(Arbo)viruses in high European Arctic
ELSTEROVÁ, Jana
2016 - English Since an ongoing climate change covers strongly the polar areas. Higher temperatures and related climate parameters bring the emergence of new parasites and their pathogens to higher latitudes. This may influence zoonotic diseases including arthropod-transmitted diseases. The tick species Ixodes uriae, parasitizing seabirds in the Arctic, may transmit many pathogens including various arboviruses, Borrelia spirochetes and Babesia apicomplexans. In the study we diagnosed 89 individuals of seabird tick Ixodes uriae and searched for arthropod-borne viruses from the genera Flavivirus, Alphavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Phlebovirus and Orbivirus using genus-specific primers. Moreover we searched for presence of Borrelia spp. and Babesia spp. DNA in the ticks. All samples were negative after PCR amplification for all tested pathogens. The result signalizes that tested pathogens might not be present in such high latitudes of European Arctic. Though, the possibility of introduction of these pathogens may be observable in near future due to quick changing of the Arctic ecosystem with the rising of migration of vertebrate hosts including humans to the polar areas. It is though important to continue to study potential presence of pathogens in polar areas. We are working on increase of the number of tick samples to confirm the presence or absence of the tick-borne pathogens in the European Arctic. Keywords: Arbovirus; Arctic; Polar Areas; Ixodes uriae; Tick-borne pathogen Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. (Arbo)viruses in high European Arctic

Since an ongoing climate change covers strongly the polar areas. Higher temperatures and related climate parameters bring the emergence of new parasites and their pathogens to higher latitudes. This ...

ELSTEROVÁ, Jana
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Effect of low doses of herbicide paraquat on antioxidant defense in Drosophila
SÁBOVÁ, Michala
2016 - English Disruption of cell equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant defence is named oxidative stress. The main component of antioxidant mechanism is activity of antioxidant enzymes, which include superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. In this study we evaluated the effect of herbicide paraquat on response of SOD and catalase, their transcription level and locomotion activity in Drosophila melanogaster. We exposed the flies to a wide range of paraquat concentration. Our results revealed that transcript and enzymatic levels of both SOD and catalase have a similar biphasic dose response with the peaks at 2,5 ?M paraquat concentration, resembling hormetic effect. Then, males were more sensitive than females. However, females had an increased locomotion activity. We found that paraquat susceptibility is increased in males and mating flies. Therefore, this study supports hypothesis of stress sensitivity elevation as a physiological cost of reproduction. Disruption of cell equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant defence is named oxidative stress. The main component of antioxidant mechanism is activity of antioxidant enzymes, which include superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. In this study we evaluated the effect of herbicide paraquat on response of SOD and catalase, their transcription level and locomotion activity in Drosophila melanogaster. We exposed the flies to a wide range of paraquat concentration. Our results revealed that transcript and enzymatic levels of both SOD and catalase have a similar biphasic dose response with the peaks at 2,5 ?M paraquat concentration, resembling hormetic effect. Then, males were more sensitive than females. However, females had an increased locomotion activity. We found that paraquat susceptibility is increased in males and mating flies. Therefore, this study supports hypothesis of stress sensitivity elevation as a physiological cost of reproduction. Keywords: superoxide dismutase; catalase; antioxidant mechanism; paraquat; Drosophila melanogaster Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Effect of low doses of herbicide paraquat on antioxidant defense in Drosophila

Disruption of cell equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant defence is named oxidative stress. The main component of antioxidant mechanism is activity of antioxidant enzymes, ...

