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Microplastics and their removal from water using sorbents.
Spáčilová, Markéta; Dytrych, Pavel; Krejčíková, Simona; Fajgar, Radek; Šolcová, Olga
2020 - Czech
The occurrence of contaminants in water sources, microplastics or other organic pollutants, has been an increasing environmental problem. This issue is related to mapping of their occurrence in an aquatic environment and with finding of possible ways regarding their elimination. The prepared microplastic particles of five most-frequently used plastics (polyethylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene glycol terephthalate and polystyrene) were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Raman spectroscopy and the infrared spectroscopy (IR). The obtained microplastic particles were used for preparation of simulated water contaminated with microplastics. The prepared simulated samples of water contaminated with microplastics were used for the development of a methodology for determining the number of contained microplast particles. Furthermore, the possibilities of a microplastic removal from simulated samples by sorbents based on natural bentonites and zeolites were tested. It was confirmed that the effectiveness of sorbents depends on their composition and textural properties and could be increased by their modification. Zvýšený výskyt cizorodých látek ve vodních zdrojích, ať už mikroplastů či dalších jiných organických kontaminantů je v současné době stále se zvyšující environmentální problém. Tato problematika úzce souvisí se zmapováním jejich výskytu ve vodním prostředí, a dále také s možnými způsoby jejich odstranění. V rámci práce byla nejprve provedena charakterizace připravených mikroplastových částic pěti nejčastěji používaných plastů (polyethylen, polyamid, polytetrafluorethylen, polyethylenglykoltereftalát a polystyren) pomocí skenovací elektronové mikroskopie (SEM), Ramanovy spektroskopie a infračervené spektroskopie (IČ). Tyto mikroplastové částice byly použity pro přípravu simulovaných vod kontaminovaných mikroplasty. Připravené simulované vzorky vod kontaminovaných mikroplasty byly využity pro vývoj metodiky určení počtu obsažených částic mikroplastů. Dále byly testovány možnosti odstranění mikroplastů ze vzorků pomocí sorbentů na bázi přírodních bentonitů a zeolitů. Bylo potvrzeno, že účinnost sorbentů závisí na jejich složení a texturních vlastnostech a může být zvýšena pomocí jejich modifikace.
Keywords:
bentonity; microplastics; sorption
Available in digital repository of the ASCR
Microplastics and their removal from water using sorbents.
The occurrence of contaminants in water sources, microplastics or other organic pollutants, has been an increasing environmental problem. This issue is related to mapping of their occurrence in an ...
CFD Simulation of a Sub-millimetre Rising Bubble in a Stagnant Liquid.
Crha, Jakub; Basařová, P.; Kašpar, O.
2020 - English
Hydrodynamics of the multiphase apparatus is strongly affected by fluids used in the process. One of the main quantities, which determine the hydrodynamic behaviour is the rising velocity of gaseous bubbles. This velocity can be determined easily in small scale apparatuses, but it can be much more challenging in industrial-scale devices. For that reason, mathematical modeling is used. COMSOL Multiphysics, finite element CFD solver, was used to describe the behaviour of the single bubble rising in aqueous solutions of ethanol and n-propanol. Aqueous solutions of low-carbon alcohols are extensively used in many multiphase chemical processes such as distillation, flotation and in multiphase reactors. Bubble velocities and shapes obtained from the simulation were compared to experimental and theoretical values. Two initial diameters of bubbles were used – 0.6 and 0.8 mm. Terminal velocities and shapes deformations obtained from COMSOL of 0.6 mm bubble were in an agreement with theoretical and experimental values.
Keywords:
level set; bubble; single
Available in a digital repository NRGL
CFD Simulation of a Sub-millimetre Rising Bubble in a Stagnant Liquid.
Hydrodynamics of the multiphase apparatus is strongly affected by fluids used in the process. One of the main quantities, which determine the hydrodynamic behaviour is the rising velocity of gaseous ...
Laboratory Pyrolysis Experiments of Pelleted Sunflower Harvesting Residues and Grain Harvesting Residues.
Pohořelý, Michael; Skoblia, S.; Beňo, Z.; Hartman, Miloslav
2020 - Czech
In the report there are results of laboratory pyrolysis analysis of pelleted sunflower harvesting residues and grain harvesting residues. Ve zprávě jsou výsledky laboratorních pyrolýzních testů peletizovaných sklizňových zbytků slunečnice a posklizňových zbytků zrnin.
Keywords:
biomass; pyrolysis; biochar
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
Laboratory Pyrolysis Experiments of Pelleted Sunflower Harvesting Residues and Grain Harvesting Residues.
In the report there are results of laboratory pyrolysis analysis of pelleted sunflower harvesting residues and grain harvesting residues.
EDWork Manual IV. User Guide to EDWork 4.1
Sobolík, Václav; Wein, Ondřej
2020 - English
The presen report would serve as a user guide to the software package EDWork 4.1.
