Rizika reformy doktorského studia
Grosman, Jiří; Jurajda, Štěpán; Münich, Daniel
2024 - český Systém financování doktorského studia v České republice je dlouhodobě neefektivní. Dokončovaná reforma má za cíl efektivitu systému výrazně zvýšit. V tomto krátkém textu upozorňujeme na potenciální problémy spojené s rozdělováním veřejné finanční podpory doktorského studia mezi vysoké školy. Problematické by bylo rozdělování podpory založené dominantně na míře úspěšného dokončování studií. Alokace veřejné podpory doktorského studia by vedle opodstatněných národních oborových priorit měla zohledňovat výsledky hodnocení kvality vědy na vysokých školách a úspěšnost v kariérním umisťování absolventů. The system of financing doctoral studies in the Czech Republic has long been inefficient. A reform currently underway aims to significantly increase the efficiency of the system. In this short text, we draw attention to potential problems associated with the distribution of public financial support for doctoral studies among universities. It would be problematic to distribute support based predominantly on degree completion rates. Allocation of public support for doctoral studies should take into account the results of evaluations of the quality of science produced by universities and their success in career placement of graduates, in addition to justifiable national disciplinary priorities. Klíčová slova: doctoral studies; public financial support; Czech Republic Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Rizika reformy doktorského studia

Systém financování doktorského studia v České republice je dlouhodobě neefektivní. Dokončovaná reforma má za cíl efektivitu systému výrazně zvýšit. V tomto krátkém textu upozorňujeme na potenciální ...

Grosman, Jiří; Jurajda, Štěpán; Münich, Daniel
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE FE-NI PARTICLES PREPARED BY THERMAL REDUCTION OF OXALATE PRECURSORS
Švábenská, Eva; Roupcová, Pavla; Havlíček, Lubomír; Schneeweiss, Oldřich
2024 - anglický Recent technological advancements require development of cost-effective and high-performance magnets \nwhich ideally do not contain rare earth metals or noble metals. The promising candidates are Fe-Ni-based \nalloys, in particular, the Fe50Ni50 L10 phase (tetrataenite), which has a great perspective for producing hard \nmagnetic materials. Our study explores a promising method for preparing nanoparticles of Fe-Ni alloy from an \niron-nickel oxalate precursor. The coprecipitation method was employed to prepare oxalate precursors, \nfollowed by controlled thermal decomposition in a reducing hydrogen atmosphere. The morphology and \nproperties of the resulting particles were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with \nenergy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), and \nmagnetic measurements.\nThe SEM analysis revealed that the particles have approximately cube-shaped unit cell morphology with a\nsize in a range of 1 - 2 μm. Upon annealing, the samples contain multiple phases with varying Fe-Ni content.\nMagnetic measurements confirmed the formation of magnetically suitable Fe-Ni phases in the samples after \nannealing. Mössbauer spectroscopy emerged as a highly effective method for characterizing individual phases \nof the Fe-Ni system. Klíčová slova: Magnetic materials; thermal decomposition; Mössbauer spectroscopy Plné texty jsou dostupné na jednotlivých ústavech Akademie věd ČR. PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE FE-NI PARTICLES PREPARED BY THERMAL REDUCTION OF OXALATE PRECURSORS

Recent technological advancements require development of cost-effective and high-performance magnets \nwhich ideally do not contain rare earth metals or noble metals. The promising candidates are ...

Švábenská, Eva; Roupcová, Pavla; Havlíček, Lubomír; Schneeweiss, Oldřich
Ústav fyziky materiálů, 2024

Financial skills and search in the mortgage market
Cota, Marta; Šterc, Ante
2024 - anglický Are households with low financial skills disadvantaged in the mortgage market? Using stochastic record linking, we construct a unique U.S. dataset encompassing a rich set of mortgage details and borrowers’ characteristics, including their objective financial literacy measure. We find that households with low financial literacy are up to 4% more likely to search less and lock in at 15-20 b.p. higher rates. Upon origination, unskilled borrowers face a 35-45% higher mortgage delinquency and end up with a 30% lower likelihood of refinancing. Overall, for a $100,000 loan, the potential losses from low financial literacy are more than $9,329 over the mortgage duration. To understand how financial education, more accessible mortgages, or mortgage rate changes affect households with low financial literacy, we formulate and calibrate a mortgage search model with heterogeneous search frictions and endogenous financial skills. Our model estimates show that search intensity and financial skill variations contribute to 55% and 10% of mortgage rate variations, respectively. We find that i) more accessible mortgages lead to a higher delinquency risk among low-skilled households, ii) financial education mitigates the adverse effects of increased accessibility, and iii) low mortgage rates favor high-skilled homeowners and, by reinforcing refinancing activity, deepen consumption differences across different financial skill levels. Klíčová slova: mortgage refinancing; mortgage search; financial skills Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Financial skills and search in the mortgage market

Are households with low financial skills disadvantaged in the mortgage market? Using stochastic record linking, we construct a unique U.S. dataset encompassing a rich set of mortgage details and ...