SÁBOVÁ, Michala
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

The role of p38-Mapk14/11 as an enabler of primitive endoderm (PrE) maturation and as a sensor of metabolism during mouse preimplantation embryo development
THAMODARAN, Vasanth
2016 - English ANNOTATION This thesis describes the role of p38 mitogen activated kinases alpha/beta, also referred to as Mapk14/11 (p38-Mapk14/11), in regulating primitive endoderm (PrE) cell-fate and its sensitivity towards exogenously supplemented amino acids during mouse preimplantation embryo development. This study utilizing various pharmacological inhibitors, gene transcript over-expression and immunofluorescence assisted confocal microscopy imaging, has revealed a novel and pivotal role p38-Mapk14/11 in promoting germane maturation of the blastocyst stage inner cell mass (ICM)into the defined epiblast (EPI) and PrE and its potential requirement under amino acid deprived conditions. ANNOTATION This thesis describes the role of p38 mitogen activated kinases alpha/beta, also referred to as Mapk14/11 (p38-Mapk14/11), in regulating primitive endoderm (PrE) cell-fate and its sensitivity towards exogenously supplemented amino acids during mouse preimplantation embryo development. This study utilizing various pharmacological inhibitors, gene transcript over-expression and immunofluorescence assisted confocal microscopy imaging, has revealed a novel and pivotal role p38-Mapk14/11 in promoting germane maturation of the blastocyst stage inner cell mass (ICM)into the defined epiblast (EPI) and PrE and its potential requirement under amino acid deprived conditions. Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. The role of p38-Mapk14/11 as an enabler of primitive endoderm (PrE) maturation and as a sensor of metabolism during mouse preimplantation embryo development

ANNOTATION This thesis describes the role of p38 mitogen activated kinases alpha/beta, also referred to as Mapk14/11 (p38-Mapk14/11), in regulating primitive endoderm (PrE) cell-fate and its ...

THAMODARAN, Vasanth
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

The Interplay Between the Notch Signaling Pathway and Cellular Metabolism
SLANINOVÁ, Věra
2016 - English We identified four metabolic genes as direct targets of Notch signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo and investigated the hypothesis that Notch directed metabolic changes support the growth of the imaginal wing dics. Vice versa, we observed the influence of metabolic changes on the activity of Notch signaling pathway and we identified Sirt1 as a metabolic sensor for the Notch pathway that helps to elicit an efficient response to Notch signal, in a metabolism sensitive manner. We identified four metabolic genes as direct targets of Notch signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo and investigated the hypothesis that Notch directed metabolic changes support the growth of the imaginal wing dics. Vice versa, we observed the influence of metabolic changes on the activity of Notch signaling pathway and we identified Sirt1 as a metabolic sensor for the Notch pathway that helps to elicit an efficient response to Notch signal, in a metabolism sensitive manner. Keywords: Notch; metabolism; growth; metabolic sensors; sirt1 Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. The Interplay Between the Notch Signaling Pathway and Cellular Metabolism

We identified four metabolic genes as direct targets of Notch signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo and investigated the hypothesis that Notch directed metabolic changes support the growth of ...

SLANINOVÁ, Věra
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Analysis of spore abortion in ferns
HORNYCH, Ondřej
2016 - English Spore abortion rate was studied for a total of 109 samples belonging to 23 fern taxa. The resulting abortion rate was compared within several reproductive and phylogenetic groups. The method of spore abortion estimation was optimized by analyzing the amount of spores needed as well as the potential differences within frond. Spore abortion rate was studied for a total of 109 samples belonging to 23 fern taxa. The resulting abortion rate was compared within several reproductive and phylogenetic groups. The method of spore abortion estimation was optimized by analyzing the amount of spores needed as well as the potential differences within frond. Keywords: apomixis; Asplenium; Dryopteris; ferns; spore abortion Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Analysis of spore abortion in ferns

Spore abortion rate was studied for a total of 109 samples belonging to 23 fern taxa. The resulting abortion rate was compared within several reproductive and phylogenetic groups. The method of spore ...