Keywords:
electrodiffusion technique; edwork manual; user guide
Available at various institutes of the ASCR
EDWork Manual IV. User Guide to EDWork 4.1
The presen report would serve as a user guide to the software package EDWork 4.1.
NMR Metabolomics Study of the Association between Pancreatic Cancer and Diabetes Mellrtus.
Michálková, Lenka; Horník, Štěpán; Sýkora, Jan; Habartová, L.; Setnička, V.
2019 - English
In our study, 1H NMR metabolomics was employed to plasma samples of pancreatic cancer patients, individuals with long-term diabetes mellitus type 2 (lasting more than 5 years) and healthy controls. The NMR analyses were followed by establishing a statistical model based on principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. The aim was to discover differences between these groups and to define a potential biomarker panel. The statistical evaluation of metabolomics-based profiles provided high values of sensitivity and specificity. Subsequently, plasma samples of the risk group, specifically patients with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus with a duration of <3 years (possible T3cDM), were analysed and the possibility of PC development was predicted. The achieved results showed strong potential of 1H NMR metabolomics to establish a biomarker panel that would facilitate the early diagnosis of PC and the possibility identify diabetic individuals, who are at risk of developing PC.
Keywords:
pancreatic cancer; nmr analyses; biomarker panel
Available in a digital repository NRGL
NMR Metabolomics Study of the Association between Pancreatic Cancer and Diabetes Mellrtus.
In our study, 1H NMR metabolomics was employed to plasma samples of pancreatic cancer patients, individuals with long-term diabetes mellitus type 2 (lasting more than 5 years) and healthy controls. ...
Dialytic Separation of Anions from DMSO Solution Facilitated by dendritic Receptors.
Cuřínová, Petra; Winkler, Maximilian; Krupková, Alena; Budka, J.; Wun, Ch.N.; Blechta, Vratislav; Červenková Šťastná, Lucie; Sýkora, Jan; Strašák, Tomáš
2019 - English
As the dialytic tubing is impermeable for big molecules of receptor, the anions crossing the barrier of dialytic tubing to form complex with the receptor stay entrapped inside and can be removed from the solution. NMR methods were used to study the complexation properties of given receptors as well as to determine the concentration changes during dialytic experiments.
Keywords:
anions; receptor; dialytic experiments
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Dialytic Separation of Anions from DMSO Solution Facilitated by dendritic Receptors.
As the dialytic tubing is impermeable for big molecules of receptor, the anions crossing the barrier of dialytic tubing to form complex with the receptor stay entrapped inside and can be removed from ...
Influence of Surface Treatment of Thin-Film Composite Membrane on Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Biogas.
Morávková, Lenka; Kárászová, Magda; Petrusová, Zuzana; Izák, Pavel
2019 - English
The effect of the various wetting procedure on the membrane performance was studied [1]. Spraying is clearly more efficient than spreading water on the top of the membrane with a brush and results in higher methane purity. Spraying ensures a more uniform distribution of the water on the skin layer of the membrane, leading to much higher CO2 permeation through the membrane and higher CH4 content in the retentate stream.
Keywords:
biogas; separation; carbon dioxide
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Influence of Surface Treatment of Thin-Film Composite Membrane on Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Biogas.
The effect of the various wetting procedure on the membrane performance was studied [1]. Spraying is clearly more efficient than spreading water on the top of the membrane with a brush and results in ...
Synthetic Pathways Leading to Phosphahelicenes.
Beránek, Tomáš
2019 - English
The goal of this work is to explore possible synthetic ways leading to these new members of the helicene family.\n
Keywords:
sythetic way; phosphorus; helicenes
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Synthetic Pathways Leading to Phosphahelicenes.
The goal of this work is to explore possible synthetic ways leading to these new members of the helicene family.\n
Magnesium Silicide and Germanide from Electronic Waste as a Source of CVD Precursors for Potential Catalysts Preparation.
Bumba, Jakub
2019 - English
This work is focused on the regeneration of silicon and germanium from electronic waste and on the possibility of intermediate products utilization e.g. for chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and catalysis.
Keywords:
electronic waste; silicon and germanium; catalysts preparation
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Magnesium Silicide and Germanide from Electronic Waste as a Source of CVD Precursors for Potential Catalysts Preparation.
This work is focused on the regeneration of silicon and germanium from electronic waste and on the possibility of intermediate products utilization e.g. for chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and ...
Five Years of Aerosol Particles Growth Rate Measurements at Four Background Stations in the Czech Republic.
Holubová Šmejkalová, Adéla
2019 - English
In this work we used data on aerosol particle number size distribution to investigate if there are any differences or similarities in the growth rate at four background stations located in different types of environment (urban, industrial, agricultural and suburban).
Keywords:
atmospheric aerosols; model simulations; background stations
Available in a digital repository NRGL
Five Years of Aerosol Particles Growth Rate Measurements at Four Background Stations in the Czech Republic.
In this work we used data on aerosol particle number size distribution to investigate if there are any differences or similarities in the growth rate at four background stations located in different ...
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