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Experimentální infekce Encephalitozoon cuniculi získaná z fermentovaných masných výrobků
BRDÍČKOVÁ, Klára
2019 - Czech
In this study described the prevalence and concentration of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in pork meat. Moreover, the effect of sausage fermentation on E. cuniculi viability and infectivity for immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice was studied by molecular methods. V této studii byla popsána prevalence a koncentrace spor Encephalitozoon cuniculi ve vepřovém mase. Navíc byl studován vliv fermentace klobás na životaschopnost a infekčnost E. cuniculi u imunodeficientních a imunokompetentních myši pomocí molekulárních metod
Keywords:
mikrosporidie; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; fermentace; microsporidia; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; fermantation
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Experimentální infekce Encephalitozoon cuniculi získaná z fermentovaných masných výrobků
In this study described the prevalence and concentration of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in pork meat. Moreover, the effect of sausage fermentation on E. cuniculi viability and infectivity for ...
Improved demethylation in ecological epigenetic experiments: Testing a simple and harmless foliar demethylation application
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Hana
2019 - English
Spray application of 5azacytidine on established plant seedlings was tested for its demethylating efficiency. It represents a novel method for plant experimental demethylation with a potentially lower negative impact on plant development compared to the traditional application of the demethylating agent through germination of seeds in its solution. Further, the 5azacytidine spray application was used in practice to erase the epigenetic memory in offspring of Taraxacum brevicorniculatum plants from different competitive conditions. The impact of parental competition on the juvenile phenotype was estimated by measuring growth related traits, while the experimental demethylation allowed for evaluating the significance of DNA methylation marks in bioticaly induced transgenerational effects in T. brevirorniculatum. Spray application of 5azacytidine on established plant seedlings was tested for its demethylating efficiency. It represents a novel method for plant experimental demethylation with a potentially lower negative impact on plant development compared to the traditional application of the demethylating agent through germination of seeds in its solution. Further, the 5azacytidine spray application was used in practice to erase the epigenetic memory in offspring of Taraxacum brevicorniculatum plants from different competitive conditions. The impact of parental competition on the juvenile phenotype was estimated by measuring growth related traits, while the experimental demethylation allowed for evaluating the significance of DNA methylation marks in bioticaly induced transgenerational effects in T. brevirorniculatum.
Keywords:
5-azacytidine; competition; demethylation; DNA methylation; ecological epigenetics; ecology; plant memory; plant performance; toxicity; transgenerational effects
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Improved demethylation in ecological epigenetic experiments: Testing a simple and harmless foliar demethylation application
Spray application of 5azacytidine on established plant seedlings was tested for its demethylating efficiency. It represents a novel method for plant experimental demethylation with a potentially lower ...
Distribution of herbivorous fish is frozen by low temperature
VEJŘÍKOVÁ, Ivana
2019 - English
The number of herbivores in populations of ectothermic vertebrates decreases with increasing latitude. At higher latitudes, fish consuming plant matter are exclusively omnivorous. We assess whether omnivorous fish readily shift to herbivory or whether animal prey is typically preferred. We address temperature as the key factor causing their absence at higher latitudes and discuss the potential poleward dispersion caused by climate changes. A controlled experiment illustrates that rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) readily utilize plant matter at water temperatures above 20 °C and avoid its consumption below 20 °C. Field data support these results, showing that plant matter dominates rudd diets during the summer and is absent during the spring. Utilizing cellulose requires the enzyme cellulase, which is produced by microorganisms growing at temperatures of 15-42 °C. Water temperatures at higher latitudes do not reach 15 °C year-round; at our latitude of 50°N~150 days/year. Hence, the species richness of omnivorous fish decreases dramatically above 55° latitude. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that strict herbivorous specialists have developed only in the tropics. Temperatures below 15 °C, even for a short time period, inactivate cellulase and cause diet limitations for omnivorous fish. However, we may expect increases in herbivory at higher latitudes caused by climate change. The number of herbivores in populations of ectothermic vertebrates decreases with increasing latitude. At higher latitudes, fish consuming plant matter are exclusively omnivorous. We assess whether omnivorous fish readily shift to herbivory or whether animal prey is typically preferred. We address temperature as the key factor causing their absence at higher latitudes and discuss the potential poleward dispersion caused by climate changes. A controlled experiment illustrates that rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) readily utilize plant matter at water temperatures above 20 °C and avoid its consumption below 20 °C. Field data support these results, showing that plant matter dominates rudd diets during the summer and is absent during the spring. Utilizing cellulose requires the enzyme cellulase, which is produced by microorganisms growing at temperatures of 15-42 °C. Water temperatures at higher latitudes do not reach 15 °C year-round; at our latitude of 50°N~150 days/year. Hence, the species richness of omnivorous fish decreases dramatically above 55° latitude. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that strict herbivorous specialists have developed only in the tropics. Temperatures below 15 °C, even for a short time period, inactivate cellulase and cause diet limitations for omnivorous fish. However, we may expect increases in herbivory at higher latitudes caused by climate change.