HORNYCH, Ondřej
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Transgenerational effect in \kur{Taraxacum brevicorniculatum}: test of a novel method of experimental plant DNA demethylation and its practical application in exploring the impact of maternal competition on progeny phenotype
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Hana
2016 - English Spray application of 5­azacytidine on established plant seedlings was tested for its demethylating efficiency, as it represents a novel method for plant experimental demethylation with a potentially lower negative impact on plant development compared to the traditional application of the demethytaling agent through germination of seeds in its solution. Further, the 5­azacytidine spray application was used in practice to erase the epigenetic memory in offspring of Taraxacum brevicorniculatum plants from different competitive conditions. The impact of parental competition on the juvenile phenotype was estimated by measuring growth related traits, while the experimental demethylation allowed for evaluating the significance of DNA methylation marks in bioticaly induced transgenerational effects in T. brevirorniculatum. Spray application of 5­azacytidine on established plant seedlings was tested for its demethylating efficiency, as it represents a novel method for plant experimental demethylation with a potentially lower negative impact on plant development compared to the traditional application of the demethytaling agent through germination of seeds in its solution. Further, the 5­azacytidine spray application was used in practice to erase the epigenetic memory in offspring of Taraxacum brevicorniculatum plants from different competitive conditions. The impact of parental competition on the juvenile phenotype was estimated by measuring growth related traits, while the experimental demethylation allowed for evaluating the significance of DNA methylation marks in bioticaly induced transgenerational effects in T. brevirorniculatum. Keywords: transgenerational effect; experimental DNA demethylation; 5-azacytidine; competition; seed mass Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Transgenerational effect in \kur{Taraxacum brevicorniculatum}: test of a novel method of experimental plant DNA demethylation and its practical application in exploring the impact of maternal competition on progeny phenotype

Spray application of 5­azacytidine on established plant seedlings was tested for its demethylating efficiency, as it represents a novel method for plant experimental demethylation with a potentially ...

DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Hana
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Characterisation of novel serpin TILIr and its relatives from the superfamily of serine protease inhibitors from \kur{Ixodes ricinus} tick
SLABÁ, Hana
2016 - English Novel gene, named TILIr ( TIL Ixodes ricinus), that encoded yet unknown protein with TIL domain characteristic to proteins that belong to trypsin inhibitors family was discovered and isolated from hard tick Ixodes ricinus. Two isoforms of novel gene were identified and studied in this project. As the result of this study recombinant TILIr protein was produced in bacterial expression system and analysis of its functional characteristics was conducted. The protein belonging to family of trypsin inhibitors represent a potential candidate for anti-tick vaccine component. Tato práce pojednává o nově objeveném genu z klíštěte Ixodes ricinus, pojmenovaném TILIr (TIL Ixodes ricinus). Protein obsahuje TIL doménu a patří mezi inhibitory trypsinu. Spolu s TILIrem byly analyzovány dvě jeho isoformy. Výsledkem práce byla produkce rekombinantního proteinu v bakteriálním expresním vektoru a jeho funkční analýza. Protein, patřící do rodiny inhibitorů trypsinu, představuje potenciálního kandidáta pro komponentu protiklíštěcí vakcíny. Keywords: serpiny; TILIr; Ixodes ricinus; inhibitory trypsinu Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Characterisation of novel serpin TILIr and its relatives from the superfamily of serine protease inhibitors from \kur{Ixodes ricinus} tick

Novel gene, named TILIr ( TIL Ixodes ricinus), that encoded yet unknown protein with TIL domain characteristic to proteins that belong to trypsin inhibitors family was discovered and isolated from ...

SLABÁ, Hana
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

The role of CG18446 gene in immune response in \kur{Drosophila melanogaster}
TANASIĆ, Dajana
2016 - English Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. The role of CG18446 gene in immune response in \kur{Drosophila melanogaster}

