry is focused on the role of sameness and otherness in their metaphysical systems. It is argued that in the late antiquity existed a parallel tradition to the Neoplatonic mainstream. This parallel tradition departed from the main Neoplatonic line i. a. by its specific concept of otherness. This variant concept of otherness contributed to a deep transformation of the Neoplatonic metaphysical system which in this form could serve as a suitable model for the Christian doctrine of Trinity. Článek je věnován převzetí a transformaci Platónova učení o nejvyšších rodech jsoucna u novoplatónských autorů: Plótina, Porfyria, Prokla a Maria Victorina, se zaměřením na postavení totožnosti a různosti v jejich metafysických systémech. Autor v něm dokládá, že v pozdní antice existovala paralelní linie k hlavnímu proudu novoplatónského myšlení, která se významně odlišuje od hlavních představitelů novoplatonismu mimo jiné svým specifickým pojetím různosti. Toto odlišné pojetí různosti vede k hluboké transformaci novoplatónského metafysického systému, který se v této podobě mohl stát vhodným myšlenkovým modelem pro křesťanskou trojiční theologii.
Keywords:
Neoplatonism; Metaphysics; Patristics; Genera of Being; Doctrine of Trinity
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Sameness and Otherness in the Neoplatonic Metaphysical Systems
The article is concerned with the adoption and transformation of Plato's doctrine of the genera of being by the Neoplatonic authors: Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus and Marius Victorinus. The inquiry is ...
Ancient World in the 19th Century: Close or Distant?
Kepartová, Jana
2008 - Czech
The author deals with the relationship between Czech society of the 19th century and the ancient world. Despite many school lessons devoted to this subject the autopsy has demonstrated that the ancient world with its pagan mentality remained rather distant for the Czech society of the 19th century. Autorka se zabývá vztahem české společnosti 19. st. k antickému světu: antika se sice na školách vyučovala v mnohahodinových dotacích, přesto však autopsie ukázala, že antický svět se svou pohanskou mentalitou zůstával českému člověku často velmi vzdálený.
Keywords:
ancient world; 19th century
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Ancient World in the 19th Century: Close or Distant?
The author deals with the relationship between Czech society of the 19th century and the ancient world. Despite many school lessons devoted to this subject the autopsy has demonstrated that the ...
Why to Go to Study with Euthydemus?
Chvatík, Ivan
2008 - Czech
The paper attempts to show that the purpose of the Euthydemus is not to ridicule the sophist’s art of disputation, but rather to point out the problems which serious philosophical dialectics encounters in the very essence of language, especially as concerns initiating others into this highest of all human activities. As the author sees it, the dialogue denies the possibility of teaching philosophy as the supreme human virtue and way to bliss, while explaining the paradoxical characteristics of such a virtue. This special virtue, i.e. human rationality (phronesis), is inherent in human beings; one cannot learn it extrinsically, but merely cultivate it as such. The author finally suggests further consideration of whether Plato’s concept of phronesis can be identified with his idea of the Good. Autor chce ukázat, že cílem Platónova dialogu Euthydémos není zesměšnit sofistický způsob disputace, nýbrž upozornit na problémy, na něž vážná filosofická dialektika naráží v samém jádru řeči, zvláště pokud jde o zasvěcování druhých do této nejvyšší z lidských aktivit. Zdá se, že dialog vylučuje možnost, že by bylo možno vyučovat filosofii jako nejvyšší lidskou dovednost a cestu k blaženosti, a osvětluje paradoxní charakter této dovednosti. Tato zvláštní dovednost, kterou je lidská rozumnost (fronésis), je ledem vrozená. Nelze se jí vnějškově naučit, lze ji jen kultivovat. V závěru textu se autor ptá, zda by nebylo možno identifikovat Platónův pojem fronésis s jeho ideou Dobra.
Keywords:
Sophists; Wits; Fronesis; Arete; The Good
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Why to Go to Study with Euthydemus?
The paper attempts to show that the purpose of the Euthydemus is not to ridicule the sophist’s art of disputation, but rather to point out the problems which serious philosophical dialectics ...
One and Only, Trinity, or Three Gods
Otisk, Marek
2008 - Czech
This paper deals with the famous dispute (between Anselm of Canterbury and Roscelin of Compiegne) concentrated on the interpretation of trinity of God. Studie se věnuje slavnému sporu Anselma z Canterbury a Roscelina z Compiegne o interpretaci trojjedinosti Boží.
Keywords:
trinity; philosophy; theology
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
One and Only, Trinity, or Three Gods
This paper deals with the famous dispute (between Anselm of Canterbury and Roscelin of Compiegne) concentrated on the interpretation of trinity of God.
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