Ano (214)
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214
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Small but diverse: larval trematode communities in the small freshwater planorbids Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Ruhr River, Germany
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Tereza
2019 - anglický
This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights the parasite contribution to the ecosystem biodiversity. This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights the parasite contribution to the ecosystem biodiversity.
Klíčová slova:
Planorbidae; Digenea; Parasite diversity; Community composition; Reservoir; Europe
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Small but diverse: larval trematode communities in the small freshwater planorbids Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Ruhr River, Germany
This study reveals the importance of small planorbid snails, in particular Gyraulus albus, as first intermediate hosts for a species-rich trematode fauna in European freshwater systems, and highlights ...
Genetická diverzita potenciálně terapeutické tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Lucie
2020 - anglický
Tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta je helmint stále častěji využívaný pro účely biologické léčby, tzv. helminto-terapie. Účelem této terapie je prevence a léčba chronických zánětlivých onemocnění, jejichž prevalence prudce stoupá u lidí žijících ve vyspělých zemích. Převážná většina izolátů H. diminuta je identifikována na základě morfologických znaků, nicméně je zde možnost výskytu kryptických druhů identifikovatelných na základě fylogenetických analýz. V případě kryptické diverzity v rámci komplexu H. diminuta by mohlo být pozorováno rozdílné působení (zejména imunologické) různých izolátů na hostitelský organismus. Tato práce se zaměřuje na odhalení možné genetické diverzity sledováním sekvencí dvou genů - lsrDNA and cox1. Studovány byly převážně izoláty z Evropy a USA, které jsou již využívány pro výzkumné nebo účely. The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta is highly prevalent in rat populations and has also been observed rarely in humans. H. diminuta has become a leading candidate for helminth therapy used to treat or prevent inflammatory diseases of humans in Western society. While most of the experimental isolates of H. diminuta are identified based on typical morphological features, hymenolepidid tapeworms may represent complexes of cryptic species as detected by molecular sequence data. In the present study, we explored the diversity of laboratory-kept strains using partial sequences of two genes (lsrDNA and cox1) and determined that H. diminuta isolates currently considered for therapeutic purposes in the US and Europe belong to a single, genetically nearly uniform lineage, showing only little genetic deviation from wild isolates.
Klíčová slova:
Hymenolepis diminuta; helminto-terapie; lsrDNA; cox1; kryptická diverzita
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Genetická diverzita potenciálně terapeutické tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)
Tasemnice Hymenolepis diminuta je helmint stále častěji využívaný pro účely biologické léčby, tzv. helminto-terapie. Účelem této terapie je prevence a léčba chronických zánětlivých onemocnění, jejichž ...
Predation risk and habitat complexity modify intermediate predator feeding rates and energetic efficiencies in a tri-trophic system
KOLÁŘ, Vojtěch
2020 - anglický
Many species show behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk, with important implications for their individual growth and development, but these responses may be context dependent. The goal of this study was to measure feeding and metabolic rates of intermediate invertebrate predators under different levels of predation risk and abiotic conditions to understand how they might affect their energetic efficiency, i.e. the ability to utilize available resources for individual growth. We ran laboratory experiments with larvae of three odonate species representing intermediate predators exposed to three levels of predation risk (none, visual cues, and visual and chemical cues) and two levels of habitat complexity (present vs. absent artificial submerged vegetation). We show that the response of intermediate predators to predation risk and its consequences for energetic efficiency are species specific and likely determined by their foraging and defense traits and their habitat domains.
Klíčová slova:
chemical cues; metabolic rate; Odonata; predator-prey interactions; trait-mediated effects
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Predation risk and habitat complexity modify intermediate predator feeding rates and energetic efficiencies in a tri-trophic system
Many species show behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk, with important implications for their individual growth and development, but these responses may be context dependent. The ...
Spatial and temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in acidified streams in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic)
PELTANOVÁ, Jana
2020 - anglický
Two outflows from atmospherically-acidified Čertovo and Laka lakes in the Bohemian Forest in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2005 and 2007. Water chemistry and macrozoobenthic community composition in longitudinal gradient of both streams were analyzed to determine the present status of the streams. Streams' chemistry reflects the current situation of both lakes. The progress in chemical reversal to natural conditions was observed in longitudinal gradients of both streams (greatly induced by chemically-inert tributaries). Macrozoobenthic recovery was evident only in Laka Lake´s outlow, mainly by increasing Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera taxonomy richness in longitudinal gradient. In Čertovo Lake´s outflow, there were no considerable changes in benthic community composition, because chemistry in the whole locality of Čertovo Lake was limiting for acidosensitive taxons.