Keywords:
cellulase; climate change; latitudinal gradient; macrophytes; Scardinius erythrophthalmus; temperature pattern
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Distribution of herbivorous fish is frozen by low temperature
The number of herbivores in populations of ectothermic vertebrates decreases with increasing latitude. At higher latitudes, fish consuming plant matter are exclusively omnivorous. We assess whether ...
Association between louse abundance and MHC II supertypes in Galápagos mockingbirds
VLČEK, Jakub
2022 - English
In this thesis I describe association between abundance of ectoparasitic lice and supertypes of major histocompatibility complex in mockingbirds of Galápagos islands. I report a significant association between several supertypes and the lice abundance. Lice abundance was correlated also with heterocyte to lymphocyte ratio, an immunogenetic index reflecting rate of immune stress. This scientific contribution is valuable, because ectoparasite abundance in birds was rarely contrasted to MHC and other immune indices. In this thesis I describe association between abundance of ectoparasitic lice and supertypes of major histocompatibility complex in mockingbirds of Galápagos islands. I report a significant association between several supertypes and the lice abundance. Lice abundance was correlated also with heterocyte to lymphocyte ratio, an immunogenetic index reflecting rate of immune stress. This scientific contribution is valuable, because ectoparasite abundance in birds was rarely contrasted to MHC and other immune indices.
Keywords:
ectoparasite; immunity; genes; major histocompatibility complex
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Association between louse abundance and MHC II supertypes in Galápagos mockingbirds
In this thesis I describe association between abundance of ectoparasitic lice and supertypes of major histocompatibility complex in mockingbirds of Galápagos islands. I report a significant ...
World travellers: phylogeny and biogeography of the butterfly genus Leptotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
PAPP MAREŠOVÁ, Jana
2019 - English
In this thesis, we investigated phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of neglected butterflies of the subtribe Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. We used both mitochondrial and nuclear markers and different molecular analyses to resolve relationships within the subtribe. We also focused on diversification times and biogeographical patterns of Old World taxa and detailed phylogeography of the most widespread species, Leptotes pirithous. V této práci jsme se zabývali fylogenetickými a biogeografickými vztahy opomíjených motýlů subtribu Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), který je široce rozšířen v tropických a subtropických oblastech celého světa. Použili jsme jak mitochondriální tak nukleární markery a různé molekulární analýzy, abychom odhalili vztahy v rámci tohoto subtribu. Také jsme se zaměřili na časy diverzifikace a biogeografické patrnosti taxonů Starého světa a zabývali jsme se detailní fylogeografií nejrozšířenějšího druhu, Leptotes pirithous.
Keywords:
biogeografie; COI; Cyclyrius; Ef1a; Leptotina; fylogeneze; wingless
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
World travellers: phylogeny and biogeography of the butterfly genus Leptotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
In this thesis, we investigated phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of neglected butterflies of the subtribe Leptotina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), widely distributed in tropical and ...
Tasty rewards for ants: differences in elaiosome and seed metabolite profiles are consistent across species and reflect taxonomic relatedness
KONEČNÁ, Marie
2023 - English
The reward for ants in myrmecochory is a nutrient-rich appendage, the elaiosome. This study evaluates the metabolite composition of five groups (i.e. amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, polyols, and sugars) in elaiosomes compared to the respective seeds. Two plant species from each of the four families (Amaryllidaceae, Boraginaceae, Papaveraceae, and Poaceae) were examined, with each species represented by three populations. The hierarchically designed data enabled the decomposition of variability in metabolite composition at three levels: family, species, and population. Another aspect studied was the consistency of elaiosome metabolite composition across unrelated species from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous families with different elaiosome origins, which may reflect the convergent evolution of elaiosomes. The reward for ants in myrmecochory is a nutrient-rich appendage, the elaiosome. This study evaluates the metabolite composition of five groups (i.e. amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, polyols, and sugars) in elaiosomes compared to the respective seeds. Two plant species from each of the four families (Amaryllidaceae, Boraginaceae, Papaveraceae, and Poaceae) were examined, with each species represented by three populations. The hierarchically designed data enabled the decomposition of variability in metabolite composition at three levels: family, species, and population. Another aspect studied was the consistency of elaiosome metabolite composition across unrelated species from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous families with different elaiosome origins, which may reflect the convergent evolution of elaiosomes.