TANASIĆ, Dajana
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Predation in Literature, David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas
HEMERKOVÁ, Anna
2016 - English The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the theme of reincarnation and predation in David Mitchell´s Cloud Atlas. The novel consists of six parts which are interconnected by the aforementioned ideas. Cloud Atlas bears features of a historical novel and science fiction. The task of the thesis will be to describe the form and the connection among the novels. The secondary task of the thesis will be to describe how Mitchell deals with the theme of the universality of human experience and to prove the possible influence of eastern philosophies over the work. Cílem této bakalářské práce je popsat a zpracovat téma reinkarnace a predace v komplexním díle Atlas mraků autora D. Mitchella. Dílo britského spisovatele se skládá ze šesti novel, které jsou vzájemně ideově propojeny výše zmíněnými tématy. Román vykazuje rysy historického románu a zároveň žánru science fiction. Sekundárním cílem této bakalářské práce bude zamyšlení se nad otázkou, zda Mitchellův román spadá či nespadá do zmíněných kategorií. Jedním z dílčích cílů této bakalářské práce je popis odrazu východních filozofií v tomto díle. Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Predation in Literature, David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the theme of reincarnation and predation in David Mitchell´s Cloud Atlas. The novel consists of six parts which are interconnected by the aforementioned ...

HEMERKOVÁ, Anna
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016

Vývoj metodologické a technologické platformy pro neinvazivní odhad fenolických látek v listech a bobulích
ŠEBELA, David
2016 - English Plant optical signals can serve as important source of information about biochemical and physiological processes in plants. These signals are influenced by compounds synthesized by plants during primary or secondary metabolism and thus, can also serve as their qualitative and quantitative indicators. Light reaching plant surface (leaf or fruit) can undergo three main pathways- it can be (i) reflected, (ii) absorbed or it can (iii) transmit through plant material. The probability of these three processes depends on particular wavelength of incident irradiation and on the morphological characteristics of plant tissues themselves. As such, plant contains various spectrum of photosynthetic pigments and fluorescent compounds which can either reflect, absorb or pass incident irradiation through at specific wavelengths. Biophysical techniques working with these optical properties of plant pigments and/or other compounds have become universal and common tool in basic and applied research. To quote some example, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, UV induced fluorescence or spectroscopic techniques are on the top of interest thanks to its non-invasive nature, allowing maintain the integrity of measured cells or the whole plant constituents. The main aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive study on the possibility of non-invasive monitoring of phenolic compounds in the leaves and fruits. Optické signály rostliných pletiv mohou sloužit jako významný zdroj informací o biochemických a fyziologických procesech v rostlinách. Tyto signály jsou v zásadě ovlivněny primárním či sekundárním metabolismem - tedy vyzařovány látkami vlastními rostlině, a mohou tak sloužit i jako jejich kvalitativní i kvantitativní indikátory. Při dopadu světelného záření na povrch rostliny (listu či plodu) může dojít v zásadě ke třem hlavním dějům - (i) odrazu, (ii) pohlcení/absorbci či (iii) průchodu daného záření. Pravděpodobnost těchto tří dějů zavisí jak na vlnové délce dopadajícího záření, tak i na vlastnostech samotných rostlinných pletiv. Jako taková jsou rostlinná těla plná pigmentů a fluorescenčních sloučenin, které buď odráží, pohlcují nebo propouští část spektra v různých vlnových délkách daného záření. Biofyzikální techniky pracující s optickými vlastnostmi daných rostliných pigmentů a sloučenin se staly univerzálním a běžně používaným nástrojem v základním i aplikovaném výzkumu rostlin. Například zobrazování kinetiky fluorescence chlorofylu, měření fluorescence indukované ultrafialovým zářením, nebo měření spektrálních charakteristik odraženého světla se dostaly do popředí zájmu díky svému neinvazivnímu charakteru, díky němuž zachovávají integritu buněk i celé měřené rostliny. Tato práce se snaží poskytnout ucelenou studii, týkající se možnosti neinvazivního monitoringu fenolických látek v listech a plodech, za pomocí zmíněných optických metod. Keywords: chlorofylová fluorescence; fenolické látky; neinvazivní monitoring; reflektance; UV indukovaná fluorescence Available in the Digital Repository of University of South Bohemia. Vývoj metodologické a technologické platformy pro neinvazivní odhad fenolických látek v listech a bobulích

Plant optical signals can serve as important source of information about biochemical and physiological processes in plants. These signals are influenced by compounds synthesized by plants during ...

ŠEBELA, David
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2016