Klíčová slova:
atmospheric acidification; stream recovery; Lake Laka; Lake Čertovo
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Spatial and temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in acidified streams in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic)
Two outflows from atmospherically-acidified Čertovo and Laka lakes in the Bohemian Forest in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2005 and 2007. Water chemistry and macrozoobenthic community ...
A novel structurally characterized haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase from Thermococcus thioreducens with diverse substrate specificity
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Petra
2024 - anglický
This RNDr. thesis is focused on complex studies of a haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase member with an unknown substrate specificity, isolated from a hyperthermofilic archeon Thermococcus thioreducens. The HAD phosphatase, internally named as Tt82, was isolated, expressed and purified using standard techniques and the crystal structure was solved by X-ray crystallography method. The refined crystal structure displayed characteristic HAD superfamily elements, such as the HAD canonical fold with the HAD signature motifs in the active site. Further, possible substrates for the enzyme were proposed and examined by computational docking in the active site of the HAD phosphatase. The results of the docking studies served as a basis for an experimental measurement of Tt82 enzymatic activity against selected substrates at two different temperatures. HAD phosphatase Tt82 is a promising target for the biotechnological field, mainly for its wide substrate specificity and higher temperature optima.
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
A novel structurally characterized haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase from Thermococcus thioreducens with diverse substrate specificity
This RNDr. thesis is focused on complex studies of a haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase member with an unknown substrate specificity, isolated from a hyperthermofilic archeon Thermococcus ...
Nine-year bird community development on Radovesická spoil heap: impacts of restoration approach and vegetation characteristics
KOREJS, Kryštof
2023 - anglický
Worldwide environmental effects of anthropogenic land modification have made apparent the urgent need of ecological restoration. However, the methods employed in restoration of post-industrial sites vary across different regions. This thesis aims to examine the outcomes of different restoration approaches by examining avian communities inhabiting a vast spoil heap in Central Europe. Insights into the effects of different types of management and associated vegetation characteristics can guide active restoration of post-industrial sites. Worldwide environmental effects of anthropogenic land modification have made apparent the urgent need of ecological restoration. However, the methods employed in restoration of post-industrial sites vary across different regions. This thesis aims to examine the outcomes of different restoration approaches by examining avian communities inhabiting a vast spoil heap in Central Europe. Insights into the effects of different types of management and associated vegetation characteristics can guide active restoration of post-industrial sites.
Klíčová slova:
ecological restoration; revegetation; agriculture; bird diversity; tree planting; bird community
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Nine-year bird community development on Radovesická spoil heap: impacts of restoration approach and vegetation characteristics
Worldwide environmental effects of anthropogenic land modification have made apparent the urgent need of ecological restoration. However, the methods employed in restoration of post-industrial sites ...
Red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) versus common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus): An example of ineffective cuckoo-hawk mimicry
KRAUSOVÁ, Ladislava
2023 - anglický
V této práci jsem testovala reakci ťuhýka obecného (Lanius collurio) na hnízdního parazita, kukačku obecnou (Cuculus canorus) (šedá forma), predátora, krahujce obecného (Accipiter nisus) a neškodnou kontrolu, hrdličku divokou (Streptoptelia turtur). Prokázala jsem, že ťuhýci od sebe dokážou rozlišit jednotlivé atrapy a adekvátně na ně reagovat. Navíc jsem prokázala, že imitace krahujce kukačkou je u ťuhýků neúspěšná. In this work, I tested the reaction of the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) against a nest parasite, the common cuckoo (Common cuckoo) (grey form), predator, Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) and harmless intruder, turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur). I proved that shrikes can differ between presented stimuli and adequately respond to them. Moreover, I proved that the cuckoo-hawk mimicry is not successful against shrikes.