Keywords:
Myrmecochory; Convergent evolution; Variation partitioning; Ant-plant mutualism; Seed dispersal
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Tasty rewards for ants: differences in elaiosome and seed metabolite profiles are consistent across species and reflect taxonomic relatedness
The reward for ants in myrmecochory is a nutrient-rich appendage, the elaiosome. This study evaluates the metabolite composition of five groups (i.e. amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, polyols, ...
The Effect of P Enrichment on Exudate Quantity and Bioavailability - a Comparison of Two Macrophyte Species
KUBEŠOVÁ, Jaroslava
2016 - English
A study on rhizodeposition rates and rhizodeposits bioavailability (microbial respiration, N mineralization and phosphatase activity) of two macrophyte species with different life strategies (stress-tolerator and competitor) was conducted. Research was carried out in tropical marshes of Belize; results from the field were supported by 13C partitioning mesocosm study. The stresstolerant Eleocharis spp. released more C from roots than Typha domingensis and this C was more biodegradable. The two species responded to P enrichment differently. While Eleocharisspp. invested more assimilated C to the belowground (roots, rhizomes and rhizodepositions) after P fertilization, in T. domingensis the belowground C investment decreased. The effect of plant species was larger than the effect of P enrichment. Eleocharis spp., adapted to growth under low nutrients, invests more carbon into exudation a promotion of its microbial communities in the rhizosphere while competitive T. domingensis spends more fixed C on its own growth and metabolism.
Keywords:
Biological availability; C partitioning; Eutrophication; Herbaceous marshes; Mineralization; P limitation; Plant life strategy; Rhizodeposition/Exudation
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
The Effect of P Enrichment on Exudate Quantity and Bioavailability - a Comparison of Two Macrophyte Species
A study on rhizodeposition rates and rhizodeposits bioavailability (microbial respiration, N mineralization and phosphatase activity) of two macrophyte species with different life strategies ...
A peek into diversity of terrestrial cyanobacteria collected in San Gerardo de Rivas region, Costa Rica.
HAUEROVÁ, Radka
2017 - English
The presented thesis focuses on diversity of cyanobacteria collected from terrestrial habitats in the surroundings of San Gerardo de Rivas, Costa Rica. The first part of this thesis consists of a floristic survey performed on dried and subsequently revived samples using light microscopy. The second part introduces new cyanobacterial genus Calochaete (Microchaetaceae, Nostocales) with the type species C. cimrmanii. The presented thesis focuses on diversity of cyanobacteria collected from terrestrial habitats in the surroundings of San Gerardo de Rivas, Costa Rica. The first part of this thesis consists of a floristic survey performed on dried and subsequently revived samples using light microscopy. The second part introduces new cyanobacterial genus Calochaete (Microchaetaceae, Nostocales) with the type species C. cimrmanii.
Keywords:
cyanobacteria; Costa Rica; biodiversity; floristic survey
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
A peek into diversity of terrestrial cyanobacteria collected in San Gerardo de Rivas region, Costa Rica.
The presented thesis focuses on diversity of cyanobacteria collected from terrestrial habitats in the surroundings of San Gerardo de Rivas, Costa Rica. The first part of this thesis consists of a ...
Water-Related Child Injuries in Czech Waterparks
ŠVANCAROVÁ, Alena
2017 - Czech
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Water-Related Child Injuries in Czech Waterparks
Eggs as a Suitable Tool for Species Diagnosis of Causative Agents of Human Diphyllobothriosis (Cestoda)
LEŠTINOVÁ, Kateřina
2016 - English
More than 2,000 eggs of 8 species of diphyllobothriid cestodes infecting humans were compared. Combination of morphometrical and ultrastructural (surface morphology) data made it possible to distinguish all species. More than 2,000 eggs of 8 species of diphyllobothriid cestodes infecting humans were compared. Combination of morphometrical and ultrastructural (surface morphology) data made it possible to distinguish all species.
Keywords:
Cestoda; Tapeworms; Diphyllobothrium; eggs; SEM; Human Diphyllobothriosis; ultrastrucure; morphometry
Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia.
Eggs as a Suitable Tool for Species Diagnosis of Causative Agents of Human Diphyllobothriosis (Cestoda)
More than 2,000 eggs of 8 species of diphyllobothriid cestodes infecting humans were compared. Combination of morphometrical and ultrastructural (surface morphology) data made it possible to ...
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