Cota, Marta; Šterc, Ante
Národohospodářský ústav, 2024

Zoologické dny Brno 2023: sborník abstraktů z konference 9.-10. února 2023
Bryja, Josef; Horsák, M.; Horsáková, V.
2023 - český Klíčová slova: zoology; conference Dokument je dostupný na externích webových stránkách. Zoologické dny Brno 2023: sborník abstraktů z konference 9.-10. února 2023

Bryja, Josef; Horsák, M.; Horsáková, V.
Ústav biologie obratlovců, 2023

Some modifications of the limited-memory variable metric optimization methods
Vlček, Jan; Lukšan, Ladislav
2023 - anglický Several modifications of the limited-memory variable metric (or quasi-Newton) line search methods for large scale unconstrained optimization are investigated. First the block version of the symmetric rank-one (SR1) update formula is derived in a similar way as for the block BFGS update in Vlˇcek and Lukˇsan (Numerical Algorithms 2019). The block SR1 formula is then modified to obtain an update which can reduce the required number of arithmetic operations per iteration. Since it usually violates the corresponding secant conditions, this update is combined with the shifting investigated in Vlˇcek and Lukˇsan (J. Comput. Appl. Math. 2006). Moreover, a new efficient way how to realize the limited-memory shifted BFGS method is proposed. For a class of methods based on the generalized shifted economy BFGS update, global convergence is established. A numerical comparison with the standard L-BFGS and BNS methods is given. Klíčová slova: unconstrained minimization; variable metric methods; limited-memory methods; variationally derived methods; arithmetic operations reduction; global convergence Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL Some modifications of the limited-memory variable metric optimization methods

Several modifications of the limited-memory variable metric (or quasi-Newton) line search methods for large scale unconstrained optimization are investigated. First the block version of the symmetric ...

Vlček, Jan; Lukšan, Ladislav
Ústav informatiky, 2023

Utilization of electrochemically induced cleavage of various sulfonimides
Salvadori, Karolína
2023 - anglický In this work, we describe the unexpected electrochemical cleavage of sulfonimides, providing a direct pathway to corresponding sulfonamides. For this purpose, 16 substances were synthesized and tested, reflecting the influence of different electron effects of -SO2Ph-R substituents, and the impact of the number of nosyl units present in molecules. In the case of octakis-nosylated calixarenes, the electrochemical cleavage via direct potential-controlled electrolysis was compared with conventional organic synthetic procedures. After electrolysis, all prepared sulfonamides were isolated in excellent yields. Klíčová slova: sulfonimides; green chemistry procedures; electrochemisty Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL Utilization of electrochemically induced cleavage of various sulfonimides

In this work, we describe the unexpected electrochemical cleavage of sulfonimides, providing a direct pathway to corresponding sulfonamides. For this purpose, 16 substances were synthesized and ...

Salvadori, Karolína
Ústav chemických procesů, 2023

Green approach for the preparation of biosourced ionic liquids and the study of their thermodynamic properties\n
Souvenir Zafindrajaona, Mahasoa-Salina
2023 - anglický This presentation will address a green approach to the synthesis of ionic liquids qualified as biosourced (monocatenar or bolaform systems) from specific agro-resources, according to several principles of green chemistry. As these solvents could be used to solubilize lignocellulosic biomass and/or extract bioactive compounds (from plant sourcing), the physicochemical characteristics (density, viscosity and heat capacity) of pure ILs or mixtures of IL/water must be determined. Preliminary results concerning this last point will be presented. Klíčová slova: biosourced ionic liquids; lignocellulosic biomass; thermodynamic properties Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL Green approach for the preparation of biosourced ionic liquids and the study of their thermodynamic properties\n

This presentation will address a green approach to the synthesis of ionic liquids qualified as biosourced (monocatenar or bolaform systems) from specific agro-resources, according to several ...

Souvenir Zafindrajaona, Mahasoa-Salina
Ústav chemických procesů, 2023

Cultivation of Limnospira maxima and utilization of its fresh biomass in human nutrition
Vásquez, Claudia
2023 - anglický This work aims to enhance productivity, efficiency and sustainability of L. maxima cultivation as well as to determine the safe microbiological conditions for the nutritional use of fresh spirulina biomass. Various parameters such as light intensity, light spectral composition, temperature, pH, CO2, and culture media composition can be optimized. A series of experiments were performed to find the most suitable configuration to cultivate L. maxima, defined by cyanobacterium productivity and yield as well as other metabolites production such as phycocyanin (C-PC) and carotenoids. Klíčová slova: Limnospira maxima; fresh biomass; human nutrition Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL Cultivation of Limnospira maxima and utilization of its fresh biomass in human nutrition

This work aims to enhance productivity, efficiency and sustainability of L. maxima cultivation as well as to determine the safe microbiological conditions for the nutritional use of fresh spirulina ...

Vásquez, Claudia
Ústav chemických procesů, 2023

Organic fluorine content and change during thermal treatmen
Hušek, Matěj
2023 - anglický We have previously described how pyrolysis affected the content of selected PFAS representatives.4,5 However, we could not determine with certainty whether they were merely cleaved or mineralised. Therefore, we focused on the change in organic fluorine content (part of PFAS) and analysed its thermal behaviour in inert (sea sand) and heterogeneous (sewage sludge) material. Klíčová slova: organic fluorine; sewage sludge; thermal treatment Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL Organic fluorine content and change during thermal treatmen

We have previously described how pyrolysis affected the content of selected PFAS representatives.4,5 However, we could not determine with certainty whether they were merely cleaved or mineralised. ...

Hušek, Matěj
Ústav chemických procesů, 2023

Separation of exosomes from polydisperse suspension in microfluidic devices
Paříková, Anna
2023 - anglický The work included fine-tuning the experimental methodology, writing an in-house code for exosome tracking based on a one-way\napproach, and performing a parametric study to investigate the separation potential of the microdevice as a function of channel geometry, flow rate, and viscosity. Preliminary results show that viscoelasticmicrofluidics can be used as an alternative to conventional e xosome separation techniques. Klíčová slova: separation techniques; exosomes; microfluidic devices Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři NUŠL Separation of exosomes from polydisperse suspension in microfluidic devices

The work included fine-tuning the experimental methodology, writing an in-house code for exosome tracking based on a one-way\napproach, and performing a parametric study to investigate the separation ...

Paříková, Anna
Ústav chemických procesů, 2023