Klíčová slova:
ťuhýk obecný; cuckoo-hawk mimicry; hnízdní parazitismus; obrana hnízda
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) versus common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus): An example of ineffective cuckoo-hawk mimicry
V této práci jsem testovala reakci ťuhýka obecného (Lanius collurio) na hnízdního parazita, kukačku obecnou (Cuculus canorus) (šedá forma), predátora, krahujce obecného (Accipiter nisus) a neškodnou ...
HP1 is Distributed Within Distinct Chromatin Domains at Drosophila Telomeres
ČAPKOVÁ FRYDRYCHOVÁ, Radmila
2013 - anglický
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
HP1 is Distributed Within Distinct Chromatin Domains at Drosophila Telomeres
Paratrypanosoma is a novel early-branching trypanosomatid
SKALICKÝ, Tomáš
2014 - anglický
The kinetoplastids are a widespread and important group of single-celled eukaryotes, many of which are devastating parasites of animals, including humans. We have discovered a new insect trypanosomatid in the gut of Culex pipiens mosquitoes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase- and SSU rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses show this parasite to constitute a distinct branch between the free-living Bodo saltans and the obligatory parasitic clades represented by the genus Trypanosoma and other trypanosomatids. From draft genome sequence data, we identified 114 protein genes shared among the new flagellate, 15 trypanosomatid species, B. saltans, and the heterolobosean Naegleria gruberi, as well as 129 protein genes shared with the basal kinetoplastid Perkinsela sp. Individual protein phylogenies together with analyses of concatenated alignments show that the new species, here named Paratrypanosoma confusum n. gen., n. sp., branches with very high support at the base of the family Trypanosomatidae. P. confusum thus represents a long-sought-after missing link between the ancestral free-living bodonids and the derived parasitic trypanosomatids. Further analysis of the P. confusum genome should provide insight into the emergence of parasitism in the medically important trypanosomatids. The kinetoplastids are a widespread and important group of single-celled eukaryotes, many of which are devastating parasites of animals, including humans. We have discovered a new insect trypanosomatid in the gut of Culex pipiens mosquitoes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase- and SSU rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses show this parasite to constitute a distinct branch between the free-living Bodo saltans and the obligatory parasitic clades represented by the genus Trypanosoma and other trypanosomatids. From draft genome sequence data, we identified 114 protein genes shared among the new flagellate, 15 trypanosomatid species, B. saltans, and the heterolobosean Naegleria gruberi, as well as 129 protein genes shared with the basal kinetoplastid Perkinsela sp. Individual protein phylogenies together with analyses of concatenated alignments show that the new species, here named Paratrypanosoma confusum n. gen., n. sp., branches with very high support at the base of the family Trypanosomatidae. P. confusum thus represents a long-sought-after missing link between the ancestral free-living bodonids and the derived parasitic trypanosomatids. Further analysis of the P. confusum genome should provide insight into the emergence of parasitism in the medically important trypanosomatids.
Klíčová slova:
Paratrypanosoma; insect trypanosomatid; genome sequencing; phylogenetics
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Paratrypanosoma is a novel early-branching trypanosomatid
The kinetoplastids are a widespread and important group of single-celled eukaryotes, many of which are devastating parasites of animals, including humans. We have discovered a new insect ...
Predicting asp and pikeperch recruitment in a riverine redervoir.
BLABOLIL, Petr
2016 - anglický
Recruitment of two species, asp (Leuciscus aspius) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), in a riverine reservoir was studied using a novel statistical approach. Both species are piscivorous and are stocked into reservoirs for biomanipulative purposes to reduce planktivore species. Long-term data series were used, but the number of potential predictors was high. Therefore, a novel informative statistical approach based on dimension reduction methods was applied. Quality of outputs was driven by sampling methods. Main factors affecting asp recruitment were zooplankton abundance, predator density and temperature. In terms of pikeperch fry measured with seine and trawls, the number of predators was the only important factor. Gillnets underestimate small fish and the data were unsuitable for statistical modelling.
Klíčová slova:
Sliced inversion regression; Stockrecruitment; Temperature; Water level fluctuations; Zooplankton
Plné texty jsou dostupné v digitálním repozitáři JČU.
Predicting asp and pikeperch recruitment in a riverine redervoir.
Recruitment of two species, asp (Leuciscus aspius) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), in a riverine reservoir was studied using a novel statistical approach. Both species are piscivorous and are ...
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